Lecture 5 The Victorian Period.pptVIP

thevictorianperiod timespanthereignofqueenvictoria 1819 1901 1837 1901 queenelizabeth queenvictoria1st onthethroneforalongperiodoftime2nd englanddevelopedrapidlybothpoliticallyandeconomically3rd literatureflourished classificationsofthewritersvictoriannovelistscharlesdickens williammakepeacethackeray charlotte emily bronte georgeeliot thomashardy2 victorianpoetsalfredtennyson thebrownings3 victorianplaywrightsoscarwilde georgebernardshaw novelwasthedominantforminvictorianliterature theriseofthewomennovelists charlesdickens狄更斯victoriannovelist 17novelsthreestages1stperiod theyouthfulenthusiasmandoptimism theposthumouspapersofpickwickclub 匹克威克外传 olivertwist 雾都孤儿 theoldcuriosityshop 老古玩店 2ndperiod irritationandfrustration exposingthecorruptinginfluenceofwealthandpowerachristmascarol 圣诞颂歌 dombeyandson 董贝父子 davidcopperfield autobiographical 大卫 科波菲尔 thethirdperiod intensifyingpessimism showingunderlyingtoneofbitterness lossofhopeforenglishbourgeoissociety1 bleakhouse 荒凉山庄 2 hardtimes 艰难时世 3 littledorrit 小杜丽 4 ataleoftwocities 双城记 5 greatexpectations 远大前程 6 ourmutualfriend 我们的共同朋友 olivertwistthenovelisfamousforitsvividdescriptionsoftheworkhouseandlifeoftheunderworldinthe19th centurylondon ataleoftwocitiesopeninglinesdictation itwasthebestoftimes itwastheworstoftimes itwastheageofwisdom itwastheageoffoolishness itwastheepochofbelief itwastheepochofincredulity itwastheseasonoflight itwastheseasonofdarkness itwasthespringofhope itwasthewinterofdespair wehadeverythingbeforeus wehadnothingbeforeus wewereallgoingdirecttoheaven wewereallgoingdirecttheotherway 那是最美好的时代 那是最糟糕的时代 那是智慧的年头 那是愚昧的年头 那是信仰的时期 那是怀疑的时期 那是光明的季节 那是黑暗的季节 那是希望的春天 那是失望的冬天 我们拥有一切 我们一无所有 我们全都在直奔天堂 我们全都在直奔地狱 itisafar farbetterthingthatidothanihaveeverdone itisafar farbetterrestthatigotothanihaveeverknown finalsentence 这是我一生中最乐意做的事这里是我最好的安息之所therearedarkshadowsontheearth butitslightsarestrongerinthecontrast 世界有阴影 但亮光在对比下显得更强 greatexpectations themeanovelabout greatexpectations ordreamsanddisillusionsthepersonaldevelopmentofpipfromaninnocent honestboytoavain selfish snobbishyounggentleman thepainfulexperienceinthestruggletogrowup to climbup ortosucceedinthecommercializedworld commentscharlesdickensisoneofthegreatestcriticalrealisticwritersofthevictorianage hisnovelsofferedusaprofoundcompleterealisticpictureoftheenglishsocietyofmid 19thcentury charlottebront 1816 1855 emilybront 1818 1848 annebront 1820 1849 agnesgrey 艾格尼斯 格雷 charlottebront 1816 1855 夏洛蒂 勃朗特 janeeyre janeeyreisafirst personnarrativeofthetitlecharacter page124 emilybront 1818 1848 艾米莉 勃朗特 wutheringheights plotastoryofdoomedloveandrevengetheabandonedboyheathcliffwasadoptedbymr earnshawandlivedwithmr earnshaw ssonhindleyanddaughtercatherine hindleydislikedheathcliff heinsultedandmaltreatedheathcliffineverypossiblewayaftermr earnshaw sdeath atthesametime peculiaremotionoccurredbetweencatherineandheathcliff becauseofvanityandignorance catherinedecidedtomarrylinton heathcliffleftwithanger threeyearslater heathcliffreturnedtorevenge hesucceededinannexingallthepropertyofhindley sandthelinton s however catherine sghosthauntedhimallthetime andhediedinmentaldisorder ifallelseperished andheremained ishouldstillcontinuetobe andifallelseremained andhewereannihilated theuniversewouldturntoamightystranger ishouldnotseemapartofit 如果你还在这个世界存在着 那么这个世界无论什么样 对我都是有意义的 但是如果你不在了 无论这个世界有多么好 它在我眼里也只是一片荒漠 而我就像是一个孤魂野鬼 itwoulddegrademetomarryheathcliffsolow soheshallneverknowhowilovehim andthat notbecausehe shandsome nelly butbecausehe smoremyselfthaniam whateveroursoulsaremadeof hisandminearethesame andlinton sisasdifferentasamoonbeamfromlightening orfrostfromfire georgeeliot乔治 艾略特pseudonymmaryannevansnovelistinthemid victorianperiodandthemostprolificwomanwriterinthe19th centuryengland majorworks silasmarner 织工马南 themillonthefloss heavilyautobiographical 弗洛斯河上的磨坊 middlemarch 米德尔马契 multi dimensionalpresentationoftheprovinciallifeinasmalltowncalledmiddlemarch thomashardy 1840 1928 哈代novelist hisbestlocal coloredworks farfromthemaddingcrowd 远离尘嚣 thereturnofthenative 还乡 themayorofcasterbridge 卡斯特桥市长 tessofthed urbervilles 德伯家的苔丝 judetheobscure 无名的裘德 wessexnovels威塞克斯小说dorchesteristhemainbackgroundinhisworks whichhecalledwessex thefictionalsimpleandbeautifulthoughprimitiveruralregion threatenedbytheinvadingcapitalism thesenovelsdescribetheunexpectedandhugechangesinfieldsofsociety economy politics ethicsandcustomsinenglandaftertheinvasionofcapitalismandthemiserablefateofthebrokenfarmers tessofthed urbervillesapurewomanfaithfullypresented tragicexperienceofitsheroinetesstesscomesfromafarmer sfamily onedayherfatherlearnsthattheyaredescendedfromthed urbervilles anancientfamilyoncerenownedinengland hermotherurgestesstoclaimkinshipwiththed urbervilles sothattesscouldmarryagentleman unwillingly thegirlcomesincontactwiththed urbervilles thereshemeetsalecd urbervilles whoshowsofftheestateandalwaysseducesher havingreceivedajoboftendingtochickens tessstaysinthed urbervilles beforelongalecmanagestoseducethegirlandmakeherpregnant beinghumiliated tessreturnshome despitetherumorsallaround shegivesbirthtoachild whoiscalledsorrowbutdiessoonbecauseofgraveillness forseveralweeks tessisoverwhelmedbygriefandsorrow nevertheless withoutfinancialsupport tesshastoleavehomeandgoestoworkasadairymaidatadistantfarm whereshemeetsangelclaire afterangelpersistentpursuitoftess thetwofallinloveandbecomeengaged thencomestheweddingnight toohonesttokeepanysecret tessadmitsaboutalecd urbervillesandthechild shebegsforforgiveness butangelleavesherindisgust tessagainreturnshomealone onlyfindthatherfamilyremainsimpoverishedandsheevenhasnoplacetostay inthemeantime alecd urbervilles theevilpersonappearsagain hetakesadvantageoftheherfamily povertyandcontinuestotempttess hepromisestosupportherfamily onlyasameanstomaketessdependent attheendofhope thegirljumpsintothetrapoftheshamelessman angelclaire whoisremorsefulforhismercilessness comesback buttofindthecruelreality andhisarrivalmakestessevenmoredesperate afterangelleaves shestabsalecintheheartandkillshim thenshefollowsangelandescapewithhim theymanagetohideforawhileinawoodbeforetheycometostonehenge wheresheisarrested sheishangedlater page132 commentsonthomashardy thelastandoneofthegreatestvictoriannovelistsagreatpoetattheturnofthetwentiethcentury tem8practicewhichofthefollowingnovelswaswrittenbyemilybronte a olivertwistb middlemarchc janeeyred wutheringheightsd althoughwritingfromdifferentpointsofviewandwithdifferenttechniques writersinthevictorianperiodsharedonethingincommon thatis theywereallconcernedabout thelovestorybetweentherichandthepoorthetechniquesinwritingthefateofcommonpeoplethefutureoftheirowncountryc theauthoroftheworkdombeyandsonis charlesdickenshenryjamesrobertbrowningthackeraya doyouthink becauseiampoor obscure plainandlittle iamsoullessandheartless thisismostprobablytakenfrom greatexpectationsjaneeyrewutheringheightsprideandprejudiceb thesuccessofjaneeyreisnotonlybecauseofitssharpcriticismoftheexistingsociety butalsoduetoitsintroductiontotheenglishnovelthefirst heroine workerpeasantgovernessexplorerc notonlycontinuedtoexposeandcriticizeallsortsofsocialiniquities butfinallycametoquestionandattackthevictorianconventionsandmorals georgeeliotthomashardycharlesdickensemilybronteb atypicalfeatureoftheenglishvictorianliteratureisthatwritersbecame exposingallkindsofsocialevils didacticauthorsindividualidealistsmoralcriticsreligiousadvocatorsc isconsideredtobetheautobiographyofcharlesdickens olivertwistgreatexpectationsataleoftwocitiesdavidcopperfieldd bythe1830s allthegreatromanticpoetshaddiedexceptwordsworth whowasnolongercreative butthedevelopmentofenglishpoetrydidnotstop inmanyways victorianpoetryisacontinuationoftheromanticpoetryofthepreviousage dramaticmonologueisthegreatachievementofvictorianpoetry alfredtennyson 1809 1892 阿尔弗雷德 丁尼生 twocollectionsinmemoriam 悼念 thedeathofarthurhenryhallamidyllsoftheking 国王之歌 kingarthurandhisknightsoftheroundtable poems break break break 拍岸曲 crossingthebar 过沙洲 ulysses 尤利西斯 tostrive toseek tofind andnottoyield break break break 碎裂 啊 大海的波涛onthycoldgreystones osea 在灰冷的危岩上崩溃 碎裂 andiwouldthatmytonguecouldutter但愿我胸中涌起的思情thethoughtsthatariseinme 能在舌端倾泻 note owellforthefisherman sboy 嬉戏的渔家儿女thatheshoutswithhissisteratplay 奔逐喧闹 多么亲切 owellforthesailorlad 帆樯下的少年水手thathesingsinhisboatonthebay 放声歌唱 多么喜悦 andthestatelyshipsgoon山麓期盼中的港湾totheirhavenunderthehill 把庄严的航船迎接 butoforthetouchofavanish dhand 而我渴望触及的手不再回归 andthesoundofavoicethatisstill 我渴望倾听的嗓音已然寂灭 break break break 碎裂 啊 大海的波涛atthefootofthycrags osea 在峭壁下崩溃 碎裂 butthetendergraceofadaythatisdead温柔美好的日子死了 willnevercomebacktome 已然永远和我诀别 alfredtennysonwastheleadingpoetofthevictorianageinengland hewasmadepoetlaureatein1850whenwordsworthdied hevoicesthedoubtandthefaith thegriefandthejoyofenglishpeopleinanageoffastsocialchange robertbrowningelizabethbarrettbrowning勃朗宁 lovestoryin1845 robertmetelizabethbarrett wholivedasasemi invalidandvirtualprisonerinherfather shouse graduallyasignificantromancedevelopedbetweenthem leadingtotheirsecretmarriage1846 in1846 thecoupleelopedandsettledinitaly robertbrowningdramaticmonologueitisakindofpoeminwhichasinglefictionalorhistoricalcharacterotherthanthepoetspeakstoasilentaudienceofoneormorepersons majorexamplesaretennyson s ulysses andbrowning s mylastduchess home thoughts fromabroad啊 但愿此刻身在英格兰 趁这四月天 一个早晨醒来 谁都会突然发现 榆树四周低矮的枝条和灌木丛中 小小的嫩叶已显出一片葱茏 听那苍头燕雀正在果园里唱歌 在英格兰啊 在此刻 images visual brushwoodsheafauditive chaffinchsingstheme tune elizabethbarrettbrowningsonnetsfromtheportuguese 葡萄牙十四行诗集 howdoilovethee howdoilovethee letmecounttheways ilovetheetothedepthandbreadthandheightmysoulcanreach whenfeelingoutofsightfortheendsofbeingandidealgrace 我是怎样的爱你 诉不尽万语千言 我爱你的程度是那样地高深和广远 恰似我的灵魂曾飞到了九天与黄泉 去探索人生的奥妙和神灵的恩典 ilovetheetothelevelofeveryday smostquietneed bysunandcandlelight ilovetheefreely asmenstriveforright ilovetheepurely astheyturnfrompraise 无论是白昼还是夜晚 我爱你不息 象我每日必须的食物不能间断 我纯洁地爱你 不为奉承吹捧迷惑 我勇敢地爱你 如同为正义而奋争 ilovetheewiththepassionputtouseinmyoldgriefs andwithmychildhood sfaith 爱你 以昔日的剧痛和童年的忠诚 爱你 以眼泪 笑声及全部的生命 ilovetheewithaloveiseemedtolosewithmylostsaints ilovetheewiththebreath smiles tears ofallmylife and ifgodchoose ishallbutlovetheebetterafterdeath 如果没有你 我的心就失去了圣贤 如果没有你 我的心就失去了激情 假如上帝愿意 请为我作主和见证 在我死后 我必将爱你更深 更深 theturnofthe20thcenturysawaflourishofdramaticworks oscarwilde王尔德irishnovelist poet dramatist weareallinthegutter butsomeofusarelookingatthestars icanresisteverythingexcepttemptation alwaysforgiveyourenemies nothingannoysthemsomuch theheartismadetobebroken thehappyprinceandothertales thehappyprince thenightingaleandtherose theselfishgiant novelthepictureofdoriangray 道林 格雷的画像 prefaceofthepictureofdoriangray theartististhecreatorofbeautifulthings torevealartandconcealtheartistisart ssake thereisnosuchthingasamoraloranimmoralbook booksarewellwritten orbadlywritten thatisall aestheticism artforart ssake dramaspage139awomanofnoimportance 无足轻重的女人 theimportanceofbeingearnest 认真的重要性 anidealhusband 理想的丈夫 commentonwildewildewasoneofthemostcelebrateddramatistsinthelastdecadeofthe19thcentury hewastherepresentativeoftheaestheticmovementwhichappearedontheliterarysceneofenglandinthelatevictorianperiod georgebernardshaw萧伯纳1856 1950irishdramatist inthe1930s hevisitedsovietunionandchina iwasbornintelligent educationruinedme practicemakesperfect butnobody sperfect sowhypractice everymanshouldmarry afterall happinessisnottheonlythinginlife thewisenevermarryandwhentheymarrytheybecomeotherwise yourfuturedependsonyourdreams sogotosleep ifyouhaveanappleandihaveanappleandweexchangeapplesthenyouandiwillstilleachhaveoneapple butifyouhaveanideaandihaveanideaandweexchangetheseideas theneachofuswillhavetwoideas therearetwotragediesinlife oneisnottogetyourheart sdesire theotheristogetit classificationofplaysearlyplays widowers house 鳏夫的房产 mrs warren sprofession 华伦夫人的职业 2 historyplays st joan 圣女贞德 3 lifeforcemanandsuperman 人与超人 backtomethuselah 千岁人 pygmalion 皮格马利翁 卖花女 oneofthemostpopularplaysofbernardshawitdescribesthetransformationofaflower seller eliza intoapassableimitationofaduchessby