高考英语二轮专题复习与测试 第一篇 第一章 完形填空 第四节 智用常识推断法课件.ppt

第一篇语言知识及应用第四节智用常识推断法 所谓常识推断法 指的是解题时将文段意思和我们原有的生活经验 文化背景知识以及科普常识等结合起来 进行简单推理 从而得出正确答案的方法 事实上 这种技巧与 逻辑推理法 常常交织在一起 一 考查生活经验常识的运用 例1whetherapersonreceiveshelpdependsinpartonthe worth ofthecase forexample shoppersinasupermarketweremorelikelytogivesomeonemoneytobuymilkratherthantobuycookies probablybecausemilkisthoughtmoreessentialfor 1 thancookies passengersonanewyorksubwayweremorelikelytohelpamanwhofelltothegroundifheappearedtobe 2 ratherthandrunk 1 a shoppersb researchc childrend health2 a talkativeb handsomec calmd sick 1 解析 根据常识可知 对于健康 health 牛奶要比饼干更重要 答案 d2 解析 根据常识可知 比起因醉酒倒地的人来说 人们会更愿意帮助一个因生病 sick 而倒地的人 答案 d 例2therearetimeswhenpeoplearesotiredthattheyfallasleepalmostanywhere wecanseethereisalotofsleepingonthebusortrainonthewayhomefromworkintheevenings amanwillbereadingthenewspaper andsecondslateritappearsasifheistryingto 1 it amoreembarrassing 尴尬 situationoccurswhenastudentstartsfallingintosleepandtheweightoftheheadpushesthearmoffthedesk andthemovementcarriestherestofthebodyalong thestudentwakesuponthefloorwithno 2 ofgettingthere 1 a openb eatc findd finish2 a memoryb reasonc questiond purpose 1 解析 根据常识可知 因为坐车打瞌睡会不断地点头 又因为头部靠近报纸 所以看起来像是要吃 eat 报纸一样 答案 b2 解析 根据常识可知 当一个人睡着了 他就不记得 memory 睡觉时发生的事情 答案 a 二 考查学科常识的运用 例1forthestudentwhoisnotadjustingwellatschool callstohomewillprobablybemademorefrequently thiscircumstancecanbringachallengingperiodforbothparentandchild fortheparentsathome itcanbeterriblydisturbingtosensetheirchildisunhappy itisdifficulttojudgehowweshouldreacttothischallenge as wewanttobringourchildrenhometothesafetyofournest inourparent teacherrole wewanttocutthetiesandallowourchildtheopportunitytomakeitonhis herown a protectorsb remindersc inspectorsd individuals 根据法律常识可知 父母当然是自己孩子的监护人 protectors a 例1 someinsistthatstealingisalwayswrong butothersthinkthatonedoesnotneedtofeelso whenstealingsomefoodtoeat ifhelivesinareallypoorareaandheisstarving a nervousb anxiousc afraidd guilty 根据法律常识可知 偷东西是违法行为 会让人感到有罪的 guilty d 例1iwasgrowingupinkualalumpurintheearly1960s whenchildrenfromdifferentracesandreligionsplayedandstudiedtogetherinharmony atthattimemyfamilylivedastone s fromismail s andnoonewasbotheredthatismailwasamalaymuslimandiwasanindianhindu a dropb throwc moved roll 三 考查文化背景知识的运用 b 根据英语文化常识可知 astone sthrow是固定习语 意为 在附近 离 一箭之远 句意 那时候 我家离ismail的家很近 例2tomakesurethathewasrememberedwithloveandrespect nobelarrangedinhiswilltogivethelargestpartofhismoneyto 1 thenobelprizes whichwouldbeawardedtopeoplewhomadegreat 2 tothecausesofpeace literature andthesciences sobasically nobelhadtodiebeforeherealizedwhathislifewasreallyabout 1 a establishb formc developd promote2 a additionsb sacrificesc changesd contributions 1 解析 根据常识可知 诺贝尔奖是由诺贝尔的大部分遗产建立 establish 起来的 答案 a2 解析 根据常识可知 诺贝尔奖是奖励那些为和平 文学 科学作出巨大贡献 contribution 的人 答案 d 利用常识推断法完成下列各题 1 amajorfrenchnewspapermistookhisbrotherforhimandcarriedanarticle thedeathofalfrednobel themerchantofdeathisdead thearticleread a introducingb announcingc implyingd advertising 即学即练 解析 由常识可知 报社应是 发布 消息 故选b 答案 b 2 immediately theofficersjumpedintotheircarsandrushedtothe hospital a animalb biggestc plantd nearest 解析 根据常识 在这样紧急的情况下 人们的第一反应是到最近的医院就医 故选d 答案 d 解析 根据常识 沙漠地区属于干旱地带 故选a 答案 a 3 theamountofusablewaterhasalwaysbeenofgreatinterestintheworld owningspringsandstreamssometimesmeanscontrol particularlyinthe areaslikethedesert a dryb distantc desertedd wild 4 ithadbeenayearsincesusanbecameblind astheresultofanaccident shewassuddenlythrownintoaworldof a weaknessb sicknessc darknessd sadness 解析 根据常识 一个人既然盲了 她的世界自然是黑暗的 故选c 答案 c 5 thisstatueis ofcourse thestatueofliberty thestatueoflibertyisawomanwhoholdsa uphigh a caneb candlec torchd lamp 解析 根据文化背景和常识 自由女神像手里拿着的是火炬 torch 故选c 答案 c 6 thegirlwasabletoleadherbirdstorunacrossthegrass butshecouldnotteachthemto a flyb racec swimd sing 解析 根据常识 人类可以race swim或sing 但是不会直接像鸟一样振翅飞翔 因此小女孩不能教给鸟儿飞翔 故选a 答案 a 7 everywhere therewerethepaperremainsofusedfireworkslyingontheground littleboyslitmoreandcoveredtheirearsastheywaited fortheexplosions a patientlyb calmlyc worriedlyd excitedly 解析 语境中的 everywhere therewerethepaperremainsofusedfireworkslyingontheground 和 coveredtheirears 使我们联想起节日放鞭炮或观看别人放鞭炮的情景 即点上鞭炮后兴奋地跑开 捂着耳朵等着爆炸 故选d 答案 d 8 firestationsarestrangelyexcitingplaces inthenormalcourseofeventsthegreatdoorsareshut andbehindthem thefire engineswaitpeacefully brightlycleanedandlovinglycaredfor butthemomentthefirealarmsounds thehugedoorsopenimmediatelyandthefiremencome a fleeingb laughingc jumpingd rushing 解析 根据生活常识 每当有火警的时候消防队员都是快速出动 此处用rushing表示方式 修饰come 故选d 答案 d 9 everymorningshewouldgivehimbreakfastinbedandbringhimthepapersto a checkb readc keepd sign 解析 根据文化背景知识 外国人有早上读报的习惯 句中papers即报纸 newspapers 故选b 答案 b 10 sometimesireallydoubtwhetherthereislovebetweenmyparents theyareverybusyworkingtosupportthefamily theydon tactintheromanticwaysthatireadinbooksoriseeontv flowerstoeachotheronvalentine sdayisevenmoreoutofthequestion a takingb passingc buyingd sending 解析 根据文化背景知识 valentine sday为西方国家的情人节 这一天情人之间 夫妻之间一般是要互送鲜花来庆祝的 故选d 答案 d 11 robertaappearedonthestage shetookadeepbreathandbegantospeak nowshewasportia astrong willed inshakespeare sthemerchantofvenice thetheatrewasfilledwithpeople shewasspeakingwithapowershehadneverexperiencedbefore thewordsflowingsmoothlyfromher a memberb actressc playerd character 解析 本题考查文化背景知识 莎士比亚为英国文学巨匠 威尼斯商人 是其广为人知的作品 机智 漂亮的portia 鲍西娅 是其中character 角色 之一 故选d 答案 d 12 itwasabusymorning about8 30 whenanelderlygentlemaninhis80scametothehospital iheardhimsayingtothenursethathewasinahurryforappointment 约会 at9 30 thenursehadh