综合商务英语(3)unit2.doc

综合商务英语（3）UNIT TWOmade all the difference: to have an important effect on sb/sth; to make sb feel better 关系重大，大不相同，使更好受eg. A few kind words at the right time make all the difference. 在适当的时候说几句体贴话，效果迥然不同。make a/no/some/difference (to/in sb/sth): to have an/no/some/ effect on sb/sth 有（或没有，有些等）作用，关系，影响eg. 转学对我的一生有着重大的影响。Changing schools made a big difference to my life. medication: a drug or another form of medicine that you take to prevent or to treat an illness. 药，药物to be on medication 进行药物治疗pair up: to come together or to bring two people together to work, play a game, etc.使俩人结组工作（或游戏等）eg. They asked us to pair up with the person next to us and form teams.the pressure-cooker variables 高压变量 pressure-cooker: 压力锅pull himself away from:1)pull away (from sth): (of a vehicle) to start moving 开动They waved as the bus pulled away. 公共汽车开动时他们挥手告别。2)pull away from sb/sth: if you pull away from someone/something that you have had close links with, you deliberately become less close to them.使脱身She tried to pull away from the man who was holding her.pull out: (of vehicle or its driver) to move away from the side of the road 驶离路边，驶出 pull sth down: to destroy a building completely 拆毁，摧毁（建筑物） SYN demolishpull through (sth): 1)to get better after a serious illness, operation, etc.（大病，手术等候）复原（或康复）2)to succeed in doing sth very difficult 完成（十分困难的事）pull together: to act, work, etc. together with other people in an organized way and without fighting 齐心协力，通力合作pull yourself together: to take control of your feelings and behave in a calm way 使自己镇定自若（或冷静）be bound to do/be sth: be certain or likely to happen, or to do or be sth 一定会，很可能会eg. There are bound to be changes when the new system is introduced. 引起新系统后一定会发生变化。Its bound to be sunny again tomorrow.明天肯定又是阳光灿烂。for all: despite, in spite of 尽管，虽然eg. For all his wealth and fame, he is lonely. 虽然他有钱有名，但很孤独。For all its clarity of style, the book is not easy reading.这本书虽然文体清晰，但读起来并不容易。respiratory: adj. 呼吸的 (P28)SARS: Severe Acute Respiratory Syndromes 严重急性呼吸综合征 传染性非典型肺炎gripe v. (informal, derog) to complain about sb/sth in an annoying way 诉苦，发牢骚 (P28)eg. He keeps griping about having no money. 他不断地抱怨自己没钱。n. (informal) a complaint about sth 怨言，牢骚eg. Bring all your gripes to the boss. 你跟老板抱怨去。drive sb nuts: to make sb very angry, crazy, etc. or to make them do sth extreme使某人生气，发疯eg. 1)My children always drive me nuts when they are tired and in a bad mood. 2)Johns girlfriend keeps driving him nuts because she always asks him questions when he gets home from the bar.consistent: adj. OPP inconsistent1)(approving)alwaysbehavinginthesameway, orhavingthesameopinions,standards,etc 一致的；始终如一的Shesnotveryconsistentinthewayshe treatsherchildren.她对待孩子反复无常。2)happeninginthesamewayandcontinuingfor aperiodoftime连续，持续的apatternofconsistentgrowthintheeconomy 经济持续增长的模式3)inagreementwithsth;not contradictingsth与一致的；相符的；符合的；不矛盾的Theresultsareentirelyconsistentwithour earlierresearch.这些结果与我们早些时候的研究完全吻合。flash v. flash sb a smile/look, etc.: to smile, look, etc. at sb suddenly and quickly 向某人微微一笑（或瞥一眼）flashby/past:(of time)togoveryquickly飞逝Themorninghasjustflashedby.这个上午转眼就过去了。flashonsb:ifsthflashesonyou,yousuddenlyrealizeit突然意识到，猛然领悟 ItflashedonmethathewasthemanIdseeninthehotel.我顿时认出他就是我在旅馆里看到的那个人。Dontyoudare!: (informal)usedtotellsb stronglynottodosth（让人绝不要做某事）你敢，谅你不敢“ Illtellheraboutit.”“Dontyoudare!” “我要把这事告诉她.”“你敢！”Dontyoudaresayanythingtoanybody. 谅你不敢对任何人提起这事。undiagnosed: adj. of a medical condition, a problem, etc.; not having been identified 未确诊的，尚未找出原因的mindful: adj. (formal) remembering sb/sth and considering them or it when you do sth 记着，考虑到 SYN consciousMindful of the danger of tropical storms, I decided not to go out. 想到热带风暴的危险，我决定不出门。darken: v.1)to become dark, to make sth dark（使）变暗，变黑The sky began to darken as the storm approached. 暴风雨来临时天空变得黑沉沉的。2)to make sb unhappy or angry, to become unhappy or angry （使）忧郁，生气，不快This tragedy darkened his later life. 这场悲剧给他后来的岁月蒙上了阴影。Her mood darkened at the news. 听到这个消息，她的心情暗淡起来。at work: 1) having an effect on sth 起作用eg. She suspected that secret influences were at work.她怀疑有些秘密势力在作祟。2) (on sth): busy doing sth忙着（做某事）He is still at work on the paintings.他仍在忙着画那幅画。safeguard:v. toprotect sth/sbfromloss,harmordamage;tokeep sth/sbsafe保护，捍卫Theleafletexplainshowtosafeguardagainstdangersinthehome.小册子告诉人们在家里如何防备各种危险。n. somethingthatisdesignedtoprotectpeoplefrom harm,risk or danger 安全设施，保护措施Strongerlegalsafeguardsareneededtoprotecttheconsumer.需要有更有力的法律措施来保护消费者。erect: v. 1)tocreateorestablishsth创立，设立toerecttradebarriers设置贸易壁垒2)to putsthinpositionandmakeitstandvertical树立搭起(SYNput sth up)Policehadtoerectbarrierstokeepcrowdsback.警察得设立路障来阻截人群。3)(formal)tobuildsth建立；建造Thechurchwaserectedin1582.此教堂建于1582年adj.(formal)inaverticalpositionSYNstraight垂直的；竖直的；直立的Standwithyourarmsbyyoursideandyour headerect.手放两边，昂首站立。come down to: to be able to be explained by a single important point 可归结为；可归纳为What it comes down to is, either I get more money or I leave. 归结起来就是：不给我加薪，我就辞职。take a heavy toll on sb/sth; take its toll on sb/sth: to have a bad effect on sb/sth; to cause a lot of damage, deaths, suffering, etc. 产生恶果，造成重大损失（或伤亡，灾难等）eg. Therecessionistakingitstollonthehousing markets. 经济衰退使住房市场遭受着重大损失。Illnesshadtakenaheavytollonher.疾病对她的身体造成极大的损害。toll: n.1)moneythatyoupaytouseaparticularroad orbridge（道路，桥梁的）通行费motorwaytolls高速公路通行费 2)theamountofdamageorthe number of deaths and injuries that are caused in a particular war,disaster,etc.（战争，灾难等造成的）毁坏，伤亡人数Theofficialdeathtollhasnowreached7,000. 官方公布的死亡人数人现已达 7000人。3)thesoundofabellringingwithslow regularstrokes（缓慢而有规律的）钟声v.whenabelltollsorsbtollsit,itisrung slowlymanytimes, especiallyas a sign that sb has died.（缓慢而有规律的）敲钟；（尤指）鸣（丧钟）Hemingways For Whom the Bell Tolls丧钟为谁而鸣gnaw: v. 1) (away) (at/on sth) to keep biting sth or chewing it hard, so that it gradually disappears 咬，啃 (P28)She gnawed at her fingernails. 她咬手指甲。gnaw at sb:（长时间）折磨某人The problem had been gnawing at him for months. 几个月来这问题一直折磨着他。gnawing: adj. making you feel worried over a period of time 折磨人的 令人痛苦的gnawing doubts 令人痛苦的疑虑circumvent: v. (formal)1)to find a way of avoiding a difficulty or a rule 设法回避；规避They found a way of circumventing the law. 他们找到了规避法律的途径。2)to go or travel around sth that is blocking your way 绕过，绕行，绕道旅行 circumvention n. hush: v. 1)(used especially in orders) to be quiet; to stop talking or crying 安静，别说话Hush now and try to sleep. 別出声了，睡吧2)to make sb/sth become quieter; to make sb stop talking, crying, etc. 使安静下来；使停止说话（或叫喊等）n. a period of silence, especially following a lot of noise, or when people are expecting sth to happen 寂静，鸦雀无声There was a deathly hush in the theatre. 剧院里一片寂静。barrage: n.1)the continuous firing of a large number of guns in a particular direction, especially to protect soldiers while they are attacking or moving towards the enemy 火力网；弹幕射击；（尤指）掩护炮火2)a large number of sth, such as questions or comments, that are directed at sb very quickly, one after the other, often in an aggressive way 接二连三的一大堆（质问或指责等）a barrage of questions/criticisms/complaints 连珠炮似的问题，批评，抱怨gain ground: 1) to become more successful 取得优势 变得成功eg. It was feared that the right would gain ground in the election.人们担心右翼势力会在选举中得势。2）if an idea, belief etc gains ground, more people start to accept it (信仰 主张等)普及，流行eg. 他的理论渐渐被学者们接受了。His theories gradually gained ground among academics.lose ground: to become less successful compared with someone or something you are competing with 失去优势 失利somatic: adj. of or relating to the soma 身体的，肉体的（与 mental, spiritual, psychic相对）(P28)soma: n.the body of an organism, esp an animal 生物躯体somatic cells 体细胞gross: adj. (grosser, grossest)1)being the total amount of sth before anything is taken away 总的；毛的gross weight (= including the container or wrapping) 毛重Investments showed a gross profit of 26%.投资毛利为 26%。2)(formal or law) (of a crime, etc.) very obvious and unacceptable严重的gross negligence/misconduct 严重过失，渎职a gross violation of human rights 严重违反人权3)(informal) very unpleasant 令人不快的；令人恶心的；使人厌恶的 “He ate it with mustard.” “Oh, gross!” “他用芥末拌着吃。”“啊，真恶心！”adv. in total, before anything is taken away 总共；全部She earns 25, 000 a year gross. 她一年总收入为 25000 英镑。prod: v.1)to push sb/ sth with your finger or with a pointed object; 戳，捅(P28) SYNpokeSheproddedhimintheribstowakehimup.她用手指杵他的肋部把他叫醒。2)totryto makesbdosth,especiallywhentheyare unwilling 催促；督促；鼓动Shefinallyproddedhimintoaction.她终于鼓动他行动起来。n. 1)theactofpushingsbwithyourfingerorwitha pointedobject戳；杵；捅 Shegavehimasharpprodwithherumbrella.她用雨伞使劲捅了他一下。2)(informal)anactofencouragingsborof remindingsbtodosth 催促，鼓励，Iftheyhaventrepliedbynextweek,youll havetocallthemand givethemaprod. 如果下周他们还没答复，你就打电话催催他们。obese: adj. (formal) or (medical) (of people) very fat, in a way that is not healthy 肥肿的，虛胖的，病态肥胖的obesity n. Obesity can increase the risk of heart disease. 肥胖会增加患心脏病的危险。onetime (one-time): adj. 1) former 原先的，一度的her onetime best friend 她以前的闺蜜 2) not to be repeated 一次性的 一切全包的a one-time fee of $500 500元的一次性总费用undo: v.1)to open sth that is fastened, tied or wrapped 打开；解开；拆开to undo a button/knot/zip 解开纽扣，绳结，拉开拉锁I undid the package and took out the books. 我打开包裹取出书来。2)to cancel the effect of sth 消除，取消，废止（某事的影响）Its not too late to try and undo some of the damage. 想办法补救部分损失还为时不晚。3)(formal) to make sb/sth fail 打败；挫败eg. The team was undone by the speed and strength of their opponents. 这个队被对手的速度和体力打败了。name-calling: n. the act of using rude or insulting words about sb 辱骂cue: n. an action or event that is a signal for sb to do sth 暗示，提示，信号This is a cue for me to beg him. 这是让我求他的暗示。v. to give sb a signal so they know when to start doing sth给（某人）暗示（或提示）Can you cue me when you want me to begin speaking? 你要我开始讲话时能给我暗示一下么？immune: adj. 1)thatcannotcatchorbeaffectedby aparticulardiseaseorillness有免疫力的AdultsareoftenimmunetoGermanmeasles. 成人往往对风疹有免疫力。2)notaffectedbysth不受影响的你终究会变得不在乎批评了。Youlleventuallybecomeimmunetocriticism.3)protectedfromsthandtherefore abletoavoidit受保护，免除，豁免 SYN exemptNooneshouldbeimmunefromprosecution.任何人都不应免于被起诉。bereave: v. if sb is bereaved, a relative or close friend has just died（死亡等）使丧失（亲人等）(P28)bereaved: adj.(formal) havinglostarelativeorclosefriendwhohasrecentlydied丧失亲友的recentlybereavedfamilies刚刚痛失亲人的家庭the bereaved: n. (pl.the bereaved)apersonwhoisbereaved死者的亲友anorganizationofferingcounselingforthebereaved为死者亲友提供辅导的组织oddly: adv.1)used to show that sth is surprising 令人奇怪地；令人惊奇地 SYN surprisinglyOddly enough, the most expensive tickets sold fastest. 奇怪极了，最貴的票居然卖得最快。2)in a strange or unusual way 古怪地；怪异地；反常地 SYN strangelyShes been behaving very oddly lately. 她最近行为极其反常dryly (drily): adv.1)in a way that shows no emotion 冷冰冰地；冷淡地；不动感情地He smiled drily and leaned back in his chair. 他冷冷地笑了笑，随即便靠在椅背上。2)If sb speaks drily, they are being humorous, but not in an obvious way 幽默而不形于色地“Well, at least its not purple,” she commented drily. “嗯，它至少不是紫色的。”她不动声色地幽默了一句。3)in a way that shows that there is no liquid present 干燥地She coughed drily. 她干咳着。fated: unable to escape a particular fate ; certain to happen because everything is controlled by fate 命中注定的；命运決定的 SYN destinedHe believes that everything in life is fated. 他相信生命中的一切都是注定的。ill-fated: adj. not luckily and ending sadly, especially in death or failure注定要倒霉的，时运不济的，（尤指）结局悲惨的languish: v.