大学英语四级考试全真预测试题一答案与解析

大学英语四级考试全真预测试题一答案与解析Part Writing【写作思路】本文是一篇关于代沟的议论文。从代沟的现象开始讨论，接着提出代沟产生的家庭原因以及社会原因。【参考范文】Generation GapGeneration gap seems a hot topic between the old and the young. Parents complain that children dont show them proper respect and obedience, while children complain that their parents dont understand them at all. Often they discover that they have very little in common.One cause of the generation gap is the opportunity that young people have to choose their own life. In traditional societies, children lived in the same area as their parents, married people their parents knew and approved of, and often continued the family occupation. In our society, people often move out of the home at an early age, marry or live with people their parents have never met, and choose occupations that are rather different. Parents often expect their children to be better than them. However, these ambitions for their children are another cause of the division between them. Finally, the speed of change in our society is another cause of it. In the traditional culture, people are valued for their wisdom, but in our society the knowledge of a lifetime may become out of date. No doubt, the generation gap will continue to be a feature of our life. Its causes are rooted in the freedoms and opportunities of our society, and in the rapid pace at which society changes.Part Reading Comprehension(Skimming and Scanning)原文精译动物的运动除了缺少剧情音乐之外，这看上去就像大白鲨影片中的一个场景：一条巨大的鲨鱼在水中慢慢地游着，尾巴就像钟摆一样来回地摆动。突然，它敏感的皮肤神经末梢感受到了猎物游动时发出的震动。瞬间，它就变成一台高效致命的死亡机器。它绷紧肌肉，快速地在水中砍出一条通道。眨眼之间，它便用强有力的嘴巴咬住了它的猎物，一条大鱼。随后，它来回扭动着头，从猎物的身上撕下大块大块的肉，把它们吞了下去。很快地，猎食活动就结束了。为了生存而移动鲨鱼追逐猎物的过程以一种夸张的方式证明了移动（或者运动）对于动物的重要作用。像鲨鱼一样，大部分的动物通过移动来发现食物。他们还利用移动来逃避敌人、寻找配偶、开拓新的地盘。移动的方法包括：爬行、跳跃、滑行、飞行、飘浮或者漫步。借助各种有助移动的发明，人类加强了其移动优势，可以在任何环境下移动。汽车、火箭、潜艇能把人类从深海运输到遥远的月亮。然而，对于其他的动物而言，移动来源于数百万年的进化。鲨鱼是其中最成功的例子。它能够以接近零的时间快速地捕获猎物，这给科学家们留下了深刻的印象。但是，经过仔细地研究，美国杜克大学的海洋生物学家S. A. Wainwright、F. Vosburgh和J. H. Hebrank才发现了鲨鱼是如何做到这一点的。在研究中，科学家们对位于佛罗里达州圣奥古斯丁海上乐园泳池中游泳的鲨鱼进行了观察。他们拍摄了鲨鱼的运动情况，对它们进行了分析，同时也对鲨鱼的皮肤和肌肉进行了研究。皮肤是关键生物学家们发现，鲨鱼的皮肤是它们在水中高效游动的关键。鲨鱼的皮肤中含有许多纤维，像子午线轮胎的内部一样交错在一起。这些纤维被称为胶原纤维。随着它们的放松或拉紧，这些纤维可以储存或释放大量的能量。当拉伸纤维时，纤维中蓄满了能量，就像绷紧的弓弦一样。能量被释放后，纤维就松弛了。杜克大学的生物学家发现，最大拉伸发生在鲨鱼弯曲身体游动的时候。当身体前后移动时，弯曲处外侧的纤维受到强烈的拉伸，大量的潜能被储存在纤维中。当鲨鱼朝另一个方向迅速掉头时，这种能量就被释放出来了。随着能量在鲨鱼身体两侧交替地储存和释放，它的尾巴就像鞭子一样强烈地来回摆动。这种像皮鞭一样的动作促使鲨鱼像发射的子弹一样在水中穿来穿去。能量的来源是什么让纤维能存储如此多的能量呢?在追寻答案的过程中，杜克大学的科学家们发现，鲨鱼与子午线轮胎的相似性并不仅仅存在于皮肤上。正如子午线轮胎是由压力膨胀的一样，在鲨鱼胶原辐射处的下方也有一个膨胀区。但是，鲨鱼体内的压力可能来自于血液压缩胶原纤维而产生的压力，而不是来自于空气的压力。当鲨鱼缓慢游动时，纤维内的压力相对较低。纤维比较松弛时，鲨鱼就能以锐角的角度弯身。在寻找食物或只是游动时，鲨鱼以这种方式进行移动。但是，当它发现重要的食物来源时，一些奇妙的变化就自动发生了。鲨鱼内部的压力可能会增加10倍，胶原纤维在这种压力下剧烈拉伸，蓄积了大量的能量。接着，这种能量被转移到尾巴上，鲨鱼快速运动起来，剩下的事情就可想而知了。海豚是速度最快的纪录保持者海豚是另一种快速的海洋动物，这种海洋哺乳动物的速度为每小时20英里。研究海豚的生物学家们发现，就像鲨鱼一样，海豚的快速游动可以追溯到其皮肤。海豚的皮肤是这样构成的：它对流过其身体的水流产生的阻力很小。通常情况下，当鱼或其他动物在水中缓慢游动时，水流会平稳地流过它们的身体。这种平稳的水流被称为层流。然而，当鱼快速移动时，其周围的水流就变得湍急起来。这种乱流使摩擦加大，降低了鱼的速度。海豚的皮肤弹性很大，可以随着水波的波形而弯曲。实际上，水波是被卷进了海豚皮肤的皱褶处。这样，其余的水就以层流的方式从其身边平稳地流过。其他动物快速游动时，由于受到乱流的阻碍，其速度就降低了；但是，海豚却能够以破纪录的速度在水中快速穿行。其他的低速动物并不是所有的动物都能像鲨鱼和海豚一样快速地游动。在运动效率方面最大的输家可能是蛞蝓（鼻涕虫）。它看起来就像没有壳的蜗牛，其爬行过的地方会留下一条细细的踪迹。它要使用大量的能量制造黏滑的黏液，以便在其上爬行。移动同样的距离，老鼠只需要其所耗费能量的十二分之一。科学家们认为，由于蛞蝓（鼻涕虫）利用能量的效率很低，所以它的生活必然受到一定的限制。换句话说，它们都被迫把自己束缚在很小的区域之中来搜寻食物和寻找合适的生活条件。人类曾经面临过这样的问题吗?1.【答案】D)【解析】属同义转换题，本题是一种排除选择题。根据题干中的中心词“movement to do something”，可以将答案定位在小标题“Moving to Survive”下第二段的前两句话，“Like the shark, most animals use movement to find food. They also use locomotion to escape enemies, find a mate, and explore now territories”。该句与题干是一种同义转换，选项A)、B)和C)在原文中均有提及，所以不是正确选项；答案D)在原文没有提及，所以是正确答案。2.【答案】B)【解析】属细节推断题。题干考查汽车、火箭和潜艇的例子是为了说明什么，其中的“examples of automobiles, rockets and submarines”是关键词，可以将答案定位在文章小标题“Moving to Survive”下第三段的前两句话，“Humans have the added advantage of using their various inventions to move about in just about any kind of environment. Automobiles, rockets, and submarines transport humans from deep oceans to as far away as the moon”，第二句话所举例子正是为了说明第一句话的内容，这与B)项意思一致，而其他选项在文中均未提及。3.【答案】A)【解析】属细节推断题。分析题干，本题考查鲨鱼在水中快速游动的关键是什么。其中的“key”是关键词，可以将答案定位在小标题“Skin Is the Key”下首段的第一句话，“The biologists discovered that the skin of the shark is the key to the animals high efficiency in swimming through the water”，这与选项A)完全一致，所以直接选择A)即可。其他选项在文中均有提及，但是都不符合题干的要求。4.【答案】D)【解析】属细节推断题。题干中的“the Duke University scientists”是关键词，可以将答案定位在小标题“Skin Is the Key”下第二段的第一句话，“The Duke University biologists have found that the greatest stretching occurs where the shark bends its body while swimming”。这与选项D)的内容完全一致，所以答案选D)项，而其他选项原文均未提及，为干扰项。5.【答案】C)【解析】属细节推断题。题干中“a belted radial tire”是关键词，可以将答案锁定在文章小标题“Source of Energy”下第一段的第三句话，“Just as a radial tire is inflated by pressure, so, too, is the area just under the sharks collagen radials”。其中的“just as”和“so”正说明了两者的相似之处在于“inflated by pressure”，所以答案应该是C)。选项A)和B)是两者的不同之处，选项D)在文中没有提及。6.【答案】A)【解析】属细节推断题。题干中的关键词是“a laminar flow”，所以可以将答案锁定在文章小标题“Dolphin Has Speed Record”下，根据该节第一段的倒数第三、四句话，“Normally when a fish or other object moves slowly through the water, the water flows smoothly past the body. This smooth flow is known as laminar flow.”。题干是对这两句话的改写，所以正确答案是A)选项。其他三个选项的意思均不符合“a laminar flow”的定义，与题干要求不符。7.【答案】C)www.xamda.CoM考试就到考试大【解析】属同义转换题。题干中“a slug”和“a mouse”均为关键词，可以直接定位在小标题“Other Animals Less Efficient”下第一段的第二句话，“It uses so much energy . a mouse traveling the same distance uses only one twelfth as much energy”。题干是对该句的同义改写，所以正确答案是C)12 times，其他选项均与原文内容不符。8. 【答案】feeling the vibrations of a struggling prey【解析】鲨鱼靠感受猎物游动的震动来发现猎物。9. 【答案】collagen fibers【解析】在Skin Is the Key中，第二、三句话，The fibers are called collagen fibers。10.【答案】some fantastic involuntary changes【解析】 在Source of Energy中，第二段倒数第一句话就是本题答案。Part Listening ComprehensionSection A11. W：Would you like to order now?M：Yes. Please show me the menu.Q：Where are the man and the woman now?【答案】D)【解析】从 order 和menu两个词中可以判断说话人是在餐厅就餐。12. W：How long have you been driving?M：Actually I began driving when I was thirteen. But I didnt get a license until I was sixteen.Q：When did the man start driving?【答案】C)【解析】 说话人说自己十三岁就开始开车，十六岁拿到驾照。十六岁为干扰项，正确答案是十三岁。13. W：Excuse me, could you please tell me when the bank is open?M：Its open from 9 am. to 5 pm. on weekdays, and 10 am. to 4 pm. on Saturdays.Q：When is the bank open?【答案】A)【解析】 女士问银行何时开门，男士回答说平日里是上午九点到下午五点，周六是上午十点到下午四点。此处 weekdays 指“在每个工作日 (指星期一至星期五)”。14. M：Didnt you go shopping today? Wheres the tobacco you promised to bring me?W：I planned to, but the car was out of order so I did some sewing instead.Q：What did the woman do today?【答案】B)【解析】 男士问女士为何没去购物。女士回答说本来打算去的，但是车子有点问题，所以就在家做了些针线活。15. W：If any of you give me a hand, I could finish this job before five oclock.M：I would like to, but I cant. Mr. Brown told me to type some letters before I go home.Q：What did Mr. Brown ask the man to do?【答案】C)【解析】 男士跟女士解释说他很乐意帮她，但是他没办法，布朗先生要他回家之前打印一些信件。从男士的回答中我们可以直接找到答案。16. M：You work harder than Merry.W：But Linda works even harder.Q：Who works the hardest?【答案】C)【解析】 男士说女士比梅丽工作努力，女士说琳达比自己还要努力。因此，工作最努力的人是琳达。17. W：Would you like a cup of coffee to help you wake up?M：A cup of coffee? Ill need three or four.Q：What does the man mean?【答案】C)【解析】 女士问男士是否需要一杯咖啡帮他提神。男士回答说一杯不行，要三四杯。由此可见答案。18. W：Excuse me, wheres the cashiers office? Ive come to pay a bill.M：Its on the 2nd floor, the 3rd room on the right.Q：Wheres the cashiers office?【答案】A)【解析】 女士问出纳员的办公室在哪儿，男士说在二楼右边第三个房间。3rd room 为干扰项，2nd 才是正确答案。Conversation OneM：I really dont know what to do this summer. I cant afford to just sit around, and there dont seem to be any jobs available.W：Why dont you try house-sitting? Last summer my friend Margaret house-sat for the Dodds when they are away on vacation. Mr. Dodd hired Margaret to stay in their house because he didnt want it left empty.M：You mean the Dodds paid Margaret just to live in their house?W：It wasnt that easy. She had to mow the lawn and water the house plants. And when Eric house-sat for Dr. Cohen, he had to take care of her pets.M：House-sitting sounds like a good job. I guess its a little like baby-sitting, expect you are taking care of the house instead of children.W：The Student Employment Office still has a few jobs posted.M：Do you have to fill out an application?W：Margaret and Eric had to interview with the house owners and provide three references each.M：That seems like a lot of trouble for a summer job.W：Well, the house owners want some guarantee that they can trust the house-sitter. You know, they want to make sure youre not the type wholl throw wild parties in their house, or move a group of friends in with you.M：House-sitters who do that sort of things probably arent paid then?W：Usually theyre paid anyway just because the house owners dont want to make a fuss. But if the house owner reported it, then the house-sitter wouldnt be able to get another job. So why dont you apply?M：Yeah, I think I will.Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.19. What does the man want to do this summer?20. What did the Dodds do when they went away last summer?21. What is one responsibility the house-sitter probably wouldnt have?22. How do house owners determine the reliability of a house-sitter?19. 【答案】D)【解析】 对话一开始男士即说暑假不能待着，但似乎没有什么可行的工作，即说明他想假期做一份兼职。20. 【答案】A)【解析】 Mr. Dodd hired Margaret to stay in their house because he didnt want it left empty. 从这一句中可以看出 Dodd一家去年夏天外出时，他们雇了Margaret 在他们家看家。 21. 【答案】C)【解析】 House-sitting sounds like a good job. I guess its a little like baby-sitting, expect you are taking care of the house instead of children. 从这句话中可看出 house-sitting的工作类似于保姆 baby-sitting，只是除了要照顾孩子。22. 【答案】B)【解析】 Margaret and Eric had to interview with the house owners and provide three references each. 从这句话中可以看出房屋主人对应聘者进行了面试，并且每位应聘者分别提供三份介绍信。Conversation TwoM：Youve worked in a university before, havent you?W：Yes, in Britain, yes.M：What, how do students go about getting jobs when they graduate?W：Well, most universities have a Careers Advice Service. I used to know the people in the Careers Advice Service in Newcastle University and they, in fact, seem fairly successful in finding jobs for students. They are able to get jobs for 30%40% of new graduates.M：That seems a fairly low percentage.W：Well.its not if you consider the various other options which people take up. For example, there are a fair number of people I donknow the exact number, who go into further study, who carry straight on into masters degrees. Either at the same university or another university. So thats fair chunk. Then there are others, a second group of people, who decide not to take a career job immediately after university. Instead, they decide to take time off, maybe see the world, and.and.well there is a third group, the people who cant actually get the jobs they wait for， a job they really want. So when I say 30%40% find jobs through the careers service, that doesnt mean that only that number find jobs. A lot of other people find jobs through the newspapers.M：So it is quite high really, yes.W：Oh, I think so, relatively, yes. And quite a lot of other people of course look in newspapers and the particular journals or magazines which advertise jobs in the fields theyre interested in. Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.23. What are the man and the woman talking about?24. What is the percentage of college graduates getting jobs through university help?25. What do most college graduates in Britain do when they graduate?23. 【答案】C)【解析】 两个人讨论的是关于大学生毕业后找工作的问题，通过什么渠道找工作。job hunting 即为找工作之意。24. 【答案】B)【解析】 女士介绍说大学里的介绍工作的服务机构可以帮助30%40% 的毕业生找到工作。四个选项里只有三分之一在这个数字范围之内。25. 【答案】A)【解析】 大多数毕业生毕业之后是去找工作，他们通过学校的工作介绍机构，或者通过报纸、杂志等找工作。Section BPassage OneIs your family interested in buying a dog? A dog can be a happy addition to your family, but if you choose the wrong kind of dog, the consequences can cause you a lot of trouble.Families should sit down and thoroughly discuss the problems involved before buying a dog. Even if the children in your family are the ones who want the dogs, the parents are the ones who are really responsible for seeing that the animal is properly cared for. If you dont know much about dogs, its a good idea to go to the library or the ASPCA for books about various kinds of dogs, as well as books about how to train a puppy. When a book describes a dog as an ideal hunting dog, it probably means that the dog wont be happy living in a small apartment. Dog breeds vary in popularity as the years go by. One of the most popular dogs these days is the German shepherd. This is because it provides protection as well as companionship. The family should be warned that these dogs grow up to be very big, and may be too powerful for children to handle. If space is limited, a toy dog may be a good choice. These dogs are very small and easy to train. They dont need to be walked daily, since they can exercise in the space available in the home.Questions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard.26. What is the main topic of the talk?27. According to the speaker who was really responsible for the dogs welfare?28. When is the toy dog a good choice?26. 【答案】A)【解析】 本文主要讲了养小狗做家庭宠物要十分细心慎重。如果选择不慎的话，会带来许多问题。27. 【答案】C)【解析】 说话者认为父母才是最应该对小狗负责的人。从这句话中就可以看出来：the parents are the ones who are really responsible for seeing that the animal is properly cared for.28. 【答案】C)【解析】 当你的住房面积很小的时候，养一只小型狗是很好的选择。文中有明确地指出：If space is limited, a toy dog may be a good choice.Passage TwoEverywhere we look, we see Americans running. They run for every reason anybody could think of. They run for health, for beauty, to lose weight, to feel fit, and because it is the thing they love to do. Every year, for example, thousands of people run in one race, the Boston Marathon, the best known long distance race in the United States. In recent years there have been nearly 5,000 official competitors and it takes three whole minutes for the crowd of runners just to cross the starting line.来源：考试大的美女编辑们You may have heard the story of the Greek runner, Pheidippides. He ran from Marathon to Athens to deliver the news of the great victory 2,500 years ago. No one knows how long it took him to run the distance. But the story tells us that he died of the effort. Today no one will die in a Marathon race. But at the finish line, we see what this race is about; not being first, but finishing. The real victory is not over ones fellow runners, but over ones own body. It is a victory of will-power over fatigue. In the Boston Marathon, each person who crosses that finish line is a winner.Questions 29 to 31 are based on the passage you have just heard.29. How long does it take for the runners to cross the starting line in recent Marathon race?30. Why did the Greek runner run from Marathon to Athens?31. Why is a person who crosses the finish line a winner?29. 【答案】A)【解析】 细节题。第一段提到在最近的比赛中，选手们穿过起跑线都需要3分钟的时间。30. 【答案】C)【解析】 细节题。见第二段， “He ran from Marathon to Athens to deliver the news of the great victory 2,500 years ago”，由此可知，是为了传达胜利的消息。31. 【答案】C)【解析】推断题。见第二段，“The real victory is not over ones fellow runners, but over ones own body”，可知真正的胜利不是战胜对手，而是战胜自己。Passage ThreeOf all the stars the sun is the nearest to the earth. Millions of other stars are even bigger and brighter than the sun. They look small only because they are much father away. You cant see them in the daytime. But if you go out at night, youll be able to see thousands of them.The earth is one of the suns planets, and the moon is the nearest to the earth in space, and men have visited it already. No man has traveled farther than the moon, but spaceships without people have reached other planets.Many countries have sent up man-made satellites to circle the earth. With their help, people have done much research in many fields of science. Our countries sometimes have sent up manmade satellites to send and receive TV programs. This has helped the people of China and other countries to understand each other better.Questions 32 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.32. What do we learn about the sun?33. Which planet have some people reached?34. What can we do because of the manmade satellites?35. What do we learn from the passage?32. 【答案】B)【解析】细节题。见第一段第一句，所有的恒星中太阳是离地球最近的一个。33. 【答案】A)【解析】细节题。见第二段第二句，没有人到达过比月球更远的地方，但人造卫星到达了其他的星球。34. 【答案】C)【解析】 总结题。见第三段第二句和最后一句，由此可总结人造卫星既可以帮人们展开研究，也可以增进人们之间的了解。35. 【答案】A)【解析】 细节题。见第二段第一句，“The earth is one of the suns planets”，由此可知，地球是一个行星。Section C36. 【答案】fun【解析】假期购物对许多人来说是件令人兴奋而有趣的事，fun表示“有趣”。37. 【答案】perfect【解析】此处应填形容词 perfect, 表示“极好的，完美的”。38. 【答案】lastminute【解析】此处应填复合名词 lastminute, 表示“最后一刻”。39. 【答案】entire【解析】此处应填形容词 entire, 表示“全部的，整个的”。40. 【答案】stores【解析】此处应填名词 store 的复数形式 stores, 指“商店”。41. 【答案】enthusiasm【解析】此处应填名词 enthusiasm。Full of enthusiasm 表示“充满热情的”，相当于 be enthusiastic。42. 【答案】dozen【解析】a dozen 意为“一打、很多”。43. 【答案】Overall来源：考试大【解析】该词位于句首，首字母必须大写，所以此处填首字母大写的副词Overall，表示“大致上，全部地”。44. 【答案】 Roughly 60 million Americans will buy at least some of their gifts via their computers【解析】大约六千万美国人通过电脑购买部分礼品。45. 【答案】Internet shopping is no longer new or unusual for people【解析】网上购物对人们来说已不是新鲜事了。46. 【答案】Its all about making the shopping experience more efficient, more reliable and more comfortable.【解析】此句是说：网上购物使得人们购物更高效、可靠和舒适。Part Reading Comprehension(Reading