词汇学教程张维友版课后习题答案.pdf

英语词汇学教程 2004 年版 练习答案 Chapter 1 7 tart loose womanbloke fellow gat pistolswell great chicken cowardblue fight smoky policefull drunk dame womanbeaver girl 8 haply perhapsalbeit although methinks it seems to meeke also sooth truthmorn morning troth pledgeere before quoth saidhallowed holy billow wave the seabade bid 12 DenizensAliensTranslation loansSemantic loans kettle die wall skirt husband confrere pro patria Wunderkind mikado parvenu chopstick typhoon black humour long time no see dream Chapter 2 Ex 1 The Indo European Language Family is one of the most important language families in the world It is made up of most of the languages of Europe the Near East and India English belongs to this family and the other members of the Indo European have more or less influence on English vocabulary A knowledge of the Indo European Language Family will help us understand English words better and use them more appropriately 2 Indo European Language Family Balto SlavicIndo IranianCelticItalianHellenicGermanic RoumanianHindiBretonSpanishGreekEnglish LithuanianPersianScottishFrenchSwedish PrussianIrishItalianGerman PolishPortugueseNorweigian SlavenianIcelandic RussianDanish BulgarianDutch 6 When in the course of human events it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political bonds which have connected them with another and to assume among the powers of the earth separate and equal station to which the laws of nature and of nature s God entitle them a decent respect to the opinions of mankind requires that they should declare the causes which impel them to the separation Most of the content words are either of Greek or Latin origin What are left are mostly functional words This shows that Greek and Latin play a very important part in the English vocabulary 8 eventful Latin English hydroplane Greek Latin falsehood Latin English pacifist Latin Greek saxophone German Greek heirloom French English joss house Portuguese English television Greek Latin 9 amateur late finac late empire early peace E courage E garage L judgement E chair E chaise L grace E servant E routine L jealous E savat L genre L gender E d but L morale L state E chez L ballet L 11 allegro f轻快 andante j行板行板 diminuendo g渐弱渐弱 largo d缓慢缓慢 pianoforte a轻转慢 alto i女低音 crescendo b渐强 forte e强强 piano h轻 soprano c女高音女高音 12 cherub Hebrew snorkel G coolie Hindi tulip Turk lasso Sp wok Ch shampoo Indian chocolate Mex tepee Am Ind jubilee Gr kibitz G Sabbath Heb chipmunk Am Ind tamale Mex cotton Arab voodoo Afr loot Hindi sauerbraten G 13 a alligatorb loco c rodeod bonanza e igloof blitzkrieg g wigwamh canoe i hurricanej boomerang k Ponchos Chapter 3 1 a morphemeb allomorph c bound morphemed free morpheme e affixf informational affix g derivational affixh root i stemj base 3 individualistic individualist ic stem base individual ist stem base individu al stem base in dividu root stem base undesirables un desirable stem base desir able root stem base free morpheme free root morphemebound root bound morphemeinflectional affix affixprefix derivational affix suffix Chapter 4 Affixation 5 non smokerincapableimpractical disobeyinsecurityirrelevant immatureinability disabilityunofficially unwillingnessillegaldisagreement illogicaldisloyalinconvenient non athletic 6 hardenhorrifymodernize memorizefalsifyapologize deepenglorifysterilize lengthenintensifybeautify fattensympathize a apologizedb beautifyc lengthening d sympathizede fattenf falsify g memorizingh Sterilize 7 a employeeb politicianc participant d waitresse conductorf teacher g pianisth examinee examiner 8 trans across transcontinental trans world mono one monorail monoculture super over above superstructure supernatural auto self autobiography automobile sub bad badly malpractice malnutrition mini little small minicrisis miniwar pre before prehistorical preelection ex former ex teacher ex filmer Compounding heartbeat S V brainwashing V O movie goer place V baking powder V adv far reaching V Adv dog tired adv a lion hearted adv a love sick adv a boyfriend S complement peace loving V O snap decision V O easy chair a n on coming V adv tax free adv a light blue a a goings on V adv 4 well bred well behavedculture bound homebound needle work homeworkpraiseworthy respectworthy bar woman sportswomannation wide college wide clear minded strong mindedmilitary style newstyle self control self respectbudget related politics related water proof fire proofonce fashionable once powerful news film news lettermock attack mock sadness sister in law father in lawhome baked home produced half way half doneever lasting ever green age conscious status consciouscampus based market based Conversion 7 a stomach n v b room n v c wolf n v e go v n e familiar a n f innocent a n g flat a n h ah ouch int v i warm a n j has been might have been finite v n k Hamlet proper n v l buy v n m smooth a v Blending motel motor hotel humint human intelligence advertisetics advertisement statistics psywarrior psychological warrior hoverport hovercraft port chunnel channel tunnel hi fi high fidelity cinemactress cinema actress Clipping copter helicopter dorm dormitory lab laboratory prefab prefabricated house gas gasoline prof professor scope telescope champ champion sarge sergeant mike microphone ad advertisement tec detective Acronymy 2 kg kilogramft footcf confer cm centimeter dollar ibid ibidemetc et cetera VIP very important person OPEC Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries TOEFL teaching of English as a foreign language 3 a SALT b radar c AIDS d BASIC e Laser f WHO g sonar h G man Backformation 2 lase laser escalate escalator babysit babysitter peeve peevish orate orator commute commuter Commonization of Proper Names a tantalize Tantalus b Argus eyed Argus c narcissism Narcissus d sabotage sabots e martinet Martinet f yahoo Yahoo g Shylock Shylock h hoovering Hoover i utopia Utopia j Uncle Tommism Uncle Tom Chapter 5 6 apes bbirds a cattle mcricket n doves cfoxes j geese ksheep f wolves gmonkeys e pigs lhyenas h turkeys dswans i 9 a Ascientist working in a project to develop industrial uses for nuclear power might have all the positive associations with atomic such as benefit energy etc b A Japanese resident of Hiroshima victim of the atomic explosion at the end of World War II might have all the negative associations with atomic suchas suffering killing death horror etc c To a student of nuclear physics atomic might be associated with mystery science knowledge etc 10 talkative implying a fondness for talking frequently and at length neutral articulate expressing oneself easily and clearly positive gossip indulging in idle talk or rumours about others negative rambling talking aimlessly without connection of ideas negative fluent speaking easily smoothly and expressively positive mouthy overtly talkative especially in a rude way nagative 11 NoAppreciativeNeutralPejorative 1particularfastidious fussy 2criticalfault finding picky 3style voguefad 4artfulcunning sly 5unstablefickle capricious 6developingunderdeveloped backward 7encourage promoteinstigate 8groupclique gang 14 bull HUMAN MALE ADULT BOVINE cow HUMAN MALE ADULT BOVINE calf HUMAN MALE ADULT BOVINE rooster HUMAN MALE ADULT GALLINE hen HUMAN MALE ADULT GALLINE chicken HUMAN MALE ADULT GALLINE HUMAN bullcowcalf BOVINE roosterhenchicken GALLINE MALE MALE ADULT Chapter 6 Polysemy 4 Homonymy 4 1 Make both ends meat is a parody of make both ends meet which means have enough money for one s needs Here the butcher cleverly uses the pair of homonyms meat and meet to make a pun It makes a proper answer to thelady s question 1 Butchers cannot make both ends meat make whole sausages with all meat because they cannot make both ends meet If theymade sausages with all meat which is more costly they would not earnenough money to survive 2 Don t complain All the butchers do the same I am not the only one who is making sausages with bread 2 Swallow is a bird which is seen in summer But by one swallow we see we cannot deduce that it is already summer time Swallow can also mean a mouthful of wine On a cold winter day if one has a swallow of wine onemay feel warm 3 arms has two meanings weapons the human upper limbs Since a cannon ball took off his legs the soldier was not able to fight on so he laid downhis arms which means surrender It can also mean he laid down his upperlimbs Synonymy 3 avaricious greedy courteously politely emancipate set free customary usual width breadth adversary opponent gullible deceived remainder residue innocent sinless obstacle obstruction vexation annoyance 5 a identifiableb safety c motivatesd delicate e surroundingsf artificial g prestigeh perspire i accomplishmentj silent k impressivel evaporate 6 runmovespin turnwhirlroll 7 a steadb gee geec ripe d maturee effectivef efficient g fatigued childrenh tired kids i declinedj refusedk rancid l addledm Penaltiesn fines o rebukedp accused Antonymy 5 a similar sameb safe c sharp smartd send e stingy selfishh simple f significant sensiblei sure g skeptical suspiciousl smooth j slipshod slovenly sloppy k sleepiness sleep slumber m subjective n sob scowl 6 a old fashionedb completely c moistured special e essentialf similarity g innocenth rigid i loosenj clarity k desertedl fruitful m peremptoryn depressed o indifferent 7 a feed starve cold feverb wisdom follies c haste leisured penny pound wise foolish e speech silencef absence presence g admonish praisei wise men fools h young oldprivate public saint devil j mind bodyk foul fair l danger securitym deliberate prompt n children parentso bully coward p head tail 8 right wrongsingle return dry sweethard easy strong faintrough calm light darkcold warm high low deep Hyponymy 3 furniture desk chair table bed matter liquid gas solid meat pork beef mutton go run fly walk 4 professionworkplace surgeon clinic hospital plumber house building lawyer office law courts mechanic garage photographer studio foreman worksite factory 5 6 In Sentence 1 got furniture recently are superordinates because they are general and convey a very vague idea whereas in Sentence 2 the three words are replaced respectively by bought cupboard three days ago which are subordinates conveying a definite and clear idea So Sentence 2 is better than Sentence 1 In 3 it is said magnificent building destroyed yesterday are superordinate terms which are comparatively much more general than the news says Royal Hotel burnt down last night respectively in 4 which can be described as subordinates Since 4 is clearer than 3 in meaning it is better Semantic field 3 Group 1 is synonymously semantic field and Group 2 is semantic filed The difference lies In 1 the words are synonyms none of them covers the meaning of another and they differ only in style and emotive values In 2 the words are not synonyms but each refers to a specific type of horse Horse is a cover term or superordinate and others are subordinates These terms have no difference in style or affective meaning Chapter 7 4 1 extension2 extension 3 narrowing4 degradation 5 elevation6 narrowing 7 extension8 extension 9 narrowing10 elevation 11 narrowing12 degradation 13 degradation14 degradation BEDROOM mattress dressing gown clothes pyjamas carpet rug mirrorcomb hairbrush pillows sheets blanket s sleepers dressingtable wardrob bed 5 a associated transfer b abstract to concrete c abstract to concrete d abstract to concrete e abstract to concrete f abstract of concrete g associated transfer h associated transfer i synesthesia j synesthesia 6 a objectiveb subjective objective c objectived subjective e subjectivef subjective g subjectiveh subjective objective 7 a dieb graveyard c bedlam 疯人院d old people e strikef Policeman g stupid pupilh poor people i toiletj fat person k unemployed mother Chapter 8 2 a to repair b measurement and determination of one s position c predicament d injection a a single complete dividing part of a rocket b the theatre or acting as a profession c a particular point or period in a process of development d to plan arrange and carry out a interchange and discussion of ideas esp for mutual understanding or harmony b conversation c a written conversation of a play etc 3 a synonym b explanation definition c antonym d example e relevant details f relevant details g relevant details 4 a stop people drinking stop drinking by themselves b a stone house which is big a house built of big stones c a picture possessed by Betty a photograph of Betty d aunts who are visiting paying a visit to aunts e take Jane as his wife preside over Jane s wedding f a weapon that can fly over long distance and that it explodes when it hits the thing it aims at an object that is thrown at somebody in order to hurt him Chapter 9 6 a 2 b 9 c 3 d 6 e 1 f 8 g 5 h 4 i 7 j 10 7 a stand out against b approve of c get over with d looking into e up with ply with g cashed in on h go without i to profit by from j dut down to 8 a cool cat a really calm person blow one s stack lose control over oneself fly off the handle become excessively angry what s more furthermore get away with commit an illegitimate act without penalty of course naturally get on get old pepper and salt grey hair make up for compensate for lost time time wasted take it easy relax not worry get up rise from bed turn in go into bed take care of manage or look after like a breeze without effort or easily time off time for rest get it made be successful this is it be in a position or place or have possession of an object beyond which more of the same is unnecessary Sam is really a calm person He never loses control of himself and hardly ever becomes too angry Furthermore he knows how to manage his business financially by using a few tricks Needless to say he too is getting older His hair is beginning to turn grey but he knows how to compensate for wasted time by relaxing He rises early exercises and goes to bed early He manages his frankfurter dispensary without visible effort until it is someone else s turn to work there Sam is successful he has reached his life s goal 9 a Well it s the old story of the stitch in time he said A stitch in time saves nine b Fleur s head was lost in the tool box but her voice was heard saying Too many cooks better let me Too many cooks spoil the broth c But not many other people held that view discerning his finger still very large in every pie so much so that there often seemed less pie than finger have a finger in the pie d I m thinking of putting up a Silence is golden placard in his office Nobody can hear themselves think Speech is silver silence is golden e They four had one likeness their appearance and their work was as it were a wheel in the middle of a wheel wheel within wheels f He quotes them extensively nevertheless together with other equally suspect evidence because otherwise he would have no straw with which to make his bricks make bricks without straw 10 wind and weatherwheeling and dealing waifs and straystown and gown top and tailtime after time rules and regulationsrise and fall rags and tatterspuff and blow pick and shovelpeace and quiet over and aboveone and only off and onneck and neck shoulder to shouldermoan and groan milk and waterman and beast 11 a 好奇伤身 b 闻声知鸟 闻言知人 c 种瓜得瓜 种豆得豆 d 美貌只是一层皮 不可以貌取人 e 良药苦口 f 谨慎是安全之本 g 子为人之父 从小看大 h 不满是前进的第一步 不满就是进步的开始 i 入乡随俗 j 吃一堑 长一智