可数名词不可数名词专讲

精品文库初中英语可数名词和不可数名词专讲一、名词：名词是所有事物的名称，包括人、物及抽象概念。名词分为普通名词和专有名词两大类。名词在句子中作主语，宾语或表语等。 1. 专有名词 : 专有名词是某些人、事物、机构、组织等特有的名称。主要包括：人名、地名、国名、党派名称等。如：Churchill（丘吉尔）、Tokyo（东京）、China（中国）等。Guangzhou，Mike，UNESCO， 一般情况下第一个字母要大写，前面不加定冠词the。2普通名词 普通名词是某类人、事件、物体和抽象概念的名称。根据所指代物体的特征，普通名词又可分为以下四类： 个体名词: 表示人或物体中可以数清的单个体。如：student（学生）、pen（钢笔）、bird（鸟）等。 B集体名词: （即集合名词）表示由个体组成的集合体。如：people（人民）、police（警察）、family（家庭）、class等 C物质名词: 表示构成物体物质的不可数名词，或表示无法分为个体的物质的名词。如：water（水）、air（空气）、wood（木头）、milk（牛奶）等。 D抽象名词 : 表示动作、状态、品质、情感等非具体化的抽象概念。如：work（工作）、peace（和平）、love（爱）等。 一般来说，个体名词和集体名词多为可数名词，物质名词和抽象名词多为不可数名词。二、可数名词和不可数名词。 一) 不可数名词 不可数名词意味着这些名词只能是单数，没有复数形式，不能与数目字如one, two等连用，也不能加不定冠词a(n)。不可数名词没有单数、复数之分，但我们在生活中有时候又必需给这些词计量，我们于是采用这种方法： a+表示这些东西的单位+of+不可数名词 如：a cup of tea，a box of milk，a piece of paper等。 如果为了表示多个的概念，我们就将表示这些东西的单位变成复数即可。如：a cup of tea-3 cups of tea，a box of milk-12 boxes of milk，A piece of paper-100 pieces of paper *需要注意的是，a. 当物质名词转化为个体名词时为可数。 比较：Cake is a kind of food. 蛋糕是一种食物。 （不可数）These cakes are sweet. 这些蛋糕很好吃。 （可数） b. 当物质名词表示该物质的种类时，可数。例如： This factory produces steel. （不可数）We need various steels. （可数）c. 当物质名词表示份数时，可数。例如：Our country is famous for tea. 我国因茶叶而闻名。 Two teas, please. 请来两杯茶。 2） 抽象名词表示具体的事例时也可数。例如： four freedoms 四大自由 the four modernizations四个现代化注意事项： 1不可数名词没有复数变化，不能用a，an，但可用the，或不用冠词，如：bread is the usual breakfast. 2虽然不可数名词没有复数变化，但量词超过一时要加复数。 如：three cups of coffee, five bottles of water 3有量词修饰时注意名词是否可数，不可数时用单数，可数时用复数，如：ten bags of rice- ten baskets of eggs二) 可数名词: 一般来说个体名词和集体名词可以用数目来计算，称为可数名词。可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。 例如: a book, two books, a student, three students, a family, many families。 名词单数变复数变化如下： 1词尾直接加 s 如：cat-cats bag-bags daydays friendfriends; catcats; stylestyles; sportsports; piecepieces2以 s, x, sh, ch结尾的词加 es 如：class-classes match-matches box- boxes dish - dishes 例：busbuses;foxfoxes;matchmatches;flashflashes；boxboxes; watchwatches; actressactresses;classclasses;coach（长途车） coaches;dressdresses;sandwichsandwiches;toothbrushtoothbrushes;waitress（女侍者）waitresses3以辅音加 y结尾的词变 y为 i, 加 es. 如：candycandies;daisy（雏菊）daisies;fairyfairies;ladyladies;storystoriesstrawberrystrawberries;babybabies;puppypuppies;librarylibraries;dictionarydictionaries;cherrycherries;activityactivities,countrycountries,flyflies.元音加 y结尾的词直接加 s, 如: party-parties city-cities story-stories boy- toys monkey- monkeys key- keys holiday-holidays等. 4以 f或 fe 结尾的词, 变 f或 fe 为 v, 加 es, 如knifeknives; lifelives; leafleaves; scarf（围巾）scarves 口诀：树叶半数自己黄，妻子拿刀去杀牛；架后窜出一只狼，就像小偷逃命忙。 解释：leaf（树叶）half（一半）self（自己）wife（妻子） knife（刀子）calf （小牛）shelf （架子）wolf（狼）thief（小偷）life（生命）但是，也有例外。口诀：海湾农奴信酋长，悬崖证据上顶房。在这些词中，由单数变复数时，直接在词尾加-s构成，即：海湾（gulf-gulfs）农奴（serf-serfs）信（belief-beliefs）酋长（chief-chiefs），悬崖（cliff-cliffs）证据（proof-proofs）上顶房（即房顶、屋顶roof-roofs）5以辅音加o结尾的词常加 es, 如: tomatoes, potatoes, heroes. 元音加 o结尾直接加 S. 如:radios, zoos, pianos. 特殊情况: photos 以-o结尾的名词，如果不是外来词或缩写词，就加-es，否则加-s构成复数。 （有生命的加es，无生命的加s） 口诀：黑人和英雄吃土豆和西红柿 negroes and heroes eat tomatoes and potatoes反例：radioradios，pianopianos（外来词）;photophotos;zoo-zoos，bamboo-bamboos，kimono-kimonos部分单词的单复数同形口诀：中日警察好友来聚会，鹿、羊、鱼、牛齐齐把家回。 解释：Chinese, Japanese ,police，people， deer, sheep, fish ，cattle 但除人民币的元、角、分外，美元、英镑、法郎等都有复数形式。 如：a dollar, two dollars; a meter, two meters。 在英语名词复数中，表示（某）国人的名词复数有些加S,有些又不加，学生常常会出错。这里有一条顺口溜就能帮助学生解决这一问题。口诀：它是：“中日瑞不变，英法都要变，其他国人加S。如Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese, Swiss-Swiss Englishman- Englishmen, American-Americans German-Germans. 极少数单词，其复数形式没有任何规律。 口诀：男士、女士a变e； 鹅牙脚双o变双e; 孩子们想去天安门， 原形后面r、 e 、n; 老鼠虱子本爱牛， mouse, louse和ox. 解释：goose-geese; mouse-mice; foot-feet. man-men; woman-women; tooth-teeth; foot-feet，child-children，louse-lice，ox-oxen另一些名词则以复数词出现的机会较多例clothes;shoes(鞋子)、sunglasses(太阳镜)、shorts短裤;scissors剪刀;spectacles眼镜;shears大剪刀trousers长裤;wages工资 I初写出下例名词的复数形式1、monkey_monkeys_2、boy_boys_3、duck_ducks_4、house_houses_5、bus_buses_6、lady_ladies_7、sheep_sheep_8、deer_deer_9、child_children_10、foot_feet_11、tomato_tomatoes_12、roof_roofs_13、desk_desks_14、window_windows_15、pencil_pencils_16、dish_dishes_17、film_films_18、day_days_19、plane_planes_20、month_months_21、inch_inches_22、village_villages_23、city_cities_24、family_families_25、knife_knives_26、people_people_27、man_men_28、thief_thieves_29、chinese_chinese_30、glass_glasses_ II.选择填空： 1The deer has four _. A. foot B. feet C. feets D. foots 2Her two brothers are both _. A. policeman B. policemans C. policemen D. policemens 3There are four _ and two _ in the group. A. Japanese, Germen B. Japaneses, Germen C. Japanese, Germans 4Two _ would come to the village. A. woman-doctors B. women doctor C. women doctors D. woman doctors 5Can you see nine _ in the picture? A. sheep B. dog C. pig D. horse 6The _ has two _. A. boys, watches B. boy, watch C. boy, watches D. boys, watch 7The boy often brushes his _ before he goes to bed. A. tooth B. tooths C. teeth D. teeths 8The Japanese _ will not leave China until she finishes her study. A. woman B. women C. man D. men 9There are lots of _ in the basket on the table. A. tomatos B. tomato C. tomatoes D. tomatoss 10. The cat caught two _ last night. A. mouses B. mice C. mouse D. mices 参考答案：KEYS:B C C C A C C A C B III.用所给名词的适当形式填空。 1. How many_(sheep) are there on the hill? 2. There is some_(food) in the basket. 3. The baby has only two_(tooth) now. 4. There is a lot of_(water) in the bottle. 5. There are five_(people ) in his family. 6. Lets take_(photo), OK? 7. I have lots of_(tomato) here. 8. The_(leaf) on the tree turn-yellow. 9. The_(child) are playing games on the playground now. 10. Their_(dictionary) look new. 11. I see you have a few white_(hair). 12. They are_(woman) doctors. 13. Can you give me some bottles of _ (orange), please? 14. There are many_(fox) in the picture. 15. I would like some apple_(juice). I am very thirsty. 参考答案： 1. sheep 2. food 3. teeth 4. water 5. people 6. photos 7. tomatoes 8. leaves 9. children 10. dictionaries 11. hair, hairs 12. women 13. orange 14. foxes 15. JuiceHowmany和howmuch的用法这两个字虽然都是，很多的意思，但many后面是接可数名词，而much后面是接不可数名词一、所修饰词的不同 how many用来修饰可数名词的复数， 它的句式是:How many+复数名词+一般疑问句? how much用来修饰不可数名词，表示数量，也可单独使用。 二、 how many的用法 1.对there be句型中主语的数量如:some, five, only one等提问时,如果主语是可数名 词,不管主语是单数还是复数一般都用复数形式提问,因为问话人不知道具体的数量是多 少,而且many只能接可数名词复数形式,所以be一定要用are. 即用How many+可数名词复数+are there+地点/时间状语?的句型结构. 例如: （1） There is a book on the desk. (用how many改为特殊疑问句) How many books are there on the desk? (2)There are seven days in a week. (对划线部分进行提问) How many days are there in a week? 记忆口诀 how many在句首,名词复数跟着走,一般问句紧相随,其它成分不要丢. 2. how much的用法 （1）用来询问事物的数量，后接不可数名词。例如： How much milk is there in the glass?玻璃杯里有多少牛奶？ （2）用来询问事物的重量。例如：How much does the pig weigh?这头猪多重？Eighty kilos.八十公斤。 （3）how much 意为“多少钱”时，可单独使用，也可构成词组how much money，但英 语中常省略money，用来询问某物的价钱、价格。 （注意：how much询问价格时，它的回答若是中国的货币单位应采用汉语拼音yuan,fen 来表示，几角常采用几十分来表示，字母用小写，且不用复数。例如： How much is the eraser?这块橡皮擦多少钱？Ninety two fen.九角二分。（4）用来询问数字计算的结果，相当于what。例如：Howmuchisthreeplusone?三加一等于多少？Itsfour.等于四。3、some和any的区别some用于肯定句，any用于否定句和疑问句2.some可用于征求意见的句型:Wouldyoulikesomebread?Whynot.?Whatabut.?Couldyou.?I初写出下例名词的复数形式1、monkey_2、boy_3、duck_ _ _4、house _5、bus_6、lady_7、sheep_ _8、deer_9、child_10、foot_ _11、tomato_12、roof_13、desk_ _14、window_ 15、pencil_ _16、dish_ _17、film_ _18、day_ 19、plane_ _20、month_ 21、inch_ 22、village_23、city _24、family_ 25、knife_26、people_27、man_ _28、thief _29、chinese_ 30、glass_ II.选择填空： 1The deer has four _. A. foot B. feet C. feets D. foots 2Her two brothers are both _. A. policeman B. policemans C. policemen D. policemens 3There are four _ and two _ in the group. A. Japanese, Germen B. Japaneses, Germen C. Japanese, Germans 4Two _ would come to the village. A. woman-doctors B. women doctor C. women doctors D. woman doctors 5Can you see nine _ in the picture? A. sheep B. dog C. pig D. horse 6The _ has two _. A. boys, watches B. boy, watch C. boy, watches D. boys, watch 7The boy often brushes his _ before he goes to bed. A. tooth B. tooths C. teeth D. teeths 8The Japanese _ will not leave China until she finishes her study. A. woman B. women C. man D. men 9There are lots of _ in the basket on the table. A. tomatos B. tomato C. tomatoes D. tomatoss 10. The cat caught two _ last night. A. mouses B. mice C. mouse D. mices III.用所给名词的适当形式填空。 1. How many_(sheep) are there on the hill? 2. There is some_(food) in the basket. 3. The baby has only two_(tooth) now. 4. There is a lot of_(water) in the bottle. 5. There are five_(people ) in his family. 6. Lets take_(photo), OK? 7. I have lots of_(tomato) here. 8. The_(leaf) on the tree turn-yellow. 9. The_(child) are playing games on the playground now. 10. Their_(dictionary) look new. 11. I see you have a few white_(hair). 12. They are_(woman) doctors. 13. Can you give me some bottles of _ (orange), please? 14. There are many_(fox) in the picture. 15. I would like some apple_(juice). I am very thirsty. howmany和howmuch、some/any练习题一some,any填空：1.Idonthave_milk. 2.Thereis_waterintheglass.3.Dotheyhave_friendsinChina? 4.Iwanttobuy_vegetables.5.Howabout_ideas?二用many,much填空：1.How_isthatskirt? 2.How_peoplearethereinyourfamily?3.How_ricedoyouneed? 4.Ihave_toysinmyhouse.5.How_breadisthereinthebox?三句型转化：（注意some的转变）1.Ihavesomebooks.(否定句，一般疑问句，及回答)2.Therearesomeknivesinthepencil-box.(同上)3.Shehassomerulersinthedesk.(同上)4.Therearetwobottlesofmilkinthefrige.(对划线部分进行提问)5.Iwouldlikef