八年级下册第二单元课文知识点.doc

Unit2 Ill help to clean up the city parksSection A1. I hope to work outside .我希望到外面工作。(1a)【考点分析】hope v 希望hope to do sth希望做某事 I hope to travel to America next year.in the hope of. 怀着.希望 2.You could help clean up the city parks.你可以帮助打扫城市公园。(1a)【考点分析1】help v帮助 helpful adj. 有帮助的help sb.( to) do sth帮助某人做某事help oneself （ to ） 自用（食物等）help sb. out帮助某人克服困难with the help of在帮助下help sb. with sth 帮助某人做某事cant help doing sth情不自禁做.1、James, help_(you) to some salad , its just behind you.2、I cant find my English book. Could you help _ find it? A.her B.him C.me D.them3、 Help _ to some fish, Jeff. A. you B. your C. yours D. yourself【考点分析2】clean up 把打扫干净（v. + adv.）clean up 把打扫干净跟名词作宾语，名词可放在短语之间或之后均可clean up the table = clean the table up跟代词作宾语， 代词必须放在短语中间Tom,dont put your school things everywhere,please clean them up. 【拓展】与up相关的短语：turn up 调大 use up 用完give up 放弃wake up 醒来 pick up 捡起set up建立look up 查阅grow up 成长put up 张贴fix up 修理open up 打开dress up 打扮stay up 熬夜eat up 吃完use up 用完1、The classroom was so dirty . I decided _. A. clean it up B. to clean it up C. clean up it3.The girl could visit the sick kids in the hospital to cheer them up. (1b) 女孩可以去医院看望生病的孩子们，让他们振作起来。【考点分析1】sick adj.“生病的”【拓展】sick /ill 辨析sick作表语be sick of “讨厌；厌恶”My brother is sick作定语sick person = patient“病人”The sick boy feels better with the doctors help.ill 作表语 be ill in hospital 生病住院He couldnt go to school because he was ill yesterday.1、( ) The _ girl was sent to hospital by her mother yesterday. A. sick B. ill C. good D. well 【考点分析2】in the hospital“在医院”【拓展】in the hospital /in hospital辨析：in the hospital在医院指人在医院里，允许是在医院上班，允许是到医院看望病人等He works in the hospital .in hospital住院指生病住院Tom is ill and he is in hospital.1、 My grandfather was ill _ last week. Im sorry to hear that. A. in a hospital B. in the hospital C. in hospital D. in hospitals【考点分析3】cheer up 使振奋，使高兴的（v. +adv） cheer sb. up =make sb. happy 使某人高兴 cheer me up 使我高兴1、 He looks unhappy today. Lets . A. cheer him up B. help out him C. look him after D. argue with him4. The boy could give out food at the food bank. 男孩可以在食物站分发食物。(1b)【考点分析】give out =hand out分发(v. +adv) hand out bananas give out sth to sb. 分.给某人1、Our teacher begins_(分发) our test paper.【短语】：give in 屈服give sb. a call 给打电话give a speech 作演讲give up doing sth =stop doing sth放弃做某事give up smoking 放弃吸烟give back=return 归还give sb. a hand =help sb. 帮助某人give sb. sth = give sth to sb. 给某人某物 give me money 给我钱=give money to me 给我线1、Many social workers went to Yaan to help clean water and food to local people to reduce their pain from the earthquake. A.put outB. come outC. work outD. give out【拓展】 “动词+out” 构成的短语：find out 查明；弄清sell out 售完look out小心cry out 大声哭break out突然发生try out试用put out 扑灭fall out掉出来1、Many volunteers_ food and water to the local people in Japan after the tsunami. A. gave out B.cut out C.put out D.found out5.Clean-up Day is only two weeks from now . We can t (put off) making a plan . 清洁日只有两周了，我们不能推迟制定计划了。(2b)【考点分析】 put off 推迟 put off doing sth 推迟做某事 1、Its a bad habit to _ what you can do today until tomorrow. A.write down B.talk about C.worry about D. put off【拓展】与put相关的短语：put away 把收起来 put on 穿上 put up 张贴putinto 把放进 put down 放下put out 熄灭1、Well _an English play “Snow White” during this years Art Festival A.look up B.look out C.put off D.put on2、The fireman soon _ the big fire. A.put off B.put up C.put out D.put on 6.We could each （call up ) 10 students and ask them to come(2b) 我们可以每个人给10个学生打电话并请他们来【考点训练1】call up 打电话 【考点训练2】ask them to come请他们来【拓展】ask sb. to do sth 请求某人做某事1、My parents asked _ computer games. A. not playing B. not to play C. not play7. We need to come up with a plan for the City Park Clean -up Day. (2c) 我们需要为城市公园清洁日想出一个计划。【考点分析】come up with =think up 想出【拓展】v + up with 构成的短语：catch up with 赶上；追上keep up with 跟上；跟.保持联系put up with 容忍； 忍得住end up with 结束；以.而结束1、 It is too noisy here. I cant stand it. Me, too. We have to_ new ways to solve the problem. A. catch up with B. keep up with C. come up with8. I m making some plans to work in an old peoples home this summer.(2d) 我正在制定这个夏天在一家养老院工作的一些计划。【考点分析】making some plans 制定一些计划【拓展】planplanning（现在分词）planned v 计划（过去式）【注意】plan 的现在分词和过去式、过去分词都有双写n 加ing/ed make a plan for 为制定计划 plan to do sth = plan on doing sth =make plans to do sth.计划做某事1、 I hear you have to run for half an hour every day. Right. It is one of the _ in my school. A. choices B. plans C. hobbies D. rules9. Oh , what did they ask you to help out with? 哦，他们让你帮助做些什么？(2d)【考点分析】help out 帮助； 帮助.出来 help sb. out 使某人脱离困境1、He _ plenty of money to the people in the earthquake area _. A. put out, to work out well B. handed out, help them out C gave out, work out well D. gave away; to help them out10.They told me stories about the past and how things used to be.(2d) 他们给我讲过去的故事，并告诉我过去事情是什么样子的。【考点分析】 used to be +adj. 过去常常是 Tom used to be short.11.That sounds interesting. 那听起来挺有趣。(2d)【考点分析】sound (1)n声音 We heard a strange sound. 【拓展】sound/noise/voice辨析：sound(n.)指自然界中所有的声音，可指悦耳的声音也可指噪音How does the music sound to you? It sounds beautiful. vi.听起来，似乎，其后加表语（形容词，介词短语，名词） noise一般指很响的，刺耳的声音，即喧闹，嘈杂声等Dont make such a noise. voice指人通过发音器官发出的声音（包括说话，唱歌等）Mary has a beautiful voice.1、 Did you hear any strange _when the quake happened? No, I was in my garden with my flowers and was enjoying the beautiful _of my birds at that time. A. voice; noise B. noise; sound C. whisper; sound D. sound; voice2、 Stop making so much _. The children are sleeping. A. voice B. noise C. sound3、_ sweet music! Do you like it? Mm, it _ beautiful! A. How, listens B. How a, sounds C. What a, listens D. What, sounds12.Yeah, a lot of old people are lonely. 是的，很多老年人都很孤独。【考点分析】alone / lonely 辨析：alone = by oneself adj单独的，指无人陪伴的客观事实，不带感情色彩He often walks alone to home .lonely指人孤独的，寂寞的，强调主观感受He has many friends, so he never feels lonely.【记】I didnt feel lonely though I was alone.1、 My old neighbor Charles felt _ after his children moved out. A. lonely B. safely C. angrily D. happily13.We should listen to them and care for them.(2d)我们应该倾听他们说话并且关心他们。【考点分析】care for 照看；照顾； 照料1、 Many students in our school _the old and they usually offer their seats to them on buses. A. worry about B. care for C. agree with D. take care 【拓展】care的短语总结 take care =be careful =watch out v.当心，小心take care of =look after 照顾，照料，照看 take care of 处理，做完 care for v.照顾，照看 1、Thanks for your invitation, but Im so sorry I cant go. I need to _ my baby at home. A. take away B. take off C. take care of D. take out of 14.Mario Green and Mary Brown from Riverside High School give up several hours each week to help others. (2d)来自河畔高中的马里奥。格林和玛丽每周都会花几个小时去帮助别人。【考点分析1】give up 放弃 give up doing sth=stop doing sth 放弃做某事1、 She wants to _ her job and go to study in Australia. A. grow up B. wake up C. pick up D. give up【考点分析2】several可作定语，表示“几个”：= a few Myfriendspeaksseverallanguages.我的朋友能讲几种语言15.He volunteers at an animal hospital every Saturday morning. (3a) 他每周六早上在动物医院做志愿者。【考点分析】volunteer v 志愿 n 志愿者 volunteerv 志愿n 志愿者volunteer to do sth 志愿做某事1、Jack volunteered _(carry) the water.16. . But I want to learn more about how to care for animals. (3a) 但是我想学习更多的关于如何照顾动物的知识【考点分析】 “疑问词+不定式”作及物动词的宾语，【记】：I dont know what to do. I dont know how to do it . I dont know what to do with it.【拓展】 “特殊疑问词 + 不定式” 与 “wh 从句的转换。 转换时只需在疑问词后加主语（与主句主语一致）， 并将不定式改成“should +v原形“做谓语。I dont know how to solve the problem.= I dont know how I should solve the problem.1、 Which dress do you like best, Madam? Sorry, I cant decide _ now. A. to buy which one B. buy which one C. which one to buy D. which I should buy it.17. I get such a strong feeling of satisfaction when I see the animals get better and the look of joy on their owners faces. 当我看到动物们变得更好，并且它们的主人的脸上呈现喜悦之情时，我有一种很强烈的满足感。(3a)【考点分析1】such adj. 如此【拓展】such/so 辨析：词条词性用法常用结构such形容词修饰名词such a/an +形容词+可数名词单数no/any/ some/ all/ many 等+such+名词such+ 除many/few之外的形容词+可数名词复数such +除much/little之外的形容词+ 不可数名词so程度副词修饰形容词或副词so+ 形容词+a/an + 可数名词单数so+ many/few +可数名词复数so+ much/little+不可数名词so that 如此.以致 “So +adj.+ that” “如此以至” 引导结果状语从句( so后面接形容词、副词)He was so strong that he could lift the heavy bag.【记】名前such,形副so，多多少少（many, much, few, little）都用so。1、He offered _ valuable(有价值的）advice that _ people disagreed. A. such; a few B. Such; few C. So ; a few D. So; few2、“Im a singer” is _ an interesting TV show_ many people like watching it. A. so; that B. such; that C. so; as D. such; as【考点分析2】get better 变得更好18.She could read by herself at the age of four. (3a)她在四岁的时候就能够独自阅读。【考点分析】at the age of 在.岁的时候= when sb. was . years old.1、 He could play the violin when he was five. A. at the age of five B. five years later C. for five years D. five years age 19.Last year, she decided to try out for a volunteer after-school reading program.(3a)去年，她决定尝试在一个课后阅读项目中做一名志愿者。【考点分析】try out 尝试；实验【拓展】 try v 试图，设法，努力 try on 试穿try out试用，试验 have a try = want a go 试一试try to do sth 努力做某事 【侧重尽力做】try doing sth 试图做某事【侧重尝试做】try ones best to do sth= do ones best to do sth 尽某人最大努力做某事1、 I dont know whether the dream can come true ,but I will try _ best. (I) 2、What do you think of your host family, Jim? Great. They try _ best to make me feel at home.A. theyB. their C. them D. theirs3、 The shoes are very niceIll take them. Youd better _ firstIm afraid the size is a bit small for you.Apay for themBtake them off Cput them onDtry them on20.She still works there once a week to help kids learn to read.(3a)她仍然每周在那里工作一次，帮助孩子们学习阅读。【考点分析】once a week 一周一次【拓展】once = one time一次 twice= two times 两次【注】：三次或三次以上用：“基数词+times”three times 三次 four times 四次 three or four times 三到四次1、_do you go to the cinema? Once a month. A. How long B. How far C. How often D. How much21. .，but you can see in their eyes theyre going on a different journey with each new book,., 但是你能从他们的眼睛里看到他们正随着每本新书在进行不同的旅行。(3a)【考点分析】go on a journey = go on a trip去旅行22.Volunteering here is a dream come true for me.(3a)对于我来说，在这里做志愿工作使我梦想成真。【考点分析1】Volunteering here 为动名词做主语【拓展】 动词作主语，用动词的ving形式。1、_ honest is the first thing people should learn. A.Being B. Look C. Be D. Become 【考点分析2】 come true 实现词条是否接宾语用法achieve是主语一般为“人”achieve ones e true否主语一般是“梦想；理想”1、If we Chinese work hard together. China Dream will _ . A. come out B. come true C. achieve【拓展】与come相关的短语：come and go 来来回回come from 来自 come back 回来come out 出来come on 加油，快点come in 进来come back 回来come over 顺便来访come true 实现come up with 想出1、“Learning from Lei Feng Day” is only two weeks from now. We need to _ a plan about it. A.come up with B. Put up C.call up D.set up 2、The book wont_ until the end of the year. A. come out B. come over C. come true D. come on3、We are supposed to _a solution to stop people from looking down at their mobile phones while driving cars. A.come up with B. come form C. come out D. come true 23I can do what I love to do and help others at the same time.(3a)我不但可以做我自己喜欢的事，同时还可以帮助其他人。【考点分析】at the same time 同时, 1、This novel can make you laugh and cry at _ same time. A.a B.an C.the D. /24.Im too busy with my studies this year.今年我正忙于我的学业。(4a)【考点分析】 be busy with忙于做某事 be busy doing sth 忙于做某事1、 Would you like _ camping with me? Id like to. But Im busy _ my homework. A.to go; to do B.to go; doing C.going;to do D.going ; doing.25.Most people today are only worried about getting good jobs( to make) lots of money如今大多数人只关心找挣许多钱的好工作。(4b)【考点分析】 be worried about 为.而担心(侧重状态）= worry about .（侧重动作） 1、 ( )Dont _ about things so much. It will make you stressed out. A. afraid B. worry C. worried D. terrified26.Our class is trying to (come up with) some ideas to(cheer up) sick children because they are often sad.我们班正试着提出一些想法使患病的孩子振作起来。因为他们经常悲伤。(4b)【考点分析】come up with =think of想出1、We are supposed to _a solution to stop people from looking down at their mobile phones while driving cars. A. come up with B. come form C. come out D. come true 27. However, few people think about what they can do to help others.(4b)然而，很少有人会考虑他们能做些什么来帮助他人。【考点分析1】however 然而【拓展】however/but辨析：相同点：都意为“可是，但是” 不同点 but并列连词连接两个并列分句，上下二句在总的意义上构成了对比Ireallydontlikecheese,butIwilltryjustalittlethistime.however转折连词不能直接连接两个分句，必须另起新句，并用逗号隔开Itwasraininghard.However,wewentouttolookfortheboy.1、Confucius once said ,“Everything has beauty, _not everyone sees it. ” A.but B. or C. And2、 Jims a taxi driver, _ he really wants to be a doctor. A. or B. and C. so D. but3、They are in the same school，_in different classes Aand Bor Cbut4、46.He has failed several times, _ he never gives up. A. if B. so C. but 【考点分析2】few 几乎没有词条含义修饰的名词的数例句few几乎没有（表否定含义）可数名词复数They know few of us.a few 一些（表肯定含义）He made a few mistakes.little几乎没有（表否定含义）不可数名词I spend very little on food.a little 一些（表肯定含义）I know a little about the story.1、The girl in purple is new here, so _ people know her. A. few B .a few C .a little28.There are many people who are less lucky than us .(4b) 有很多没有我们幸运的人。【考点分析】less 较少的； 较次的1、The worlds population is growing _and there is _land and water for growing rice. A. more; less B. larger; fewer C. larger; less D. more; fewer【注】less 可用在部分双音节和多音节形容词和副词前，构成形容词和副词的比较级。1、Many boy students think math is _ English. I agree. Im weak in English. A. much difficult than B. so difficult as C. less difficult than D. more difficult than 29.For example , we can make plans to visit sick children in the hospital or raise money for homeless people. (4b) 例如， 我们可以制定一些计划去看望医院生病的孩子们或者无家可归的人们筹钱。【考点分析1】for example例如For example“例如”一般指以同类事物或人中的“一个”为例，作插入语，用逗号隔开，可置于句首、句中或句末。For example，he is a good student. such as用来列举同类人或事物中的几个例子。可以和and so on 连用。 Boys such as John and James are very friendly.【考点分析2】 raise （raised; raised) v 募集；征集 raise money for. “为.筹款”【用法归纳】辨析raise与riseraise及物动词使升高，提高；饲养规则动词，过去式和过去分词均为raisedThe students raise money for the children in poor area.rise不及物动词上升,上涨，提高不规则动词，过去式rose，过去分词为risenTheriver rises every spring【考点分析3】homeless adj. 无家可归的 1、You should do something to help _(无家可归的)people【同类记忆】 careless 粗心的 hopeless 没有希望的useless 没有用的 helpless 无助的【拓展】由home构成的合成词：homeland n 祖国hometown n 家乡 homework 家庭作业homeless adj. 无家可归的home-made adj. 自制的1、 He was born in Italy, but he has made China his _. A. family B. address C. house D. home【home的用法】 home n 家homeless adj. 无家可归的 be home to = be the home of sb. 成为家园 a homeless boy 一个无家可归的男孩1、 We have only one Earth. Its our common _.A. family B. house C. home D. room【短语】与home 相关的短语：on ones way home 在某人回家的路上stay at home 呆在家里go home 回家at home 在家 get home 到家1、( ) Mr. Li regards Ningxia as his second _ because he has been here for over twenty years. A. family B. house C. room D. home1、After the earthquake in Japan, we are trying to help the _ people to rebuild their homes. A. harmless B. endless C. useless D. homeless30. Some people even stop doing their jobs for a few months to a year to move to another country, like Africa,and help people there. (4b) 有些人甚至会停下自己的工作几个月到一年去其他的国家，像非洲，并且帮助那里的人们。【考点分析1】 stop doing sth 停止做某事stop doing sth停止做某事Please stop speaking.stop to do sth 停下来去做另外一件事Please stop to talk.请停下来讲话stop sb. from doing sth=keep sb from doing sth=prevent sb from doing sth 阻止某人做某事cant stop doing sth忍不住做1、You look tired . Youd better _ a good rest. A.stop to have B.stop having C.to stop to have D.to stop having2、Toms mother told him _ eating too much meat. A. stopping B. to stop C. stops D. stopped【考点分析2】 to move 作目的状语Unit2 Ill help to clean up the city parksSection B & Self Check1. I take after my mother. 我长的像我妈妈。（1a)【考点分析】take after 在（外貌、性格等方面）与（父母）相像take after （v. +adv）=be similar to在（外貌、性格等方面）与（父母）相像In her gentle nature,she takes after her mother.她性情温和，像她妈妈。