英语音标使用规则.doc

1元音字母开音节和闭音节中的读音编辑a在开音节中einame,plane,Jane,baby,cake在闭音节中bag,dad,hat,map,black,backe在开音节中i:he,these,me,Chinese在闭音节中ebed,let,pen,desk,yes,eggi在开音节中aibike,drive,time,nice,kite在闭音节中ifish,big,drink,sit,milk,swimo在开音节中uthose,close,go,hoe,home,no在闭音节中clock,not,box,shop,socku在开音节中i.ju:student,excuse,duty,Tuesdayii.元音字母u在辅音字母j，l，r，s后面时读u:音，例如：June，blue，ruler，super。在闭音节中bus,cup,jump,much,lunch2元音字母在重读音节中的特殊读音编辑a在w音后面want,what,watch,wash,quality在f，n，sk，ph，sp，ss，st，th前:after,plant,graph,ask,grasp,glass,fast,fatheri在-nd，-ld和gh前aifind,child,light,higho在-st，-ld前umost,postcard,old,cold在m，n，v，th前come,monkey,love,mother3元音字母在非重读音节中的读音编辑aChina,another,woman,breakfast,orange,comrade,village,cabbage动词中的a如果处在开音节位置，a读ei音，例如：operate，a处在开音节位置ehundred,student,open,weekend,chicken,pocket,begin,childreniiholiday,beautiful,family,animalaiexercise,satelliteosecond,tonight,somebody,welcomeualso,zero,photouautumn,difficultju:popular,congratulation,January在辅音字母j,l,r,s后面时，读u或u:音，例如：July，influence，February，issue。在非重读音节中，许多单词中的元音字母a，e，i既可以读的音，也可以读i的音。4-r音节元音字组在重读音节中的读音编辑ar:car,farm,dark,sharpener在w音后面:warm,quarter,towardsor:forty morning short:word worker worseer，ir，ur:certainlybirdThursday注：辅音字母r双写时，前面的 元音字母不能与r构成-r音节,而是按重读闭音节的拼读规则发音。例如：carry，sorry，hurry。-r音节在非重读音节中通常读音，例如：dollar，teacher，martyr，forget，Saturday。5-re音节元音字组在重读音节中的读音编辑arecare,dare,hareereihere,mere,ereireaifire,hire,wireore:more,score,beforeurejupure,cure-recentre,fibre,titre,saltpetre注are，ere，ire，ore很少出现在非重读音节中，ure在非重读音节中读音，例如：picture，pleasure。重读元音字母加r，再加非重读元字组时，重读元音字母应按-re音节拼读规则拼读，字母r读r音。例如：parent，zero，story，during，inspiring。另外，某些常用词及多音节词经常出现长音短化现象。例如：orange，very，American，paragraph。6元音字组在重读音节中的读音编辑ai，ayeiafraid,rain,wait,day,playairair,hair,chair,pair,repairal在l,k前:small,ball,talk,wall,all,talk,:always,also,salt,almost在f,m前:half,calmau，aw:autumn,daughter,draweai:teach,easy,cheap,pleaseeheavy,bread,sweater,weathereibreak,greatearihear,dear,near,clear,yearbear,pear,wear,swear:earth,learn,earlyeei:jeep,week,green,threeeeripioneer,deer,beerei，eyeieight,neighbour,theyi:seize,keyeu,ew在j,l,r,s后ju:new,few,newspaperu:flew,brew,jewelryie,eis音之后i:piece,field,receiveoaucoat,Joan,boat,goaloar，oor:roar,board,door,flooroi，oyinoise,point,boy,toiletoou:broom,food,tooth,school,book,look,cook,foot,goodou，owauflower,house,count,downuknow,row,throw,thoughyoung,country,enoughu:group,you,soupour: course,your,fourauour,hour,sour:journeyouluwould,should,could(主要是情态动词、助动词）ui在j，l，r，s后ju:ifluid,suicide,tuitionu:juice,fruit,suit7非重读音节中元音字组和字群的读音编辑ai,ay,ei,eyiSunday,foreign,monkeyowuyellow,sparrow,tomorrow注：元音字组在非重读音节中通常读音或i音。例如：serious，famous，biscuit，coffee，neighbour-sion，-tionnimpression,nation在元音字母后nvision,decision,occasion在s后tnquestion,suggestion-stensnlisten-stleswhistle-surepleasure,measure-turetpicture,culture8元字组在复合词非重读音节中的读音编辑复合词中的第二部分不标注重音符号，但其中的元音字母或元音字组仍按重读音节拼读规则拼读。例如：everydayei，handbag，blackboard:。有些词随着语言的发展，前后两部分已失去其单独存在的意义，融合成为一个词。其中的非重读部分要按非重读音节的读音规则发音。例如：sun（太阳）+dayei（日子）=Sunday（星期天）；holy（神圣）+dayei（日子）=holidayi（假日）：break（中断）+fast:（斋戒）=breakfast（早餐）；cup（茶杯）+board:（木板）=cupboard（碗柜）。9辅字组的读音编辑bbbike,bus,bag不发bomb,tombc在e前或在i,y前sface,decide,cinema其他情况kcake,picture,coat,musictcellochtmuch,chick,rich,teacherkschool,headache,chemistry（主要为希腊外来词）machine,moustache（主要是法语外来词）-ckkcock,pocket,black,knockcztCzechdddoctor,bread,hand,day-dg(e)dbridge,fridgedr-drchildren,driver,drinkdsdzhands（主要用于可数名词复数）fffive,four,breakfastggbag,garden,godorange,large,Germangenre,massageghfcough,enough不发light,daughter,highgu-，-guegguess,league,dialogue(-gue在非重读音节中)gwlanguage,anguishhhhot,head,house,hand不发hour,honestjdjeep,jar,joke,join,JuneJacques（用于法国人名hJuanita（用于西班牙人名）kkkind,bike,skate,make,weekkn-nknife,know,knocklllife,lead,lot（出现在元音前面）milk,school,tall出现在元音后面。可以出现在辅音前，也可出现在辅音后（词尾）mmmonkey,come-mnmautumn,column,solemnnnnot,shine,ten,note在k，g音前uncle,thank,hungry-ngmorning,young,wrongpppaper,plane,pig,ship,penphfelephant,photo,telephone,graphqkIraqqu-kwquality,quiterrred,rubber,rulerrz Zabrze（扎布热）s在词首、清辅音前ssit,sleep,desk元音字母间或浊辅音前zmusic,husbandsc-skscarletsmuscle,sciencesch-schedule英edju:l,美skedulshshe,fish,shirt,washttten,letter,meet在弱读字母ia,ie,io前patient,nationtchtwatchththin,thirty,methodthe,these,with,than,clothe,father,weather（在冠词、代词、介词、连词中，以及在词尾-the，-ther中tr-trtree,train,country,truckts,tztsTsingtao(青岛),Tientsin(天津),pants（主要用于可数名词复数）quartz,Hertz英h:z,美h:rts（用于德国人名）vvvery,voice,love,leavew