全面、清晰的in、on、at的时间用法和地点用法.docx

in，on，at的时间用法和地点用法在英语中介词的使用频率比较高，而介词in, on和at 又是介词中使用频率比较高的词。一、介词in, on和at时间用法1、in的时间用法1）、在某个较长的时间（如世纪，朝代，年，月，季节，及泛指的上午，下午和晚上等，假期）内。在泛指的上午、下午、晚上前。如：in the morning，in the afternoon，in the evening，in the early morning在大清早在年、月、季节前。如：in 2008，in August，in summer，in spring在春天，In June在六月，in June,2010在2010年六月,He was born in 1942.在假期、在某段时期内in the holidays，in ones youth，in ones spare time在某人业余时间 , in my free time在我空闲时，in ones childhood在童年, in recent years，in course of , in the future 在将来, in future 从今以后=from now on，in the past，in my teens在我十几岁时，in his eighties在他八十多岁时，in a day or two在一两天，in those days在当时，in the old days在过去的日子里，in a month/year在一个月/一年里（在将来时里翻译成一个月或一年后）在世纪、朝代、年代前In the 20th century，in the 21st century (除了1st,2nd,3rd 以外，其他序数词以th结尾)， in the eighties 在八十年代，in the 1990s或in the 1990s在九十年代2）、在一段时间in a month/year在一个月/年里（在将来时里翻译成一个月/年之后）in the day（time）在白天，可换成duringin my childhood在我的童年里in my free/leisure time在我空闲时，in可换成during，也可以写成at leisure在空闲时。He will come round in a day or two.I will finish it in three hours.3）在某些较短时间在开始，在结束，在某一时刻In the beginning, in the end, in the meantime同时，in broad day在大白天，in seconds在很短时间内，in time 准时，in a second立刻4)、固定短语：in time及时 （on time 准时，及时指在事情未晚之前做成，强调最后期限。准时指在指定时间时间做成。）in the day（time）在白天，可换成during；2、on的时间用法On指时间表示：1）、以day结尾的节日前on New Years Day, on Childrens Day，On Christmas Day，on Teachers Day在教师节（注意：节日里有表人的词汇先复数再加s所有格，如on Childrens Day, on Womens Day, on Teachers Day有四个节日强调单数之意思，on Mothers Day, on Fathers Day, on April Fools Day, on Valentines Day）2)表示具体日期“在某月某日”： on + 月份+ 序数词(th可省略, 但读时要念出来)，如：National Day is on Oct. 1. On May 4th，on June 2nd在六月二日 on + the + 序数词+ of + 月份。如：on the 5th of MayNational Day is on the 1st of October. on the second (of June 2nd)在六月的第二天即在六月二日其他日期表示方法on the last Friday of each month 在每个月的最后一个星期五on the second day在第二天（以过去某天为参照）注意：on Sunday在周日，on Sundays每逢周日（用复数表每逢之意），every Sunday每个周日，基本一个意思。on a school day 在某个上学日，on school days每逢上学日。on the weekend在周末，on weekends每逢周末3）在星期几On Sunday4）在生日前on my ninth birthday在我九岁生日那天on ones birthday5）在某个特定的早晨，下午或晚上He arrived at 10 oclock on the night of the 5th.He died on the eve of victory.on Sunday morning在周日早晨on the morning of June 2nd在六月二日的早晨on a rainy morning在一个多雨的早晨on a winter morning在一个冬天的早晨on Sunday night在周日晚上on a rainy night再一个多雨的晚上on the night of June 2nd在六月二日的晚上on school days/nights在上学日/上学的当天晚上用法对比我们再来横向比较一下，以morning 为例：in the morning在早晨early in the morning再大清早on Sunday morning在周日早晨6）习惯用法on a certain day 在某天on time准时，按时on the weekend在周末（英式用at the weekend在周末， at weekends每逢周末）on weekday在工作日on the moment(立刻),3、at的时间用法表示时间的一点，一时刻。如：at seven oclock，at 6:00在六点，at noon, at midnight, at ten oclock, at daybreak, at dawn，at this time/moment (of day)在（一天中的）这个时间，at that time/moment (of year)在（一年中的）那个时间，at the start of the concert在音乐会开始在传统节日前。如：at Spring Festival，at Mid-Autumn Festival，at Christmas (time) 在圣诞节时（注意，如果用on，写成on Christmas Day），at New Yearat breakfast/lunch/dinner在早餐/午餐/晚餐时at meals在三餐时较短的一段时间。可指某个节日或认为一年中标志大事的日子His grandfather died at seventy-two.At the beginning (middle, end) of that month he was sick.at the age of ten在十岁时，at forty在四十岁时at the end/beginning of last term在上学期结束/开始，过去时的时间。（by the end of last term直到上学期期末，过去完成时的时间。注意 in the end最后/终于=finally=at last）固定搭配。如：at once（立刻，马上）be good at（擅长）look at（看）at home（在家），at school（在学校）, at the back of（在后部）at weekends（在周末）at any time 随时at the correct/proper time 在正确的时间at the same time 同时 或者in the meantime 同时，于此同时at times 偶尔，时常at festivals每逢节日 （用复数表每逢。如强调时间范围则用during festivals） at first/last首选/最后at down在黎明时，at daybreak 在天亮时，at sunrise 当日出时， at dusk在黄昏时at sunset 在日落时，at dark在天黑时at night在夜晚 （注意during the night=in the night翻译成在夜晚期间，强调这个时间范围）late at night在深夜at midnight 在半夜，at present在目前at the stage(眼下)at noon/night在中午/夜晚, （不强调范围，强调的话用during the night）early in the morning=in the early morning在大清早，late at night在深夜at all times(一直)at times(有时）at a time(在某时)at that timeat dinner-timeat the same timeat the time ofat this time of dayat the time beingat nightfallat that moment, at the age of, at the beginning of , at the end of, at the last minute, at the moment, at the present stage , at the start, at the very start, at this point(此时), at this season, at a wedding(婚礼), at any moment, at Easter, at first sight,(一见到), at sunrise4、不加介词this, that, last, next, every, one, yesterday, today, tomorrow, tonight，all，most等之前一般不加介词。如，this morning今天早晨（on）that day在那天 （that day更常用些）last week上周next year明年the next month第二个月（以过去为起点的第二个月，next month以现在为起点的下个月）every day每天one morning一天早晨yesterday afternoon昨天下午tomorrow morning明天早晨all day/morning/night整天/整个早晨/整晚（等于the whole day/morning/night）most of the time （在）大多数时间this morning今天早晨yesterday morning昨天早晨tomorrow morning明天早晨the next morning第二天早晨every morning每天早晨one morning一天早晨tonight今晚yesterday night昨晚tomorrow night明晚the next night第二天晚上every night每天晚上one night一天晚上除了特殊用法之外，一般表时间时，其他一天，用on，一天用in，在具体时刻或在某时用at（不强调时间范围）二、介词in, on和at的地点用法：1、in的地点用法in则强调一个范围或在一个相对封闭的空间里，翻译成“在”“在里”。有的地点不是相对封闭空间，如bus stop，不能用in，有的地点是相对封闭空间，则in，at都可以用，有时差别不大，如at the office在办公室，in the office 在办公室里。有时差别很大，如，in the lost and found case 失物在失物招领的柜子里，人的话只能用at the lost and found case在失物招领处。再如，at the park一般指公园门口, meet you at the park在公园处见面，可以换成in但是意思不一样，turn left at the park在公园处向左拐，不可以换成in，在公园里边向左拐的意思很奇怪。但是可以这么用take a walk in the park在公园里散步。根据不同情境选择介词，通过in和at的基本含义具体翻译就知道有无差别了。1) In 表示比较大的地方在国家、城市和较大的地方前。如：in China，in Wuxi，in the playground2)虽然是很小的地方，如果说话人住在那里，也可用in.商店，机关，学校等，若看作一个地点（point)用at,若看作一个场所（place)用in.I met him at the post-office.Im now working in the post-office.in London. 我住在伦敦。in France, at Paris. 在法国巴黎。(相对法国来讲，巴黎只是一个“点”)in the city在城市里， in the countryside在农村里，但是，in town在城镇里，不加冠词。in the middle of the river在河的中间in front of the post office 在邮局的前边。（如指里边的前边加the，如in the front of the room或者at the front of the store。in范围大，at范围小）in the center of the city在城市的中心，如强调一点用at，at the center of the lake在这个湖的中心处in the east/west/north/south在东方/西方/北方/南方in the moonlight在月光下/里，in the sun在阳光下/里（注意不用under）in the classroomin the open air在空旷处，在户外。in a car乘汽车 in a taxi 乘的士in a helicopter乘直升机in a boat乘小船in a lift (elevator)乘电梯 in the newspaper 在报上(如文字、新闻等)（但，The key is on the newspaper. 钥匙在报纸上，指报纸表面上。The box is in the newspaper. 盒子在报纸里，指被报纸包裹了起来。）in the sky在空中in the team在队伍里（如强调是队员，不是保健医的话，用on the team意思是play for the team或者be a member of the team）in the chair在椅子上/里 (现在的椅子一般都有扶手，用in，没有扶手则用on the chair，on the bench/sofa 在凳子/沙发上)in line在队伍里/排队，习惯不加a，in a queue/row在队伍/在一排里in public 在公共场合=in public placesin the field(s)在田地里3） in颜色，穿着颜色的衣服。如：Whos the man in white?4） in语言，用某种语言说。如：Whats this in English?5）固定搭配，in 表示地点常用短语：in the middle of（在中间），stay in bed（躺在床上），in the street（在街上） in a car, in a queue, in advance of (在前面), in all the direction, in appearance, in corners(在角落里) in doors, in front (of), in good light(在光线好的地方), in heaven, in place(position)(在适当地位置), in places(处处), in port(在港内), in public places, in shore(靠岸), in society, in the air(在空中) in the bank, in the book(书的内容里), in the centre(在中央), in the countryside, in the distance(在远处那边), in the east of(在东部) in the east, in the fields, in the film, in the front rank(在前列), in the front row, in the lab, in the letter(信的内容), in the moonlight, in the newspaper(报纸的内容里), in the open air(在户外), in the open(在野外), in the picture, in the rain, in the room, in the shade of, in the sky, in the suburbs of, in the sunshine, in the tree, in the universe, in the vicinity of(在附近), in the warm(在暖和的地方) in the world, in(on) the bus, in(on) the street(在街上)，do well in（擅长），in the day（在白天），take part in（参加），stay in bed（躺在床上）in表示状态常用短语：in 表示状态 in progress(在进行中), in a dilemma(处于进退两难的境地), in a hurry, in a tight corner(处于困难中), in action(在行动中), in an emergency, (处于紧急情况中), in anxiety, in astonishment, in bad mood(心情不好), in bad temper(心情不好，生气), in bed, in blossom(bloom) (在开花 ), in bonds(在拘留中), in chains(在囚禁中), in charge(看管), in church, in class, in collision(在冲突中), in commission (在服役), in condition(健康情况良好), in confusion (在混乱中), in control (of), in court(出庭), in custody(拘留), in danger, in debt(负债), in deep water(s)(处于困境), in demand(有需求) in despair, in difficult, in dispute(在争论), in doubt, in employment, in exile(在流放), in fear and trembling(提心吊胆), in flight(飞行), in flood, in full blossom(开着花), in good condition, in good health, in high spirits, in horror, in hospital, in isolation. in love, in motion, in need (of) in operation(在运转), in order(状态良好), in panic, in peace(平安)(at peace和平), in peril(处于危险), in place, in power, in practice(在实践中), in preparation, in process(在进行中), in production, in progress(前进，进行中), in pursuit(在追赶中), in question(正被讨论), in rehearsal(在彩排), in retirement(退休), in retreat(在撤退) in sail(张着帆) in secret, in service, in session(在会议中), in short supply, in silence, in sorrow, in stock(有库存) in store(储藏着) in succession, in surprise, in suspension(悬浮中) in tears(流着泪) in the field(在作战), in the press(在印刷), in the red(负债), in the same boat(处境相同), in the works(在计划中), in thought, in trade, in triumph, in trouble, in use, in view(被考虑), in wonder, in work(有工作), in work, in(at) college, in(at) school, in(at) university试比较：in the corner （of the wall），at the street corner, on the corner of the deskin the corner （of the wall），在角落里，在墙角，at the street corner，在街道拐角处，on the corner of the desk在桌角上，用法对比：near, by, beside, at表示“在附近”的区别：near 表示相对的“近”，实际距离可能还很远。例如：There is a post office near our school.Suzhou is near Shanghai.By和beside都表示“靠近”，实际距离不可能很远，但beside比by更具体的表示出“在旁边”的意思。例如：There is a big tree by the river.He was sitting beside her.by还可以表示“尺寸，距离”。例如：They escaped death by inches.Do you see the hole high up in the wall, about 18 cm by 9?In、 at、 on 与同一单词分别搭配后表达的含义不同例如：live分别与这三个介词搭配live in v. 住进live in:住进|在工作的地方生活,住宿|居住、住在live at 住在Live at DB:吃茶店live on vi. 靠.过活(以.为主食)live on/by:靠生活,以为食|继续活着|靠.过活2、on的地点用法1）on表示地点，一般指与面或线接触：“在上面”on the deskHe put the book on the table and sat on the chair.The picture was hanging on the wall.也有时候表“在 旁边”New work is on the Hudson River.Xiamen is on the river.He lives in a house on the river.实际应用举例：on the cover of the book. 在书的封面上on this menu. 在这菜单上on the wall.在那墙上。（Some pictures are on the wall。一些图画在墙上。There are four windows are in the wall. 按照汉语习惯虽然翻译成在墙上有四扇窗，但是实际窗户的位置是在墙“里”。）on the tree 在树上，指果实长在树上。（There are some red apples on the tree. 在树上有一些红苹果。Some birds are in the tree.一些鸟在树上。指的是树的枝桠间。）on the 7th floor在八楼（第一层不算。）也可写成in the 7the storey在八楼on the way to在去的路上on the bed在床上，强调位置，或in the bed，不加冠词时in bed则表示人躺/坐/看书等在床上on the ceiling 在天花板上on the floor 在地板上on the street/road在街道/上 （英式写成in the street/road）on the lake 在湖面上，接触湖水表面，比如小船 ，如吃水深则用in，如A ship is in the river.（over the lake则指在湖的正上方，不接触湖面）on the farm在农场，用on表示开阔处，没有空间in的意思。on land在陆地上on the top of the mountain在山顶，如顶端是一个点，at the top of the chimney在烟囱顶端on the side of the road在路边上，如lie on the roadside躺在路边。如不强调“上”，可换成at the side of。on the playground在操场上，英式则写成in the playground2）on表在上或者搭乘：on a bus 乘巴士，在公汽上in a bus on a train 乘火车，在火车上in a train on a plane 乘飞机，在飞机上in a planeon a ship乘轮船，在轮船上in a ship 。on a bicycle, on a motorbike 骑自行车/摩托车on a horse骑马3）on表通过，on the radio, on television 通过广播、电视4）on表“靠近、接壤” Korea lies on the northeast of China朝鲜位于中国东北方。 in the northeast of China指的是在中国东北这个范围里，如吉林。（不挨着用to，在范围内用in，如Japan lies to the northeast of China. Jilin lies in the northeast of China.）5）on 表在左右边，on the left, on the right在左边、在右边6）on表进行on sale在廉价出售，on show在展览，on the march在行军中，on the move在移动/活动中，on the run在跑着on the air在广播on the rise 在上涨on duty在值日on watch在值班/在放哨on parade在游行7）on表示地点常用短语：on board (在船上) on camera(出现在电视上), on campus, on deck(在甲板上), on earth, on 表示地点 on high(在高处), on land, on the bank, on the beach, on the borders, on the ceiling, on the coast, on the committee, on the corner(在拐角处), on the east of(在的东面) on the farm, on the first floor, on the football field, on the (play)ground, on the horizon, on the island, on the left/right,. on the market, on the page 12, on the railway line, on the river, on the road, on the roof, on the sea, on the shore, on the side of, on the team, on the track(在轨道上), on the water(在水面上), on top of, on(in) the wall, on the right / left（在右边/左边），on the wall (在墙上)，on Zhongshan Road（在中山路上）8）on表示状态常用短语：on 表示状态 on a diet(在节食), on a picnic, on a trip, on a vacation trip, on a visit, on a voyage, on a walk, on approval, on bended knees(跪着) on business, on call (待命) on credit(赊帐), on display, on drill(在训练), on duty, on exhibition, on fire, on foot, on good terms(友好), on guard, on hire(出租) on holiday, on leave, on loan(出借), on offer(出售中), on ones day(在最兴旺的日子), on ones guard(警惕) on ones honeymoon, on ones knees, on ones mind(惦念), on ones own time(在非工作时间), on ones round(出诊) on order(已订购), on parade(在游行), on patrol(巡逻) on sale(待售) on sale, on show, on stream(在生产中) on the air(在广播), on the alert(提防), on the ebb(在退潮), on the feed(在进食), on the fly(在飞行中), on the increase/decrease(在增长/下降中), on the job(工作着) on the listen(在注意听), on the lurk(暗中行动), on the march(行军中), on the move(在活动中) on the phone(在打电话) on the quiet(秘密地) on the rise(在上涨), on the run(跑这), on the spot(在危险中，当场), on the strike, on the turn(在转变中) on the watch(守侯着), on the way(在途中), on the way, on tour, on trial, on vacation, on view(展览着), on watch(值班)如：on foot（步行），on duty（值日），put on（穿上），get on（上车）turn on（打开）注 意：树上长的水果用on the tree；不是树上长的外来物用in the tree。如：I can see a lot of apples on the tree. There is a boy in the treeon强调“在上”（表面），in强调“在里”（空间范围内）at强调“点”，可翻译成“在”“在处”或者“在.旁”。3、at的地点用法at强调“点”， 在较小的地点。如：at the bus stop可翻译成“在”“在处”或者“在.旁”。at表在处/旁at the entrance,在入口处at the bus stop, 在公共汽车站点处at the station,在车站，（in the station在车站里，at the station在车站处， 比如门口或里边）at the cinema , 在电影院(in the cinema在电影院里，at the cinema在电影院处，比