2019高考英语二轮专题复习精编课件：专题18-推理判断.ppt

专题十八推理判断 角度1对文章事实细节推断 典例 Iwasblind butIwasashamedofitifitwasknown Irefusedtouseawhitestickandhatedaskingforhelp Afterall Iwasateenagegirl andIcouldn tbearpeopletolookatmeandthinkIwasnotlikethem Imusthavebeenaterribledangerontheroads Comingacrossmewanderingthroughthetraffic motoristsprobablywouldhavetosteprapidlyontheirbrakes Apartfromthat therewereallsortsofdisastersthatusedtooccuronthewaytoandfromwork Oneevening IgotoffthebusabouthalfwayhomewhereIhadtochangebuses andasusualIranintosomething I mawfullysorry Isaidandsteppedforwardonlytorunintoitagain Whenithappenedathirdtime IrealizedIhadbeenapologizingtoalamppost Thiswasjustoneofthestupidthingsthatconstantlyhappenedtome SoIcarriedonandfoundthebusstop whichwasarequeststop wherethebuswouldn tstopunlesspassengerswantedtogetonoroff NooneelsewasthereandIhadtotrytoguessifthebushadarrived Generallyinthissituation becauseIhatedshowingIwasblindbyaskingforhelp Itriedtoguessatthesound SometimesIwouldstopabiglorryandstandtherefeelingstupidasitdrewaway Intheend Iusuallymanagedtoswallowmyprideandasksomeoneatthestopforhelp Butonthisparticulareveningnoonejoinedmeatthestop itseemedthateveryonehadsuddenlydecidednottotravelbybus OfcourseIheardplentyofbusespass orIthoughtIdid ButbecauseIhadgivenupstoppingthemforfearofmakingafoolofmyself Iletthemallgoby Istoodtherealoneforhalfanhourwithoutstoppingone ThenIgaveup Idecidedtowalkontothenextstop 2012 广东 C 语篇解读 本文为记叙文 题材属于人物故事类 我 是一个盲人 但不愿让别人看出自己的不同之处 也不愿向别人求助 结果在乘车时常常遭遇困难 1 Thegirlrefusedtoaskforhelpbecauseshethought A shemightberecognizedB askingforhelplookedsillyC shewasnormalandindependentD beingfoundblindwasembarrassing解析根据文章前三句可知 我不愿去向别人求助 是因为我不想让别人看出自己是盲人 否则自己会感到很丢人 或者说被看出是盲人后觉得很 尴尬 答案D 2 Whatwastheproblemwithguessingatthesoundtostopabus A Othervehiclesalsostoppedthere B Itwasunreliableformakingjudgments C Morelorriesthanbusesrespondedtothegirl D Ittooktoomuchtimeforthegirltocatchthebus 解析根据倒数第二段的叙述可知 靠听声音的方式来拦住公交车是不可靠的 因为有时候我会把大货车拦下来 答案B 3 Finallythegirldecidedtowalktothenextstop hoping A tofindpeoplethereB tofindmorebusesthereC tofindthebusbyherselfthereD tofindpeoplemorehelpfulthere解析根据文章倒数第二段最后一句的叙述可知 最终我通常会收起自己的自尊而向他人求助 但最后一段指出 当晚没有人在车站等车 听声音又觉得不可靠 因此走向下一车站 希望能找到人帮忙 答案A 知识链接 忠于原文 合理推断推理判断题的答案不可能在文章中直接找到 但答案的依据一定在原文中 因此在推理过程中一定要忠于原文 在文中寻找并确定可推断的依据 即已知部分 推断的前提 从中推出未知部分 推断的结论 这就要求考生不仅要读懂所涉及的每个句子的意思 推断出它们之间的关系 而且要结合自己的生活常识和经验 通过逻辑推理和判断理解文章的话外之音 言外之意 做推理判断题时要注意以下几点 1 选项内容与原文相同 不需要经过推断 这样的选项直接排除 2 绝对化 扩大化的选项要排除 3 与文章主基调不相符的结论也要淘汰 4 推断时要客观 忠于原文 不要受主观意识的影响 角度2对文章作者的观点 态度推理判断 典例 Insidethepleasinglyfragrantcafe SoAllMayEat SAME indowntownDenver thespiritofgenerosity 慷慨 isinstantlynoticeable Adonationboxstandsinplaceofacashregister Customersherepayonlywhattheycanafford noquestionsasked Ariskybusinessplan perhaps butSAMECafehasdoneoneunchangeablethingintheMileHighCityforsixyears Openonlyatmidday therestaurantprovidespoorlocalpeoplewithhealthy deliciouslunchessixdaysaweek Thoseunabletopayfortheirmealscaninsteadvolunteeraswaitersandwaitresses anddishwashers orlookafterthebuildingsandequipmentforthecafe It sbasedontrust andit sworkingallright saysco ownerBradBirky whostartedthecafein2006withhiswifeLibby Previouslyvolunteeringatsoupkitchens theBirkysweredissatisfiedwiththeoftenunhealthymealstheyservedthere Wewantedtoofferqualityfoodinarestaurantwhereeveryonefeltcomfortable regardlessoftheircircumstances Birkysays SAME sspeciallunchmenuchangesdailyandmostfoodmaterialsarenaturalandgrownbylocalfarmers Thecafenowaverages65to70customers andeightvolunteers aday Andthespiritofgenerositybehindtheprojectappearstobespreading Inearly2007 onevolunteerwhohadclearedsnowforhismealsduringthelongwintersaidgoodbyetotheBirkys HesaidhewasgoingtoNewOrleanstohelpwiththehurricanecleanup saysBirky 2012 辽宁 D Theauthor sattitudetowardsrunningsuchacafeis A unfavorableB approvingC doubtfulD cautious解析本文为记叙文 题材为人物故事类 本文记述了BradBirky和他的妻子Libby经营的SAME餐馆及这家餐馆慷慨大度精神的传播 文章第Q题为推理判断题 根据第一段Insidethepleasinglyfragrantcafe thespiritofgenerosity 慷慨 中的形容词fragrant可知作者的态度是赞成的 unfavorable不赞成的 approving赞成的 doubtful怀疑的 cautious谨慎的 故答案为B 答案B 知识链接 观点 态度类推断题考查考生是否了解文中作者或文中人物对某事物所持的观点或态度 这类题的选项一般分为三种 1 中性词 如neutral indifferent uninterested等 2 褒义词 如positive supportive useful enthusiastic admiring等 3 贬义词 如disgusted critical negative disappointed等 一般作者或文中人物的态度不直接给出 而是隐含在文章的字里行间 需要考生细心捕捉表达或暗示情感态度的信息 如本文中的fragrant等词句 考生在做题时 一定要在正确理解文意的基础上 对观点或态度进行准确分析和识别 另外 不要固守自己的看法或观点 要从作者或文中人物的角度去考虑 角度3对上下文逻辑关系以及 弦外之音 的推理判断 典例 BarditchHighSchooldecidedtohaveanAll SchoolReunion Over450peoplecametotheevent ThereweretoursoftheoldschoolbuildingandapicnicatConfederatePark Severalformerteacherswereonhandtotellstoriesabouttheolddays Ms MabelYates theEnglishteacherforoverfiftyyears waswheeledtothePark Someeyesrolledandtherewereafewlowgroans 嘟囔声 whenMs Yateswasabouttospeak Manystartedlookingattheirwatchesandcomingupwithexcusestobeanywhereinsteadofpreparingtolistentoalecturefromanoldwomanwhohadfewkindwordsforherstudentsandmadethemworkharderthanalltheotherteacherscombined ThenMs Yatesstartedtospeak Ican ttellyouhowpleasedIamtobehere Ihaven tseenmanyofyousinceyourgraduation butIhavefollowedyourcareersandenjoyedyourvictoriesaswellascryingforyourtragedies Ihavealargecollectionofnewspaperphotographsofmystudents AlthoughIhaven tappearedinperson Ihaveattendedyourcollegegraduations weddingsandeventhebirthsofyourchildren inmyimagination Ms Yatespausedandstartedcryingabit Thenshecontinued ItwasmybeliefthatifIpushedyouashardasIcould someofyouwouldsucceedtopleasemeandotherswouldsucceedtoannoyme Regardlessofourmotives Icanseethatyouhaveallbeensuccessfulinyourchosenpath Thereisnogreatercomfortforaneducatorthantoseetheendresultofhisorheryearsofwork YouhaveallbeenagreatsourceofpleasureandprideformeandIwantyoutoknowIloveyouallfromthebottomofmyheart Therewasasilenceoverthecrowdforafewsecondsandthensomeonestartedclapping Theclappingturnedintocheering thenintoadeafeningroar 呼喊 Lawyers truckdrivers bankersandmodelswererubbingtheireyesorcryingopenlywithnoshameallbecauseofthewordsfromalongforgottenEnglishteacherfromtheirhometown 2012 天津 B 语篇解读 本文为记叙文 题材为人物故事类 在Barditch中学举办的全校聚会上 Ms MabelYates 一位严格且颇具爱心的老教师 发自肺腑的一段讲话使全场哗然 让在场的校友禁不住热泪盈眶 1 WhatcanbeinferredfromParagraph2 A SomegraduatesweretoobusytolistentoMs Yates speech B ManygraduatesdislikedMs Yates waysofteaching C Somepeoplegottiredfromthereunionactivities D Mostpeoplehadlittleinterestinthereunion 解析推理判断题 根据第二段中 许多人想找借口离开现场 因为Ms Yates对学生非常严厉 并让学生加倍努力地学习 可知 许多毕业生不喜欢她的教学方法 答案B 2 WecanlearnfromMs Yates speechthatshe A kepttrackofherstudents progressB gaveherstudentsadviceontheircareersC attendedherstudents collegegraduationsD wenttoherstudents weddingceremonies解析推理判断题 从Ms Yates的讲话 多年来 她一直关注着学生们的事业 分享他们胜利的喜悦 为他们的不幸而流泪 收集他们的照片 可知 多年来她一直关注着学生们的进展 所以A项正确 答案A 3 WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeMs Yates A Reliableanddevoted B Toughandgenerous C Proudbutpatient D Strictbutcaring 解析推理判断题 根据文章第二段可知Ms Yates对学生们非常严格 strict 从她的讲话中可以看出 她是一个对学生极其关心的 caring 老师 所以D项正确 答案D 知识链接 理清写作思路是突破口有些内容文章中没有明确说明 要求考生根据语篇对事件可能的结局或下一段可能涉及的内容等进行猜测推理 做这类题时考生应准确把握作者的写作思路 从而做出比较科学的 合情合理的推断 如本篇文章的1 2 3题要认真推理上下文 作者的态度 说话者的语气等 体验高考 防范1断章取义 以偏概全 典例 Thepositionwasofferedatthelastminute andIwasgiventwoweekstoprepare aperiodIspentsearchingforbriefcase 公文包 andstandingbeforemyfull lengthmirror repeatingthewords Hello class I mMr Davis SometimesIwouldgivemyselfanaggressivevoice SometimesIwouldsoundexperienced Butwhenthedayeventuallycame mynerveskickedinandthetrueMr Daviswasthere Isoundednotlikeathoughtfulprofessor butrathera12 year oldboy 2012 广东 WhatcanwelearnabouttheauthorfromParagraph2 A Hewouldbeaggressiveinhisfirstclass B Hewaswell preparedforhisfirstclass C Hegotnervousuponthearrivalofhisfirstclass D Hewaitedlongforthearrivalofhisfirstclass 解析第二段讲述了他为第一节课所作的大量的准备 但通过后两句Butwhenthedayeventuallycame butrathera12 year oldboy 可以看出事实上他并没有准备好 而是开始紧张起来 答案C 探究 防范2推理片面或过度 脱离主旨 典例 ABookReview TheSnake StonebyBerlieDohertyThesetting UrbanEngland thecities butalsoruralEngland thecountryside includingremoteEnglishvillages Thetheme Themainthemeisateenagesearchofself discovery inthiscasethesearchforamotherfromwhomtheherowasseparatedatanearlyage Itsotherconcernsarelove gettingonwithothers beingpersistentandcourageousandtryingtodealwithdoubts troublesandworries Asthebookmovestoaclose James swimmingcoachsaystohim Youarenotlikeakidobeyinginstructionsanymore Youaredivinglikeayoungmanwhoknowswhereheisgoing Thecharacters Jamesistheheroofthestory Heisachampionshipdiver andhasacomfortablelifewithhisfosterparents 养父母 Yethealsohasthequalitiestotakehimonalongjourneytofindhisbirthmother TheothercharactersinTheSnake Stone James parents hisdivinginstructor bestfriend thevillagers peoplehemeetsonhisjourney arepicturedrealistically 2012 江西 B Whatdothecoach swordsinParagraph2suggest A Jamesisasuccessfuldiver B Jamesisahopefulswimmer C Jamesisanoutgoingyoungman D Jamesisanindependentyoungman 解析该文为一则书评 介绍了Thesnake stone一书的故事情节 背景以及人物等 本题是一个较难的推理判断题 根据第二段第二句中谈及的爱 与人相处 毅力与勇气 以及应对困难等等 可推断出教练这句话表明James已经从一个