《Unit 3 Teenagers should be allowed to choose their own clothes》课件（2）.ppt

unit3teenagersshouldbeallowedtochoosetheirownclothes period1 2 englishisspokenbymanypeople dachangjiniswatchedontvbymanypeople theticketsaboutheroesaresoldout riceisplantedinsouthchina heissaidagoodboy grammar被动语态1 语态 表示主语和谓语动词之间的关系 英语中有 两态 的说法 即主动语态和被动语态 本单元中反复出现的shouldbeallowed就是一个含有情态动词 should 的被动语态 先看几个基本概念主语是动作的发出者为主动语态主语是动作的接受者为被动语态只有及物动词才有被动语态 2 被动语态的构成一般现在时的被动语态为 主 am is are not 过去分词一般过去时的被动语态为 主 was were 过去分词如 butterismadefrommilk thishousewasbuilt100yearsago theofficeiscleanedeveryday theofficewascleanedyesterday 现在进行时被动语态的构成为主语 is am are being 过去分词再如 mycarisbeingrepairednow somenewhousesarebeingbuiltnearthepark 公园附近在建一些房子 现在完成时被动语态的构成为主语 have has been 过去分词如 mykeyhasbeenstolen mykeyshavebeenstolen iamnotgoingtotheparty ihaven tbeeninvited 含有情态动词的被动语态情态动词 be 过去分词anotehadbetterbelefttohim teenagersshouldbeallowedtoweartheirownclothes 这里我们列举了几个主要时态 那么其它时态呢 一般将来时主语 will be 过去分词过去将来时主语 would should be 过去分词过去进行时主语 was were being 过去分词过去完成时主语 had been 过去分词 被动语态的时态是由be的时态决定的 be是什么时态 全句就是什么时态 be动词后面的过去分词不变 归纳 肯定句 主语 be 过去分词 by 否定句 主语 benot 过去分词 by 一般疑问句 be 主语 过去分词 by 特殊疑问句 疑问词 be 主语 过去分词 by 3 被动语态的用法 1 不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁 不用by 动作执行者短语suchbooksarewrittenforchildren 这些书是为儿童写的 ihaven tbeentoldaboutit 没有人告诉我这件事 2 强调动作的承受者 这时应用by短语 thecupwasbrokenbydavid 3 作客观说明时 常采用一种被动语态句型it s wassaid believed reported that it sreportedthataboutthreehundredpeoplewerekilledinthisearthquake 据报道 这次地震中大约有三百人死亡 4 主动语态变为被动语态把主动语态的句子变为被动语态的方法是 1 把原句中的宾语变为主语 2 动词改为被动形式 即be 过去分词 3 原来的主语 如果需要的话 放在by后面 如果没必要 可省略 注意事项 主动语态变成被动语态应注意事项从主动语态到被动语态的过程中主语 谓语动词 宾语都发生变化 注意主格与宾格的变化形式 注意主语的人称及数的变化对be动词带来的影响 注意be动词的时态形式取决于原主动语态的动词时态形式 5 被动语态的几种类型 1 有两个宾语的句子的被动语态 直接宾语 间接宾语 常见的接双宾语的动词有通常这种句子可以改为以 人 当主语 和以 物 当作主语的两种被动语态 如 hegavemeabook iwasgivenabookbyhim 以i做主语 abookwasgiventomebytom 以物book作主语 heteachesusenglish wearetaughtenglishbyhim 以人当主语 englishistaughtusbyhim 以物作主语 2 含有宾语补足语的句子的被动语态keep make三类的动词常常有宾语补足语 在被动语态中 宾语补足语位置不变 wekeepfoodfreshinthefridge 主谓宾宾补 foodiskeptfreshinthefridge isawhimgointotheofficebuilding hewasseentogointotheofficebuilding 英语中有 十大动词 的说法 即feel hear listen have make let look watch see notice 这些词在主动句中 其后的动词不定式不加to 但变被动句时必须加to 3 含有短语的主动语态变被动语态不及物动词没有宾语 因此没有被动语态 但有的不及物动词后面加上介词及其他一些词类构成短语动词之后 其作用相当于及物动词 可以接宾语 因而也可以变为被动语态 在变成被动语态时 不能去掉构成短语动词的介词或副词 theytakegoodcareofmychild mychildistakengoodcareof 他们把我的孩子照顾得很好 iturnedofftheradio theradiowasturnedoff byme 附 动词短语的被动语态takecareof betakencareofcutdown becutdownlaughat belaughedatlookafter belookedafter 下列这些短语本身即是被动语态的形式 不需再加 bybecoveredwith 用 覆盖着beinterestedin 对 感兴趣besurprisedat 对 感到惊奇bemadeof from 用 制造的 4 由情态动词形成的被动语态含有情态动词的句子在变为被动语态时 在情态动词后面加上be动词即可 其句型如下 肯定句 主语 情态动词 can may must be 过去分词 否定句 主语 情态动词 not be 过去分词 疑问句 情态动词 can may must 主语 be 过去分词 如 weshouldallowteenagerstosurftheinternet teenagersshouldbeallowedtosurftheinternet canyouuseit 你会使用它吗 canitbeused 6 不能用于被动语态的几种情况 1 当主动结构中的宾语是反身代词和相互代词时 不能改为被动语态 weoftenhelpeachother 我们常常互相帮助 2 当谓语是表状态的及物动词时 如have like takeplace belongto 如 iliketheseflowers 我喜欢这些花 iwillhaveameeting 不说ameetingwillbehad 应说ameetingwillbeheld 填空 完成被动语态填空 1 theyoftencleantheirclassroomafterschool 改为被动语态 theirclassroom often bythemafterschool 2 lileigavetomanewpenlastweek 同上 anewpen tomlastweek is cleaned wasgivenby 3 alotofpeopleinchinacanspeakenglishnow 同上 english byalotofpeopleinchinanow 4 ihavelearnedenglishforabouttwoyears 同上 english forabouttwoyears 5 theywillpublishthesestory booksnextmonth 同上 thesestory books nextmonth canbespoken hasbeenlearned willbepublished 三 用所给单词完成句子1 theoffice clean yesterday theofficewascleanedyesterday 2 thehouse paint lastmonth thehouse 3 threepeople injure intheaccident 4 mybicycle steal afewdaysago 5 when thisbridge build waspaintedlastmonth threepeoplewereinjuredintheaccident mybicyclewasstolenafewdaysago whenwasthisbridgebuilt 6 you invite tothepartylastweek 7 how thesewindows break 8 i not wakeup bythenoise wereyouinvitedtothepartylastweek howwerethesewindowsbroken iwasn twokenupbythenoise 一 被动语态专项练习 选择填空 1 insomecountries tea withmilkandsugar a isservingb isservedc servesd served2 greatchanges inmyhometownsince1980 a havebeentakenplaceb tookplacec havetakenplaced weretakenplace b c 3 thenewtypeofcarisgoingto inthreeyears a turnoutb beturnedoutc hasturnedoutd havebeenturnedout4 thewomanmurderedherfriendand to a wassentenced deathb sentencing diec sentenced deathd sentenced die b a 5 doyouliketheskirt it soft a isfeelingb feltc feelsd isfelt6 areyoustillhere youwerehereanhourago who for a areyouwaitingb didyouwaitc wereyouwaitingd doyouwait c a 9 theletter threedaysagoandit yesterday a hadpost hadarrivedb wasposted arrivedc posted arrivedd hadbeenposted wasarrived10 hetoldmethatthefinalexamination nextthursday a isgivenb willbegivenc wouldhavegivend wouldbegiven b d 11 water intoice a willchangedb mustbechangedc shouldchanged canbechanged12 plays twiceamonthinthattheatre a putonb areputonc wasputond oftenputon d b 13 thebirds flyawaylastsaturday a lettob islettoc wasletd wereletto14 astrangesound yesterdayevening a washeardb hearsc heardd isheard15 abeautifulbike himbyhisclassmates a senttob willsenttoc wassenttod willbesentfor d a c 16 misschen just tospeakatthemeeting a has beenaskedb hasbeen askedc havebeen askedd have beenasked17 meat outinthisshop wecan now a havebeensold getnothingb hasbeensold getnothingc hasbeensold getsomed havebeensold getsome a b 18 thenewplay intheatrenow whydon tyougoinandseeit a isbeingshownb isshowingc isshownd shows19 canyoutell a whendidithappenb whenwasithappenedc whenithappenedd whenitwashappened a c 20 thejob bylucyorbyjohn tellmethetruth please a has finishedb has beingfinishedc is finishd has beenfinished d 用所给动词的适当时态和语态填空1 when thefirstman madesatellite send upintospace 2 lastyearvegetables grow inthegardenbytomandhe sell themhimself 3 she help himwithhishomeworktomorrowevening 4 howmanymagazines canborrow inyourlibraryeveryweek homework 5 john hear togoupstairstwohoursago 6 who save herfather he save bythatpoliceman 7 thedoctor sendfor becausehisgrandpawasill 8 mooncakes make byhismothereveryyear yourmother make mooncakesforyoueveryyear 9 sometoys buy asaprese