小学英语教学中游戏的应用研究优秀毕业论文 参考文献 可复制黏贴.pdf

学号：2009030218 姓名：刘贵珍 联系电话email：sdsx1234 所在学院：外国语学院 山东师范大学硕士学位论文 单位代码 10445 学 号 2009030218 分 类 号 h319.3 教育硕士学位论文教育硕士学位论文 论文题目论文题目 the application of games in english teaching in primary schools 小学英语教学中游戏的应用研究 学科专业名称：学科教学学科专业名称：学科教学英语英语 申 请 人 姓 名申 请 人 姓 名 ：刘贵珍刘贵珍 导导 师师 姓姓 名：名：王王 栋栋 教授教授 论文提交时间：论文提交时间：20112011 年年 1 12 2 月月 6 6 日日 独独 创创 声声 明明 本人声明所呈交的学位论文是本人在导师指导下进行的研究工作及取得的研究 成果。据我所知，除了文中特别加以标注和致谢的地方外，论文中不包含其他人已经 发表或撰写过的研究成果，也不包含为获得 （注：如没有其他需要 特别声明的，本栏可空）或其他教育机构的学位或证书使用过的材料。与我一同工作 的同志对本研究所做的任何贡献均已在论文中作了明确的说明并表示谢意。 学位论文作者签名： 导师签字： 学位论文版权使用授权书学位论文版权使用授权书 本学位论文作者完全了解 学校学校 有关保留、使用学位论文的规定，有权保留并 向国家有关部门或机构送交论文的复印件和磁盘，允许论文被查阅和借阅。本人授权 学校学校 可以将学位论文的全部或部分内容编入有关数据库进行检索，可以采用影印、 缩印或扫描等复制手段保存、汇编学位论文。 （保密的学位论文在解密后适用本授权 书） 学位论文作者签名： 导师签字： 签字日期 2011 年 月 日 签字日期 2011 月 日 山东师范大学硕士学位论文 contents abstract .i 中文摘要 . iii chapter one introduction . 1 1.1 the origins of the study . 1 1.2 the present situation of primary school english teaching . 2 1.3 the significance of the study . 4 1.4 the structure of this thesis . 5 chapter two literature review . 7 2.1 relevant exposition and practice about games and teaching in modern times . 7 2.1.1 game teaching before froebel . 7 2.1.2 froebels game teaching . 7 2.1.3 the development of modern game teaching . 8 2.1.4 the theory and the practice of contemporary game teaching . 9 2.2 definition of games . 10 2.3 characteristics of games . 11 2.4 types of games . 12 2.4.1 different categories . 12 2.4.2 functional classification . 12 chapter three theoretical framework . 16 3.1 the characteristics of children . 16 3.1.1 cognitive development of the young learners . 16 3.1.2 psychological feature of the young learners on learning . 18 3.2 stephen krashens theories of second language acquisition . 18 3.2.1 the acquisition-learning hypothesis . 19 3.2.2 the input hypothesis . 20 3.2.3 the affective filter hypothesis . 21 3.3 howard gardeners theories of multiple-intelligences . 22 山东师范大学硕士学位论文 3.4 games in english teaching . 24 3.4.1 advantages of games . 24 3.4.2 operation of games in english teaching . 25 chapter four methodology . 31 4.1 research hypothesis . 31 4.2 research questions . 31 4.3 subjects . 31 4.4 instruments . 32 4.5 procedures . 33 chapter five results and discussion . 34 5.1 results and analysis of the experiment . 34 5.2 results and analysis of the questionnaire . 36 5.3 results and analysis of the classroom observations . 39 5.4 results and analysis of the interview with the teachers . 42 chapter six conclusion, limitations and suggestions . 45 6.1 conclusion . 45 6.2 limitations of the present study . 46 6.3 suggestions . 46 6.3.1 suggestions for teachers . 47 6.3.2 suggestions for further study . 48 bibliography . 50 appendix 1 . 53 appendix 2 . 60 appendix 3 . 61 appendix 4 . 62 acknowledgements . 66 山东师范大学硕士学位论文 i abstract as the importance of primary school english teaching is greatly highlighted by the whole society in recent years, primary english, as a compulsory course, is making itself into primary schools. there are a lot of problems arising from the field of primary school english teaching. a common phenomenon is that pupils interest in english is decreasing as their english level goes up. today, researchers have begun to look into how teaching in the classroom can be fun by using games in the teaching procedures as teaching children can be a bit difficult if no one is having fun. it is well known that the role of the teacher or trainer in childrens english language learning situations is very important. however, it calls for skills and adaptability which may, for some, be difficult to achieve. for this reason, the author does the research to illustrate the feasibility and effectiveness of games in improving pupils interest in their english learning. also, this thesis intends to give some suggestions to the primary english teachers. playing games in english teaching is one of effective ways which are suitable for the development of childrens physiological and psychological characteristics and can foster their interest. for children, the game is the life and the life is the game. playing games can foster childrens abilities, such as their intelligence, perception, social intercourse and so on. they take an active part in the games, enjoy the pleasure and happiness of learning and have a sense of achievement, which is beneficial to their lifelong learning. from the theoretical perspective of psychology, second language acquisition and multiple-intelligences, the paper introduces the significance of games in childrens english teaching. principles and features of games are given, together with a list of games, when and how to use games. the experiment was carried out in two classes of grade 4, shi yan primary school in shanxian county. the teacher used game teaching method in the experiment group, while the same teacher used traditional way of teaching in the control group. the experiment lasted four months, a term. all the students of two classes took three 山东师范大学硕士学位论文 ii english tests to explore whether students learn english through games more effectively. then questionaires, observations and interviews were presented. the findings of the study suggested that using games to teach children english is not only feasible but also an ideal way in primary schools. the games actually aroused students interest. conclusions have been drawn in this thesis as follows: both teachers and students like games; games are playing an important role in primary school english teaching. teachers should organize games well and cooperate with other teaching approaches to solve english teaching problems. meanwhile, it is necessary for primary english teachers to create new games and improve their professional development. only in this way, substantial progress can be made in the improvement of pupils interest. key words: games game teaching primary school english teaching interest 分类号：分类号： h319.3 山东师范大学硕士学位论文 iii 中文摘要 近年来，随着小学英语日益为全社会所重视，英语在小学已经成为了一门必 修课。 但是，不容乐观的是目前小学英语教学领域里存在着许多问题，最令人 担忧的是小学生对于英语的学习兴趣随着语言学习的升级有逐渐下降的趋势。 研 究人员已经开始调查如何在教学过程中运用游戏来使儿童课堂充满乐趣。 众所周 知，教师在儿童英语学习过程中起着重要作用。然而，调动学生的学习兴趣却不 是易事，需要技巧和能力。因此，作者作此研究来探讨游戏在提高小学生英语学 习兴趣中的可行性和有效性，同时希望对从事小学英语教学的教师有所裨益。 英语游戏教学是一种有效的方法，它适合儿童身心发展的特点，能培养他们 的学习兴趣。对于儿童来说，游戏就是生活，生活就是游戏。在游戏中，儿童的 各种能力可以得到培养， 例如智力， 认知和社会交往活动等。 在游戏教学活动中， 他们总是积极参与，领悟学习的喜悦，获得了成功经验的满足，这对于儿童的终 身学习是非常有益的。 本文从心理学，二语习得理论和多元智力理论角度阐明游戏在儿童英语教学 中的意义， 以及游戏的特点， 原则和在课堂教学中如何使用游戏， 何时使用游戏。 作者从单县实验小学四年级选定两个班作为实验班和控制班对比教学实验。 两个班由同一教师执教，实验班使用游戏教学法教学，而在控制班使用传统教学 法，进行为期一个学期的实验。通过三次考试结果对比分析游戏教学是否促进学 生学习的有效性。然后使用问卷调查，课堂观察和访谈法收集数据分析。从研究 结果中发现使用游戏进行儿童英语教学不仅是可行的， 而且是小学英语教学的理 想模式。游戏能培养他们的学习兴趣和激发求知欲。 最后，作者对全文进行归纳，游戏是小学英语教师和小学生都喜爱的教学活 动，游戏在小学英语教学中发挥着重要作用。教师要组织好游戏并与多种教学方 法相结合，来解决实际英语教学中出现的问题。同时，小学英语教师还应不断创 造新游戏和提升自身专业素质。只有这样，游戏教学才能不断激发小学生学习英 语的兴趣，提高他们的英语水平。 关键词：关键词： 游戏 游戏教学 小学英语教学 兴趣 分类号：分类号： h319.3 1 chapter one introduction 1.1 the origins of the study today english is one of the most important language all over the world and it is the official and working language in most countries. “the new century has witnessed the exceptional growth of china as the largest country in the field of english learning, and the number of english learners at all levels, from pupils to postgraduates, has exceeded 200 millions, half of whom were primary school pupils.” (zhang zhengdong 2003) in the autumn of 2001, the basic requirement for primary english course was issued by the national ministry of education, from then on students can learn english at their own schools from grade 3. one of the major needs for introducing a foreign language to primary school pupils is that the world is becoming more and more a global village. people of different countries and cultures need to communicate far more frequently in order to live together. world peace and advances in business and technology also depend more and more on the understanding among different people and cultures. every world citizen is faced with the abilities to live and communicate in this multilingual and multicultural society. furthermore, people need to be educated from childhood to understand about this multicultural world, and become prepared linguistically and attitudinally to be able to communicate with anyone in the world open-mindedly. in teaching english at the primary school, the first priority is to cultivate their interest in learning, motivate them to work hard, develop useful learning strategies and establish good learning habits. when they move into secondary schools , they would prepare for continuing their learning. we are teaching a foreign language at primary schools, with the purpose of educating “the whole child” instead of only teaching them the language. if a child hates learning english, you would not expect him/her to learn it well, so he/she would not have any interest after he/she moves to the secondary school. experience shows that so long as we have a specific purpose, adopt appropriate approach, and provide effective teachers, primary schooling is a key 山东师范大学硕士学位论文 2 period to broaden their minds, develop pupils intelligence and ideation and help them to form good learning habits. english education is a systematic project whose different stages are linked to each other just like rings on a chain. on this chain, primary school is a special ring since it is the starting point and foundation for others. therefore, whether it is solid or not certainly will be related to the chains overall effect. it is urgent to explore a useful english teaching method to suit the childrens characteristics and cognitive development. also it is important to create an appropriate surrounding , so that they can learn english easily and pleasantly. language learning is hard. at every moment effort is required and must be maintained for a long time. a good method can motivate the students interest in learning easily. it has been found that children have a great need to be motivated by the teacher or the material, and they are easier to be motivated. how to improve the pupils interest and teachers teaching competence is a critical problem. it is quite important to select suitable methods to teach children. 1.2 the present situation of primary school english teaching a typical traditional passive class is a teacher-centered class. the examination-oriented system has influenced education in our country. the teachers explain every language point in detail in english classes, while students take notes all the time, besides, a great deal of exercises require students memorizing vocabulary and grammar rules. recently students interest in english has been decreasing. the experiment liu zhaoyan (2002: 15) did will give us some ideas. table1.1: the development of students interest with strong interest with some interest with descending interest no interest at all 26% 24% 49% 1% 山东师范大学硕士学位论文 3 the table tells us that teachers can not maintain pupils interest as the teaching goes further. it is a common phenomenon that pupils interest in english is decreasing after they continue learning english year by year. many pupils are forced into english classroom by their teachers or parents. some pupils learn this course compulsory, others are bored because of the inappropriate choice of teaching approaches etc. pupils gradually become more and more passive in english class. dull and boring class environment are still very common in english class. some teachers know little about primary teaching theory and just follow the teaching model that is adopted in middle schools. some teachers have little chance to practice english. because one teacher is in charge of many pupils in one class, he/she pays little attention to each pupil. few feedback from the teacher will make the pupils no sure whether they perform well or not and there are too much criticism and interruption. pupils still feel badly nervous and worried while speaking english. some teachers do not know the teaching purpose of primary school english teaching. because they learn little about the childs mentality, they cannot improve the pupils interest. meanwhile, they do not notice the personal characteristics of the pupils such as reserved, shy and constrained. moreover, there are many unpleasant environments in primary english classes. for a fairly long time, elt has been greatly influenced by the structural approach, language teaching was seen as a “knowledge-imparting” process and language learning as a “knowledge-receiving” process. language learners were thus treated as passive recipients who did not have to take any activities. the emergence of these problems shows that there is a big disadvantage existing in our english teaching. the result is that the pupils neither learn the knowledge of the language nor the ideas of language. the teacher should help the pupils realize the fact that english language is indeed dynamic rather than static. different styles of the teachers and different environment of the teaching would cause different effect of teaching. with research and technology advancement moving into education in schools for a better teaching and learning methods in classroom, the educational system based on 山东师范大学硕士学位论文 4 the traditional concept requires a change that will snatch the current generation children. how to build and improve the pupils interest in learning english is an important question, so it is quite important to select suitable method to teach the young learners. with the development of english teaching, more and more teachers use games in their teaching. however, some teachers still think that language games sometimes have been considered only for fun. in fact, games can provide more than that for younger learners. among several strategies used to improve students proficiency such as visual aids, call (computer assisted language learning) , drama, role-play and so on, games are another useful strategy to promote students language proficiency (richard-amato,1996). the role of the teacher in childrens english language learning situations is very important. using games calls for skills and adaptability which may, for some, be