高考英语 考前100天冲刺 专题3 词义猜测题课件.ppt

三 词义猜测题 unit1a 2012 新课标全国卷 a 话题 人与动物词数 289w难度 honey 蜂蜜 fromtheafricanforestisnotonlyakindofnaturalsugar itisalsodelicious mostpeople andmanyanimals likeeatingit however theonlywayforthemtoget thathoneyistofindawildbees nest 巢 andtakethehoneyfromit often thesenestsarehighupintrees anditisdifficulttofindthem inpartsofafrica though peopleandanimalslookingforhoneyhaveastrangeandunexpectedhelper alittlebirdcalledahoneyguide thehoneyguidedoesnotactuallylikehoney butitdoeslikethewax 蜂蜡 inthebeehives 蜂房 thelittlebirdcannotreachthiswax whichisdeepinsidethebees nest so whenitfindsasuitablenest itlooksforsomeonetohelpit thehoneyguidegivesaloudcrythatattractstheattentionofbothpassing animalsandpeople onceithastheirattention itfliesthroughtheforest waitingfromtimetotimeforthecuriousanimalorpersonasitleadsthemtothenest whentheyfinallyarriveatthenest thefollowerreachesintogetatthedelicioushoneyasthebirdpatientlywaitsandwatches someofthehoney andthewax alwaysfallstotheground andthisiswhenthehoneyguidetakesitsshare scientistsdonotknowwhythehoneyguidelikeseatingthewax butitisverydeterminedinitseffortstogetit thebirdsseemtobeabletosmellwaxfromalongdistanceaway theywillquicklyarrivewheneverabeekeeperistakinghoneyfromhisbeehives andwillevenenterchurcheswhenbeeswaxcandlesarebeinglit 语篇导读 本文主要讲了在非洲森林里想得到蜂蜜的人有一个意外的蜂蜜向导来帮助 和蜂蜜向导怎样得到自己的食物以及寻找蜂蜜的人或动物在它的帮助下又是怎样得到蜂蜜的 1 whyisitdifficulttofindawildbees nest a it ssmallinsize b it shiddenintrees c it scoveredwithwax d it shardtorecognize 解析 选b 细节理解题 根据第一段的 often thesenestsarehighupintrees anditisdifficulttofindthem 可知 因为蜂巢隐藏在很高的树上 所以很难找到 故选b 2 whatdothewords thefollower inparagraph2referto a abee b abird c ahoneyseeker d abeekeeper 解析 选c 猜测词义题 根据上下文可知 此处指寻找蜂蜜的动物或人 ahoneyseeker寻找蜂蜜者 故选c beekeeper表示 养蜂人 3 thehoneyguideisspecialintheway a itgetsitsfoodb itgoestochurchc itsingsintheforestd itreachesintobees nests 解析 选a 推理判断题 本文详细地讲了蜂蜜向导是怎样得到它想要的食物的 并且这种得到食物的方法很特殊 故选a 4 whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext a wildbeesb waxandhoneyc beekeepinginafricad honey lover shelper 解析 选d 主旨大意题 本文主要讲了在非洲森林里想得到蜂蜜的人有一个意外的蜂蜜向导来帮助 和蜂蜜向导怎样得到自己的食物以及寻找蜂蜜的人或动物在它的帮助下又是怎样得到蜂蜜的 所以选d 长难句分析 onceithastheirattention itfliesthroughtheforest waitingfromtimetotimeforthecuriousanimalorpersonasitleadsthemtothenest 分析 此句中onceithastheirattention是once 一旦 引导的条件状语从句 waitingfromtimetotimeforthecuriousanimalorpersonasitleadsthemtothenest是现在分词作伴随状语 在这个现在分词短语中asitleadsthemtothenest是as引导的原因状语从句 译文 一旦它 蜂蜜向导 引起了他们的注意 它就飞过森林 经常等着好奇的动物或者人 因为它要带他们到蜂巢那儿 b 2012 全国卷 b 话题 体育运动词数 285w难度 youmaythinkthatsailingisadifficultsport butitisreallynothardtolearnit youdonotneedtobestrong butyouneedtobequick andyouneedtounderstandafewbasicrulesaboutthewind first youmustaskyourself whereisthewindcomingfrom isitcomingfromaheadorbehindorfromtheside youmustthinkaboutthisallthetimeontheboat thewinddirectiontellsyouwhattodowiththesail let sstartwiththewindblowingfrombehind thismeansthewindandtheboataregoinginthesamedirection thenyoumustalwayskeepthesailoutsidetheboat itshouldbeata90 angle 角度 totheboat thenitwillcatchthewindbest ifthewindisblowingfromtheside itisblowingacrosstheboat inthiscase youmustkeepthesailhalfwayoutsidetheboat itshouldbeata45 angletotheboat itneedstobeoutfarenoughtocatchthewind butitshouldn tflap 摆动 itshouldn tlooklikeaflagonaflagpole ifitisflapping itisprobablyouttoofar andtheboatwillslowdown sailingintothewindisnotpossible ifyoutry thesailwillflapandtheboatwillstop youmaywanttogointhatdirection itispossible butyoucan tgoinastraightline youmustgofirstinonedirectionandtheninanother thisiscalledtacking whenyouaretacking youmustalwayskeepthesailinsidetheboat 语篇导读 帆船运动说难其实也简单 只要掌握几条规则就可以了 首先就是要关注运动方向与风向 风向有别 则方法各异 5 whatshouldyouconsiderfirstwhilesailing a sailors strength b wavelevels c winddirections d sizeofsails 解析 选c 细节理解题 文章的第二段告诉我们 风向问题是我们做帆船运动时需要关注的首要问题 6 whatdoestheword it underlinedinparagraph4referto a theboat b thewind c thesail d theangle 解析 选c 词义猜测题 由文章第四段inthiscase youmustkeepthesailhalfwayoutsidetheboat itshouldbeata45 angletotheboat itneedstobeoutfarenoughtocatchthewind 帆应该和船成45度角 它应该伸得够远以便 吃 风 可见这两个句子中的it指的都是thesail 故选c 7 whatdoyouhavetodowhensailingagainstthewind a moveinastraightline b allowthesailtoflap c lowerthesail d tacktheboat 解析 选d 细节理解题 文章的最后一段显示 如果你想逆风而行 youcan tgoinastraightline youmustgofirstinonedirectionandtheninanother thisiscalledtacking 故选d 8 wherecanyouprobablyfindthetext a inapopularmagazine b inatouristguidebook c inaphysicstextbook d inanofficialreport 解析 选a 推理判断题 文章向我们介绍的是帆船运动与风向 这是社会生活的技巧和妙招 不可能出自atouristguidebook旅游指南 anofficialreport官方的报告或aphysicstextbook物理课本 故选a c 2012 安徽 c 话题 人物传记词数 254w难度 whenfridakahlo spaintingswereonshowinlondon apoetdescribedherpaintingsas aribbon 丝带 aroundabomb suchcommentsseemtosuggestkahlohadabiginfluenceontheartworldofhertime sadly sheisactuallyamuchbiggernametodaythanshewasduringhertime bornin1907inavillagenearmexicocity kahlosufferedfrompolio 小儿麻痹症 attheageofseven herspine 脊柱 becamebentasshegrewolder then in1925 herbackwasbrokeninseveralplacesinaschool busaccident throughouttherestofherlife theartisthadmanyoperations butnothingwasabletocuretheterriblepaininherback however theaccidenthadanunexpectedsideeffect whilelyinginherbedrecovering kahlotaughtherselftopaint in1929 shegotmarriedtodiegorivera anotherfamousmexicanartist rivera sstronginfluenceonkahlo sstylecanbeseeninherearlyworks butherlaterworksfromthe1940s knowntodayasherbestworks showlessinfluencefromherhusband unfortunately herworksdidnotattractmuchattentioninthe1930sand1940s eveninherhomecountry herfirstone womanshowinmexicowasnothelduntil1953 formorethanadecadeafterherdeathin1954 kahlo sworksremainedlargelyunnoticedbytheworld butinthe1970sherworksbegantogaininternationalfameatlast 语篇导读 本文是一篇有关墨西哥画家fridakahlo的人物介绍 文章叙述了这位女艺术家的生活和艺术之路 以及闻名于世的曲折历程 让我们从多个侧面了解了她的情况 9 whatdoesthephrase amuchbiggername inparagraph1mostnearlymean a afarbetterartistb afarmoregiftedartistc amuchstrongerpersond amuchmorefamousperson 解析 选d 词义猜测题 由第一段一位诗人对其作品的评价和文章后面的叙述可知 kahlo在身患残疾和遭遇车祸的情况下坚持创作 但其作品生前没有引起关注 直到20世纪70年代才获得世界声誉 amuchbiggername是强调她的famous而非better gifted和stronger 选择d项 10 theterriblepainkahlosufferedwascausedby a poliob herbentspinec backinjuriesd theoperationsshehad 解析 选c 细节理解题 根据第二段then in1925 herbackwasbrokeninseveralplacesinaschool busaccident throughouttherestofherlife theartisthadmanyoperations butnothingwasabletocuretheterriblepaininherback 可知 尽管kahlo做过多次手术 但是她极大的痛苦主要来自背痛 因此选择c项 11 kahlo sstylehadbecomeincreasinglyindependentsincethe a 1930sb 1940sc 1950sd 1970s 解析 选b 细节理解题 由文章第三段herlaterworksfromthe1940s knowntodayasherbestworks showlessinfluencefromherhusband可知 20世纪40年代是kahlo创作的分界线 她之后的作品很少受其丈夫的影响 因此选择b项 12 whatistheauthor sattitudetowardkahlo a devotion b sympathy c worry d encouragement 解析 选b 观点态度题 文章叙述了kahlo虽身患残疾又遭遇车祸 但她创作的作品在其生前及其离世后很久没有引起世界关注 直到20世纪70年代才获得世界声誉 特别是末段的unfortunately一词 足见作者对其抱有同情的态度 因此选择b项 长难句分析 rivera sstronginfluenceonkahlo sstylecanbeseeninherearlyworks butherlaterworksfromthe1940s knowntodayasherbestworks showlessinfluencefromherhusband 分析 本句是一个由but连接的并列句 knowntodayasherbestworks为过去分词短语 作非限制性定语修饰works 译文 在kahlo的早期作品中 可以看到rivera对其创作风格的强烈影响 但是如今看来她的最好的作品 即20世纪40年代之后的作品受其丈夫的影响较少 d 2012 湖北 d 话题 社会生活词数 373w难度 howisitthatsiblings 兄弟姐妹 canturnoutsodifferently oneansweristhatinfacteachsiblinggrowsupinadifferentfamily thefirstbornis forawhile anonlychild andthereforehasacompletelydifferentexperienceoftheparentsthanthosebornlater thenextchildis forawhile theyoungest untilthesituationischangedbyanewarrival themotherandfatherthemselvesarechangingandgrowinguptoo onesiblingmightliveinastableandclosefamilyinthefirstfewyears anothermightberaisedinafamilycrisis withadisappointedmotheroranangryfather siblingcompetitionwasidentifiedasanimportantshapingforceasearlyasin1918 butmorerecently researchershavefoundmanywaysinwhichbrothersandsistersarealastingforceineachothers lives dr annettehendersonsaysfirstbornchildrenpickupvocabularymorequicklythantheir siblings thereasonforthismightbethatthelaterchildrenaren tgettingthesameone on onetimewithparents butthatdoesn tmeanthattheyoungerchildrenhaveproblemswithlanguagedevelopment later bornsdon tenjoythatmuchtalkingtimewithparents butinsteadtheyharvestlessonsfrombiggerbrothersandsisters learningentirephrasesandgettinganunderstandingofsocialconceptssuchasthedifferencebetween i and me acambridgeuniversitystudyof140childrenfoundthatsiblingscreatedarichworldofplaythathelpedthemgrowsocially love haterelationshipswerecommonamongthechildren eventhosesiblingswhofoughtthemosthadjustasmuchpositivecommunicationastheothersiblingpairs onewaychildrenseekmoreattentionfromparentsisbymakingthemselvesdifferentfromtheirsiblings particularlyiftheyarecloseinage researchershavefoundthatthefirsttwochildreninafamilyaretypicallymoredifferentfromeach otherthanthesecondandthird girlswithbrothersshowtheirdifferencestoamaximumdegreebybeingmorefemininethangirlswithsisters a2003researchpaperstudiedadolescentsfrom185familiesovertwoyears findingthatthosewhochangedtomakethemselvesdifferentfromtheirsiblingsweresuccessfulinincreasingtheamountofwarmththeygainedfromtheirparents 语篇导读 兄弟姐妹之间为什么有很大的差异呢 原因是他们在家里的成长环境不一样 13 theunderlinedpart inadifferentfamily inpara 1 means a inadifferentfamilyenvironmentb inadifferentfamilytraditionc indifferentfamilycrisesd indifferentfamilies 解析 选a 词义猜测题 根据后文论述第一个出生的孩子与其后出生的孩子的成长的家庭环境不一样以及在这期间父母的变化都说明此短语的意思是同一家庭里面孩子成长的不同环境 而不是他们在不同的家庭里成长 14 intermsoflanguagedevelopment later borns a gettheirparents individualguidanceb learnalotfromtheireldersiblingsc experiencealotofdifficultiesd pickupwordsmorequickly 解析 选b 细节理解题 由第二段后半部分内容可知 后出生的孩子在语言发展上虽然与父母单独接触的机会少 但是可以从哥哥姐姐身上学到很多 故正确选项为b 15 whatwasfoundaboutfightsamongsiblings a siblingshatedfightingandlovedplaying b siblingsinsomefamiliesfoughtfrequently c siblingfightsledtobadsiblingrelationships d siblingslearnedtogetontogetherfromfights 解析 选d 推理判断题 根据第三段的eventhosesiblingswhofoughtthemosthadjustasmuchpositivecommunicationastheothersiblingpairs 可推知在打斗中也学会了怎样与人相处 16 theword feminine inpara 4 means a havingqualitiesofparentsb havingqualitiesofwomenc havingdefensivequalitiesd havingextraordinaryqualities 解析 选b 词义猜测题 最后一段主要讲孩子们想使自己区别于其他兄弟姐妹来吸引父母的关注 所以根据该词出现的语境可知 家里有兄弟的女孩通过让自己更女性化来凸显自己 故正确选项为b 长难句分析 later bornsdon tenjoythatmuchtalkingtimewithparents butinsteadtheyharvestlessonsfrombiggerbrothersandsisters learningentirephrasesandgettinganunderstandingofsocialconceptssuchasthedifferencebetween i and me 分析 句中but连接并列分句 后一分句中的learningentirephrasesandgettinganunderstandingofsocialconcepts 是由and连接的两个并列的现在分词短语作状语 译文 后出生的孩子享受的与父母谈话的时间少 但是他们从哥哥姐姐身上学到完整的短语并且能理解其社会概念 比如 i 与 me 的区别 e 2012 福建 d 话题 医学科普词数 317w难度 doyouknowhowitiswhenyouseesomeoneyawnandyoustartyawningtoo orhowharditistobeamongpeoplelaughingandnotlaughyourself well apparentlyit sbecausewehavemirrorneurons 神经元 inourbrains putsimply theexistenceofmirrorneuronssuggeststhateverytimeweseesomeoneelsedosomething ourbrainsimitate 模仿 it whetherornotweactuallyperformthesameaction thisexplainsagreatdealabouthowwelearntosmile talk walk danceorplaysports buttheideagoesfurther mirrorneuronsnotonlyappeartoexplainphysicalactions theyalsotellusthatthereisabiologicalbasisforthewayweunderstandotherpeople mirrorneuronscanundoubtedlybefoundalloverourbrains butespeciallyintheareaswhichrelatetoourabilitytouselanguages andtounderstandhowotherpeoplefeel researchershavefoundthatmirrorneuronsrelatestronglytolanguage agroupofresearchersdiscoveredthatiftheygavepeoplesentencestolistento forexample thehandtookholdoftheball thesamemirrorneuronsweretriggeredaswhentheactionwasactuallyperformed inthisexample actuallytakingholdofaball anyproblemswithmirrorneuronsmaywellresultinproblemswithbehavior muchresearchsuggeststhatpeoplewithsocialandbehavioralproblemshavemirrorneuronswhicharenotfullyfunctioning however itisnotyetknownexactlyhowthesediscoveriesmighthelpfindtreatmentsforsocialdisorders researchintomirrorneuronsseemstoprovideuswithevermoreinformationconcerninghowhumansbehaveandinteract 互动 indeed itmayturnouttobetheequivalent 相 等物 forneuroscienceofwhateinstein stheoryofrelativitywasforphysics andthenexttimeyoufeeltheurgetocoughinthecinemawhensomeoneelsedoes well perhapsyou llunderstandwhy 语篇导读 医学证明每个人的大脑中都有一种镜子神经元 这种神经元让我们不由自主地模仿别人的动作 如果这种神经元遭到破坏 就会带来行为上的一些问题 17 mirrorneuronscanexplain a whywecrywhenwearehurtb whywecoughwhenwesufferfromacoldc whywesmilewhenweseesomeoneelsesmiled whyweyawnwhenweseesomeoneelsestayuplate 解析 选c 细节理解题 根据第一 二段可知 这种镜子神经元可以解释为什么我们会不由自主地模仿别人的动作 18 theunderlinedword triggered inthethirdparagraphprobablymeans a setoffb cutoffc builtupd brokenup 解析 选a 猜测词义题 根据第三段可知 镜子神经元和语言有密切关系 当被测试者听到某种指令的时候 他大脑中的镜子神经元就被启动 好像真的感觉到这个动作的发生 setoff引发 19 wecanlearnfromthepassagethatmirrorneurons a relatetohumanbehaviorandinteractionb controlhumanphysicalactionsandfeelingsc resultinbadbehaviorandsocialdisordersd determineourknowledgeandlanguageabilities 解析 选a 细节理解题 根据倒数第二段可知 镜子神经元和人的行为密切相关 如果这种神经元遭到破坏 就会带来一些行为上的问题 20 whatisthepassagemainlyabout a waystofindmirrorneurons b problemsofmirrorneurons c existenceofmirrorneurons d functionsofmirrorneurons 解析 选d 主旨大意题 本文主要介绍了镜子神经元的功能以及此神经元如果遭到破坏会带来的问题 长难句分析 putsimply theexistenceofmirrorneuronssuggeststhateverytimeweseesomeoneelsedosomething ourbrainsimitateit whetherornotweactuallyperformthesameaction 分析 suggests后跟that引导的宾语从句 在从句中 everytime引导时间状语从句 whether引导条件状语从句 译文 简单来说 镜子神经元的存在表明 每次我们看到别人做什么我们的大脑就会模仿 无论我们是否真的在做同样的动作 unit2a 2011 全国卷 b 话题 科普知识词数 298w难度 thewordadvertisingreferstoanykindofpublicannouncementthatbringsproductsandservicestotheattentionofpeople throughouthistory advertisinghasbeenaneffectivewaytopromote 促进 thetradingandsellingofgoods inthemiddleages merchantsemployed towncriers toreadpublicmessagesaloudtopromotetheirgoods whenprintingwasinventedinthefifteenthcentury pagesofadvertisements ads couldbeprintedeasilyandwereeitherhunginpublicplacesorputinbooks bytheendoftheseventeenthcentury whennewspaperswerebeginningtobereadbymorepeople printedmaterialsbecameanimportantwaytopromoteproductsandservices thelondongazettewasthefirstnewspapertosetasideaplace justforadvertising thiswassosuccessfulthatbytheendofthecenturyseveralcompaniesstartedbusinessesforthepurposeofmakingnewspaperadsformerchants advertisingspreadquicklythroughouttheeighteenthcentury adwriterswerestartingtopaymoreattentiontothedesignoftheadtext everything fromclothestodrinks waspromotedwithclevermethodssuchasrepetitionofthefirm snameorproduct wordsorganizedineye catchingpatterns theuseofprettypicturesandexpressionseasytoremember neartheendofthenineteenthcentury companiesthatweredevotedtotheproductionofadscametobeknownas advertisingagencies 广告商 theagenciesdevelopednewwaystogetpeopletothinkofthemselvesasmembersofagroup throughoutthetwentiethcentury advertisingagenciespromotedconsumerism 消费主义 asawayoflife spreadingthebeliefthatpeoplecouldbehappyonlyiftheyboughtthe right products 语篇导读 本文主要讲了广告的历史 从中世纪的广告一直讲到20世纪的广告的情况 1 whatwasadvertisinglikeinthemiddleages a merchantswereemployedtopromoteproducts b admessageswereshoutedoutinpublicplaces c productinformationwasincludedinbooks d adsignswereputupintowns 解析 选b 细节理解题 根据第一段可知 在中世纪商人让人把广告大声读出来 由此可知选b 2 whatdoestheword this inparagraph2referto a advertisinginnewspapers b includingpicturesinads c sellinggoodsinmarkets d workingwithadagencies 解析 选a 词义猜测题 根据this前面的内容可知 此处this指在报纸上给广告留出地方这件事 故选a 3 the18thcenturyadvertisingwasspecialinits a growingspendingb printingmaterialsc advertisingcompaniesd attractivedesigns 解析 选d 推理判断题 根据第三段可知 在18世纪 广告撰写人开始注意广告的内容 为各种产品设计出丰富多彩的广告 故选d 4 whichofthefollowingmightbethebesttitleforthetext a thestoryofadvertisingb thevalueofadvertisingdesignsc theroleofnewspaperadvertisingd thedevelopmentofprintingforadvertising 解析 选a 主旨大意题 本文主要讲了广告的历史 所以选a 长难句分析 throughoutthetwentiethcentury advertisingagenciespromotedconsumerismasawayoflife spreadingthebeliefthatpeoplecouldbehappyonlyiftheyboughtthe right products 分析 主语为advertisingagencies 谓语动词为promoted spreading为现在分词作状语 that引导belief的同位语从句 在同位语从句中又含有onlyif引导的条件状语从句 译文 贯穿整个20世纪 广告代理商将消费主义作为一种生活方式加以推进 不断传播这样一种理念 人们只有买到适合的产品他们才会感到高兴 b 2011 重庆 a 话题 社会生活词数 310w难度 therewasagardenerwholookedafterhisgardenwithgreatcare towaterhisflowers heusedtwobuckets onewasashinyandnewbucket theotherwasaveryoldanddilapidatedone whichhadseenmanyyearsofservice butwasnowpastitsbest everymorning thegardenerwouldfillupthetwobuckets thenhewouldcarrythemalongthepath oneoneachside totheflowerbeds thenewbucketwasveryproudofitself itcouldcarryafullbucketofwaterwithoutasingledropspilled 溢出 theoldbucketfeltveryashamedbecauseofitsholes beforeitreachedtheflowerbeds muchwaterhadleakedalongthepath sometimesthenewbucketwouldsay seehowcapableiam howgooditisthatthegardenerhasmetowatertheflowerseveryday idon tknowwhyhestillbotherswithyou whatawasteofspaceyouare andallthattheoldbucketcouldsaywas iknowi mnotveryuseful buticanonlydomybest i mhappythatthegardenerstillfindsalittlebitofuseinme atleast oneday thegardenerheardthatkindofconversation afterwateringtheflowersasusual hesaid youbothhavedoneyourworkverywell nowiamgoingtocarryyouback iwantyoutolookcarefullyalongthepath thenthetwobucketsdidso allalongthepath theynoticed onthesidewherethenewbucketwascarried therewasjustbare 光秃秃的 earth ontheothersidewheretheoldbucketwascarried therewasajoyousrowofwildflowers leadingallthewaytothegarden 语篇导读 本文是记叙文 讲述了一个园丁和两个水桶的故事 给人的启迪是 无需自惭形秽 即使微小也能发挥生命良能 5 whatdoestheunderlinedword dilapidated probablymean a dirty b dark c worn out d plain looking 解析 选c 词义猜测题 由第一段第三 四句onewasashinyandnewbucket theotherwasaveryoldanddilapidatedone whichhadseenmanyyearsofservice butwasnowpastitsbest 可知 其中一个水桶是新的 颜色鲜亮有光泽 另一个水桶则破旧不堪 他已经为这个花园服务了好多年 昔日最佳的状态已经不在 该词与前面的shiny对比 因此应该是worn out破旧不堪的 故选c 6 whatwastheoldbucketashamedof a hispast b hisaging c hismanner d hisleaking 解析 选d 细节理解题 由第二段最后一句theoldbucketfeltveryashamedbecauseofitsholes beforeitreachedtheflowerbeds muchwaterhadleakedalongthepath 破旧的水桶感到很羞愧 他知道自己有漏洞 每天早上园丁提着他到达花床时 大量的水洒落在小径上了 7 thenewbucketmadeconversationswiththeoldonemainlyto a laughattheoldoneb takepityontheoldonec showoffitsbeautifullooksd praisethegardener skindness 解析 选a 细节理解题 根据第三段sometimesthenewbucketwouldsay seehowcap