高考英语阅读理解专题--推理判断题ppt课件.ppt

ReadingComprehension Howtodealwithquestionsofinference 阅读推理判断题 推断题分类 1 看透文章的表面意思 从字里行间捕捉有用的提示和线索 推理的前提和基础 2 透过现象看本质 通过分析 综合 判断 进行符合逻辑的推理 3 忠实于原文 以文章提供的事实和线索为依据 切忌用自己的观点代替作者的本意 4 善于全面分析 切忌片面思考 推理判断题 解题思路 1 Questionforms Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthat Fromthetextweknowthat ismostlikely Whatthewriterreallymeansis Thewritersuggeststhat Thestoryimpliesthat Wecaninfer concludefromthepassagethat 这类题干中通常含有infer suggest imply conclude等标志性词语 一 如何推断隐含意义 2 技巧点拨1 全面分析2 忠实原文3 不要选择表层信息 1 Didyoueverhearastrangesoundcomingfromthewall Diditsoundlikeaclock Ifso itmayhavebeenmadebyabeetle Longagopeoplethoughtthetickingmeantthatsomeonewasabouttodie Thusthebeetleiscalled thedeathwatchbeetle Thesoundofthisbeetle A pleasedpeople B surprisedpeople C frightenedpeople D excitedpeople Itissaidthatpeopleshouldtakealessonfromtheclock Theclockpassesthetimebykeepingitshandsbusy Peoplewhodowhattheclockdoesalsopassthetimebykeepingtheirhandsbusyandnotbysleepingthetimeaway Youcantellthatbusypeople A actlikeclocks B sleepthetimeaway C don tdowhatclocksdo D don thavehands 2 SeveraldifferentbisonspecieshavelivedontheNorthAmericancontinentsincetheIceAge todayonlytwoexist Thewoodbisonisthelargerofthetwo andisnowfoundmostlyinwesternCanada BetterknownintheUnitedStatesisthePlainsbison orbuffalo Atonetime herdsoftheseanimalscouldbesighedalmosteverywherefromtheAppalachianMountainsintheEasttotheRockyMountainsintheWest Theauthorimpliesthatseveraltypesofbison A liveoutsidetheUnitedStatesandCanadaB arewelladaptedtoswampyterrainC existedbeforetheIceAgeD havebeenkilledorhavediedout 3 notmentioned 4 Whenyoumakeapromisetolivebyyourbeingvalues itbecomeseasiertomakeconscious 慎重的 choicesratherthanreactionary 反动的 ones Ifyourusualpatternistotalkaboutyourproblems youcouldchoosetothinkandactlikeacalmperson Acalmpersonmightgoforawalk orsetatimelimitbeforeresponding Ifyourusualpatternistoworry youcouldchoosetoactlikearesponsibleorwiseperson Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage Havingvaluesarebetterthanbeingvalues Acalmpersondoesnotchoosetocomplain Thewayotherpeoplethinkofyoudecideswhoyouare Aresponsiblepersondoesnotcareaboutfinancialsecurity 二 如何推断作者观点和态度 positivenegativeapprovaldisapprovalobjectivesubjectiveoptimisticpessimisticindifferentreservedneutralunbiasedcriticaldoubtfulsarcastic ironic 积极的 肯定的 消极的 否定的 赞成的 不赞成的 客观的 主观的 乐观的 悲观的 漠不关心的 保留意见的 中立的 无偏见的 公平的 批评的 怀疑的 讽刺的 挖苦的 1 Questionforms Thewriter sattitudetoward is Thewriterthoughtthat Accordingtotheauthor 2 技巧点拨注意作者表达感情色彩的形容词 副词 动词及所举的例子 才能推断出作者的态度 5 Whyisn tyournewspaperreportinganygoodnews AllIreadaboutismurder bribery 行贿 anddeath Frankly I msickofallthisbadnews Thisauthor sattitudetowardsthenewspaperreportingisto A complainB apologizeC amuseD inform 6 江西卷 Justascryingcanbehealthy notcrying holdingbacktearsofanger painorsuffering canbebadforphysicalhealth Studieshaveshownthattoomuchcontrolofemotionscanleadtohighbloodpressure heartproblemsandsomeotherillnesses Ifyouhaveahealthproblem doctorswillcertainlynotaskyoutocry Butwhenyoufeellikecrying don tfightit It sanatural andhealthy emotionalresponse Accordingtotheauthor whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue A Cryingisthebestwaytogethelpfromothers B Fightingbacktearsmaycausesomehealthproblems C Wewillneverknowourdeepfeelingsunlesswecry D Wemustcryifwewanttoreducepressure 7 Aroundtheworldmoreandmorepeoplearetakingpartindangeroussportsandactivities Ofcourse therehavealwaysbeenpeoplewhohavelookedforadventure thosewhohaveclimbedthehighestmountains traveledintounknownpartsoftheworldorsailedinsmallboatsacrossthegreatestoceans Now however therearepeoplewholookforanimmediateexcitementfromariskyactivity whichmayonlylastafewminutesorevenseconds Iwouldconsiderbungeejumping 蹦极跳 tobeagoodexampleofsuchanactivity Youjumpfromahighplace perhapsabridgeorahotairballoon 200metersabovethegroundwithanelastic 有弹性的 ropetiedtoyourankles Youfallatupto150kilometersanhouruntiltheropestopsyoufromhittingtheground Itissaidthatabout2millionpeoplearoundtheworldhavenowtriedbungeejumping Otheractivitieswhichmostpeoplewouldsayasriskyasbungeejumpingincludejumpingfromtallbuildingsanddivingintotheseafromthetopofhighcliffs Whydopeopletakepartinsuchactivitiesasthese Somepsychologists 心理学家 suggestthatitisbecauselifeinmodernsocietieshasbecomesafeandboring Notverylongago people sliveswereconstantlyindanger Theyhadtogooutandhuntforfood diseasescouldnoteasilybecuredandlifewasacontinuousbattleforsurvival Nowadays accordingtomanypeople lifeofferslittleexcitement Theyliveandworkincomparativelysafeconditions theybuyfoodinshops andtherearedoctorsandhospitalstolookafterthemiftheybecomeill Theanswerforsomeofthesepeopleistolookfordangerinactivitiessuchasbungeejumping Thewriterofthetexthasa attitudetowardsdangeroussports A positiveB negativeC neutralD nervous 8 Whyisn tyournewspaperreportinganygoodnews AllIreadaboutismurder bribery 行贿 anddeath Frankly I msickofallthisbadnews Thisauthor sattitudetowardsthenewspaperreportingisto A complainB apologizeC amuseD inform 解析 作者一是向读者说明这份报纸上只登载坏新闻 如凶杀 行贿受贿和死亡等 二是在字里行间流露出自己的抱怨情绪 对坏新闻厌恶透了 故应选A 9 Laughingisessentialtokeepyourstresslevelsundercontrol Withouthumorwewouldfindourselveswithalotofpsychologicalproblems oronalotofmedicationstokeepusfromgoingcrazy Thereistoomuchsadnessinthispresentworld Itdrivespeoplecrazy Weallneedtofindawaytobypassthesadnessandbringalittlelightintoourlives So Ibelieveourbestmedicineistogettogetherandtellsomejokesandhavesomefunlaughingtogether Whatisthewriter sattitudetowardsthepresentworld A PositiveB CriticalC SatisfiedD Indifferent 推断作者态度 10 Thetheoriesofmodernpsychologyhavesteppedintoarguethatwemustunderstandtheneedsofourchildren Childrenarenotjustsmalladults theyarechildrenwhomustberespectedassuch Well youmaysay thisisasitshouldbe andagoodidea Butthinkfurther Whathappens Education becomestheresponsibilitynotofteachers butofpsychologists Whathappensthen Whatistheauthor sattitudetowardthetheoriesofmodernpsychology A UninterestedB TolerantC SatisfiedD Critical 推断作者态度 三 如何推断写作目的 1 Questionforms 1 考查整篇文章的写作目的A Thewriter spurposeofwritingthispassageisto B Whatisthepurposeofwritingthisarticle C Inwritingthepassage theauthorintendsto 2 考查某处细节的写作意图A Thewriterusestheexampleof toshowthat B Thewriterusesthetwoquestionsatthebeginningofthepassageto C arementionedinthefirstparagraphto 2 常见的写作目的归纳不同的文章可能有不同的写作目的 但写作目的通常有以下三种 1 toentertainreaders 娱乐读者 让人发笑 2 topersuadereaders 说服读者接受某种观点 3 toinformreaders 告知读者某些信息 常见于故事类的文章 tomakepeoplelaugh totellaninterestingexperience 常见于广告类的文章 tosellaproductoraservice toattractmorevisitors readers audience 多见于科普类 新闻报道类 文化类或社会类的文章 3 技巧点拨 1 根据文体类别推断写作目的 2 从写作手法来推断写作目的 11 Haveyoueverbeenoutonaboatandfeltitliftedupbyawave Orhaveyoujumpedinthewaterandfelttherushofenergyaswavescameoveryou askedJamieTayloroftheWaveEnergyGroupattheUniversityofEdinburgh Thereiscertainlyalotofenergyinwaves hesaid Thewriterusesthetwoquestionsatthebeginningofthepassageto A testthereaders knowledgeaboutwavesB drawthereaders attentiontothetopicC showJamieTaylor simportanceD invitethereaderstoanswerthem 12 AyoungmanfromavillagecalledNawalapitiyamarriedayoungwomanfromMaliyuwa anearbyvillage Theylivedwiththeman sbigfamily hisparents hisbrothers theirwivesandchildren Thefamilykeptanelephant inwhichtheyoungwomansoontookagreatinterest Everydayshefeditwithfruitandsugar Threemonthslaterthewomanwentbacktoherparents home havingquarreledwithherhusband Soontheelephantrefusedtoeatorwork Itappearedtobeillandheart broken Onemorningafterseveralweekstheanimaldisappearedfromthehouse Itwenttothewoman shome Onseeingher theelephantwaveditstrunkandtouchedherwithit Theyoungwomanwassomovedbytheactoftheanimalthatshereturnedtoherhusband shome Thewriterwrotethestoryinorderto A showthatelephantsareverycleverB tellhowawomantrainedawildanimalC showthatwomencaremoreforanimalsthanmendoD tellhowananimalreunitedahusbandandwife 1 Questionforms Thepassageismostlikelytobetakenfrom Wherewouldthispassagemostprobablyappear Thepassageismostlikelyapartof 四 如何推断文章出处 2 解题技巧这类问题应从文章的内容或结构来判断其出处 1 报纸 2 广告 3 产品说明 4 网络等 13 全国卷 Doyoualwaysunderstandthedirectionsonabottleofmedicine Doyouknowwhatismeantby Takeonlyasdirected Readthefollowingdirectionsandseeifyouunderstandthem Toreducepain taketwotablets 药片 withwater followedbyonetableteveryeighthours asrequired Fornight timeandearlymorningrelief 缓解疼痛 taketwotabletsatbedtime Donottakemorethansixtabletsintwenty fourhours Forchildrensixtotwelveyearsold givehalftheamount Forchildrenundersixyearsold askyourdoctor sadvice Reducetheamountifyousufferfromrestlessnessorsleeplessnessaftertakingthemedicine Thistextismostprobablytakenfroma A textbookB newsreelC doctor snotebookD bottleofmedicine 14 Morethan30 000driversandfrontseatpassengersarekilledorseriouslyinjured 受伤 eachyear Ataspeedofonly30milesperhouritisthesameasfallingfromathirdfloorwindow Wearingaseatbelt 安全带 saveslives itreducesyourchanceofdeathorseriousinjurybymorethanhalf Thereforedriversorfrontseatpassengersover14inmostvehiclesmustwearaseatbelt Ifyoudonot youcouldbefinedupto 50 Itwillnotbeuptothedriverstomakesureyouwearyourbelt Butitwillbethedriver sresponsibility 责任 tomakesurethatchildrenunder14donotrideinthefrontunlesstheyarewearingseatbeltofsomekind However youdonothavetowearaseatbeltifyouarereversing 倒退 yourvehicleoryouaremakingalocaldelivery 发送 orcollectionusingaspecialvehicle orifyouhaveavalidmedicalcertificatewhichexcusesyoufromwearingit Makesurethesecircumstances 情形 applytoyoubeforeyoudecidenottowearyourseatbelt Rememberyoumaybetakentocourtfornotdoingso andyoumaybefinedifyoucannotprovetothecourtthatyouhavebeenexcusedfromwearingit Thistextistakenfrom A amedicalmagazineB atrafficpolicereportC anadvertisementD agovernmentinformationbooklet 小册子 Morethan30 000 arekilledorseriouslyinjuredeachyear youcouldbefinedupto 50 Rememberyoumaybetakentocourt youmaybefined 2 解题技巧推测下文的内容 根据作者的思路进行推理 特别是最后两三句话 推测上文的内容 关注第一段 特别是文段开始的几句话 五 推断上下文内容 Questionforms Thenextparagraphwouldmostprobablydealwith Theparagraphprecedingthisonewouldmostlikelydiscuss 15 Whenearlyhumanshuntedandgatheredfood theywerenotincontroloftheirenvironment Theycouldonlyinteractwiththeirsurroundingsaslowerorganismsdid Whenhumanslearnedtomakefire however theybecamecapableofalteringtheirenvironment Toprovidethemselveswithfueltheystrippedbarkfromtrees causingthetreestodie Clearingswereburne