词义猜测题.doc

词义猜测题词义猜测是指在阅读过程中根据对语篇的信息、逻辑、背景知识及语言结构等的综合理解去猜测或推断某一生词、关键词或短语的词义。词义猜测题要求学生具备对超纲词词义的推断和熟词生义的猜测能力，一般常见的设题形式有以下几种：1.What does the word “_”mean?2.The word “” means _.3.Which of the following is closest in meaning to “” ?4. What does the underlined word “_”mean in Chinese?5. The underlined word in the paragraph probably means _ in Chinese.6.The word “_” in the paragraph can be replaced by “_”.7. The underlined word “”in the passage refers to _. ( ”处为代词)词义猜测题的解题技巧近年来在中考阅读理解题中至少出现一个词义猜测题，这些词常常是理解文章的关键，学习并掌握一些猜词技巧对于提高阅读能力能起到事半功倍的效果，下面我介绍一些平时在我们初中阶段比较常用的词义猜测解题技巧和大家一起分享。1.利用构词法猜测词义英语中有大量的单词是通过合成或加前缀、后缀形成的，因此运用构词法来判断生词的意义是一种提高阅读速度的常用技巧，同时也是学生比较熟悉、擅长的一种解题技巧，实践证明这是一种快速有效解决词汇障碍的方法。实例1 (2008年浙江省宁波市中考试题)After the earthquake:# take care of injuries and help make sure people around you are all right.# Watch out for aftershocks.# Protect yourself by wearing long pants, a long-sleeved (长袖的) shirt and strong shoes.# Listen to the radio for the latest information.54. The underlined word aftershocks in the passage means _ in Chinese.A震感 B震源 C余震 D防震除了上述所举的根据合成词猜测词义以外，还可以根据词缀和词根来快速猜测生词的含义。学生平时要多积累词缀和词根方面的知识，前缀往往是改变词义的，如dislike,unhappy ,inexpensive,impossible等等是表示否定意义的；后缀往往是改变词性的，比如 politely,invention,teacher等等。一般地说，词根字面的含义等于单词的实用词义，只要记住词根字面的含义，从单词中辨认出词根的形体，再通过词缀的意思，就能理解并记忆这个单词。如：记住了fortune 这个词根应能记住fortunate（幸运的），fortunately（幸运地），unfortunate（不幸的），unfortunately（不幸地）等词汇。记住了care应能掌握careless （粗心的），careful （细心的），carelessly（粗心地），carefully（细心地），carelessness（粗心），carefulness（细心）等词汇。因此，牢记一定的词根和词缀，对于理解词义和扩大词汇量有极大的帮助。2.利用同义词或反义词猜测词义有时作者为了使他的意思表达得更清楚明白，通常用一个、两个或更多的同义词、近义词、反义词或英文解释来说明文中一个比较难的词或关键词。通过我们熟悉的单词或解释，用已知的知识就不难推断出生词的词义来。实例2 (2008年浙江省绍兴市中考试题)The relay, planned to kick off at 15:40 Saturday, will set out from Da Yu Ling.55. The underlined phrase kick off probably means _.A. begin B. stop C. check D. leave 实例3 (2009年中考模拟试题)Most women in Ghana-the educated and illiterate, the urban(城市的) and rural, the young and old -work to make money for their families.( ) The underlined word “illiterate” in the passage means _.A.repeated B.rich C.uneducated D.sick3.利用上下文猜测词义有些生词的意思必须通过对上下文所提供的信息或线索综合予以考虑方能确定。这种线索可以是一些词语也可以是一些出现在上下文中的句子，考查的方式一般是猜测中文意思。实例4 (2008年浙江省杭州舟山市中考试题)In some cities the rubbish is collected and taken outside of city to a dump. Often the city dump is placed where the ground is low or there is a big hole. The kitchen rubbish is broken into small pieces and sent into the sewage system. The sewage system takes away the used water from toilets, bathtubs and other places.53. The underlined word sewage in the passage means_.A排污 B染色 C洗涤 D吸尘4.利用标点符号猜测词义作者有时利用标点符号为一些生词直接提供定义或解释，这些符号无疑为学生理解或猜测生词词义提供了很好的线索，如破折号、引号等。实例5 (2009年中考模拟试题)Bob works in a car factory near his home. He works very hard.He needs to work 8 hours every day.He will be on the night shiftfrom midnight to 8 a.m.next week.A开夜车 B夜班 C熬夜 D晚上休息解析 B。文中两个破折号之间部分解释了“night shift”是“夜班”的意思。实例6 (2008年天津市中考试题)I never saw her anger,never saw her cry. I knew she loved me, she showed it in action. But as a young girl ,I wanted hearted-to-hearted talks between mother and daughter.They never happened. And a gulf opened between us. I was “too emotional(易动感情的)”. But she lived “on the surface”.( ) 3. The underlined word “gulf” in the passage means _.A. deep understanding between the old and the youngB.different ideas between the mother and the daughterC.free talks between mother and daughterD.part of the sea going far in land5.利用生活常识猜测词义历年中考英语阅读理解选择的素材具有时代性、新颖性和生活性的特点，尤其强调选择一些与学生生活息息相关的素材。因此我们的生活经历或与日常生活有关的常识往往可以帮助学生更准确地猜测句中生词的词义。实例7 (2007年广东省茂名市中考试题)If traffic is heavy , the taxi will be slow. During the mornings and afternoons, there is the “rush hour”.This is the time when the traffic is very heavy with people going to and from work.( )The phrase “rush hour” in the fourth paragraph means “_” in Chinese.A.比赛中的冲刺时刻 B.一小时内所跑的路程C.（上下班）交通高峰时刻 D.匆匆忙忙的一小时6.利用逻辑关系明确指代明确指代关系其实是一类比较特殊的词义猜测题。一般情况下，中考中用指代性的代词，如it,they,he,she以及其宾格形式来指代前面所出现的名词,或以this,that,those来指代文中提到的某个观点或看法。实例8 (2008年江苏省南京市中考试题)The woman left the store less worried, and Gloria has always remembered the pride she felt in having helped her customer.( ) What does the word “she” in the third paragraph refer to? A.The boss. B.The woman. C.Gloria. D.The doctor. 实例9 (2009年中考模拟试题)Sandra was wearing a brightly-colored shirt with her jeans. “No one else wears a shirt like mine,” she said. “Im the only one, and I like that . I can understand that the school needs a dress code(准则).Its a problem if students come to school with their shirts open. We all understand that, but no one wants a uniform