英语被动语态.doc

被动语态（一）语态：英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的。英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。例如：Many people speak Chinese. 谓语：speak的动作是由主语many people来执行的。被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的对象。例如：Chinese is spoken by many people. 汉语现在被很多人使用。主语English是动词speak的承受者。（二）被动语态的构成被动语态由“助动词be及物动词的过去分词”构成。人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来的。现以speak为例说明被动语态在各种时态中的构成。一般现在时：amisarespoken 一般过去时：waswerespoken Chinese was spoken by not many foreigners 50 years ago. 汉语在50年前鲜有外国人使用。 一般将来时：willshall bespoken Chinese will be spoken by more foreigners. 会有跟过外国人说汉语。 现在进行时：amisare beingspoken Chinese is being spoken by the foreigner. 那个外国人正在说汉语。过去进行时：was/were beingspoken Chinese was being spoken by the foreigner when I arrived. 当我到达时，那个外国人正在说汉语。现在完成时：havehas beenspoken Chinese, including mandarin and cantonese, has been spoken for over 1000 years. 包括普通话和粤语的汉语至今已经被使用超过千年了。 过去完成时：had been + spoken Chinese, including mandarin and cantonese, had been spoken for over 1000 years by the end of 2000. 2000年之前，包括普通话和粤语的汉语至今已经被使用超过千年了。（三）主动语态变被动语态的方法（1）把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。（2）把谓语变成被动结构（be过去分词） （根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数，以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的形式）。（3）把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语，将主格改为宾格。例如：All the people laughed at him. He was laughed at by all people.所有人当时都取消他。 当时他被所有人取笑。They make the bikes in the factory. The bikes are made by them in the factory. 他们平时在工厂制造这些单车。 平时这些单车在工厂被制造。 He cut down a tree. A tree was cut down by him. 他当时砍了一棵树。 当时一棵树被他砍了。（四）含有情态动词的被动语态含有情态动词的主动句变成被动句时，由“情态动词be过去分词”构成We can repair this watch in two days . This watch can be repaired in two days. 我们能够在两天之内修好这个手表。这个手表能够在两天之内被修好。They should do it at once.It should be done at once.他们应该马上做这件事。 这件事应该被马上做。（五）特殊情况1.He made the boy work for two hours yesterday. 他让那个男孩昨天干了两个小时的活。 The boy was made to work by him for two hours yesterday. 那个男孩被他要求昨天干了两个小时的活。2.Mother never lets me watch TV . 我妈从来不让我看电视。 I am never let to watch TV by mother. 我从来没被我妈允许看电视。常见的句型结构：It is(was)agreed(believed/decided/hoped/thought.）that.大家同意（相信、决定、希望、认为）.It was agreed that Fortune Global Forum 2017 would be held in Guangzhou last year. 去年大家都同意财富论坛2017在广州举行。It is(was)well known that.众所周知It is well known that Guangzhou is one of the key city in China. 众所周知广州是中国的中心城市。It is(was)said(reported，heard，told，suggested)that.据说(报道、听说、告知、建议.)It was reported that the performance by 1180unmanned air vehicle( UAV) near Canton Tower yesterday evening was wonderful. 据报道说昨晚在广州塔附近1180无人机的表演很精彩。2、 典型例题 （ ）1Susan, why are you still here? They are all ready to start. Im sorry, but I _ when to meet. A. dont tell B. didnt tell C. havent told D. wasnt told（ ）2Many old houses around our school _ next year and a large green area will appear. A. pull downB. will be pulled downC. will pull downD. are pulled down（ ）3- My watch _. - Dont worry. Lets go to the Lost & Found. A. is lost B. is broken C. has found D. has stopped（ ）4-Did you go to Sams weekend party? -No, I_. A. am not invitedB. wasnt invitedC. havent invitedD. didnt invite（ ）5- How often _ your school sports meeting _?- Once a year.A. does; hold B. was; hold C. is; held D. did; hold（ ）6The Olympic Games _every four years. A are held B were held Care holding Dwill ho1d（ ）7.Twelve-year-olds should not to drive in China. A. allow B. be allow C. allowed D. be allowed（ ）8Those eggs of different colors are very beautiful. Yes, they _ in Hangzhou. A. paintedB. were painting C. were painted D. had painted（ ）9-Dont litter the ground, boy ,Look at the sign: “Rubbish into the dustbin.” -Sorry. A, has throw B, was throw C, must throw D , must be thrown（ ）10He is made _work for12 hours every day.A work B working Cto work D. worked（ ）11. The girl was often heard happily in her room.A. sing B. to sing C. singing D. sings（ ）12. Usually computers _to search the Internet. A. use B. are using C. are used D. used（ ）13. It is reported that more new teaching buildings _ in our school in the next term. A. will be built B. was built C. has built D. will build（ ）14. The sick boy _ to hospital by the police yesterday.A. is taken B. was taken C. takes D. took（ ）15. -Its difficult for the village children to cross the river for school.-I think a bridge _ over the river.A. was built B. is being built C. has been built D. should be built （ ）16. -David, turn off the TV_ no one is watching it. -But it _ off already! The music is from the radio. A. so that, has been turned B. when, has turned B. if, has been turned D. because, has turned（ ）17. Usually John to school in his fathers beautiful car.A. has taken B. is taking C. is taken D. has been taken（ ）18. Dont put off todays work for tomorrow. I mean, todays work _ today.A. may do B. must do C. may be done D. must be done （ ）19.-Look, what an old palace! It looks so great!-Yeah,