高中英语 热身课件 新人教版选修9.ppt

inpairsdiscussthesequestions 1whatisanavigator anavigatorexploresnewroutesacrossthesea 2whatisthedifferencebetweenanavigatorandanexplorer anavigatorexploresthesea anexplorerdiscoversnewplacesonland warmingup 3lookatthesefamouspeople aretheynavigatorsorexplorers whatdoyouknowaboutthem navigatorseanauticalinstrumentsfindnewislandsorcontinentsnavigatorissomeonewhofindsthepositionandplotsthecourseofaship anaircraft acar etc usingmapsandinstruments explorerlanduseofcompassandlandmarksfindnewplaceswithinanalreadyidentifiedislandorcontinentexplorerissomeonewhotravelsintoorthroughaplaceinordertolearnaboutit veryoftennavigatorsarealsoexplorers lookatthepictures thenanswerthequestions 1howdoyouthinkseamenfoundtheirwaybeforemodernaccuratemethodsofnavigationwereinvented keptclosetotheshore usednaturesuchasthesun wind birds tide etc tohelpthem andusedsomeoftheinstrumentsincludingacompass astrolabe etc pre reading 2whichdoyouthinkwaseasiertoworkout latitudeorlongitude latitude becauseitwasusedtomeasurehowfaryouhadtravelledfromlandonastraightline itwasdiscoveredalongtimebeforelongitude 3canyouidentifytheseearlynavigationalinstrumentsseamenusedandexplainhowtheyareused 1 2 3 4 4whichonesdoyouthinkarestillusedtoday seachartsarestillusedtoday compass inancientchina astrolabe sextant sea nautical marinechart readthepassageandanswerthefollowingquestions 1whatistheuseofabearingcircle astrolabe quadrantorsextant whatistheuseofacompass atosetthecourseoftheshipbtomeasurethepositionoftheshipctomeasurethespeedoftheshipdtotellthetime comprehending 1 b a 2whyarespeedandtimeimportantinworkingoutthelongitudeofaship speedandtimeareimportantinfindingoutthelongitudeofashipbecausetheearthmovesfifteendegreeswestwardseveryhour ifyouknowyourdirection speedandtime youcanworkouttheapproximatelongitudeorchangeinyourpositioninrelationtothestars 3whyisthepositionofthesunandvariousstarsusefulforworkingoutlatitude thepositionofthesunandstarsareusefulforworkingoutlatitudebecausetheyarefixedpointsintheskyandtheirmovementsinrelationtotheeartharealreadyknown sotheycanbeusedtomeasureaship sposition supposeyouwereaseacaptainaimingtosailroundafrica discussingroups 1whatskillswouldyouseekinyoursailors thesailorswouldneedtobeexcellentnavigators abletocopewithbothhotandcoldweather experiencedinsailingthroughverybadweatherandabletoco operateinateam 2 2whatproblemswouldyouanticipateforthisjourney iwouldanticipateveryhotweather aroundtheequator coldweather aroundthecapeofgoodhope verystormyseas aroundthecape andproblemswithfoodandwater unlesshelpedbylocalnativesthewatermaybecontaminatedandthefoodscarce etc whatwouldyoudoifyoucameacrossthefollowingproblemsduringyourvoyage readthechartbelowandfillinyourplansofactiontodealwiththem 3 waittillthestormisover andthenfindyournewpositionandreturntoyouroriginalcourse useknotstofindyourspeedandworkoutyourapproximatelongitude usethecompassandtheastrolabe quadrantorsextanttofindoutyourposition returntoyourformercourse follownestingbirdstoshore lookforspecialcloudformationsorfogoverstreamstofindland useacompass measureyourpositionusingthesunorstars lookforseabirds cloudformations fogorseaweedtoshowthatlandisnearby readthepassageagainandusetheinformationtoanalysethenavigationalskills writetheanswersinyourownwords usingnature1tofindtheship spositionatseaasailorusedthenorthstarandthesun 4 2asailorknewthatlandwasnearbyifhesaw 3sailorsused toincreasetheirspeed freshseaweed nestingbirdsreturning homeintheeveningorfog seacurrentsortidesandwinds usinginstruments4thereweretwomethodstofindlongitude 1 2 measuringtimeandspeed compassandcomplicatedmathematicaltables 5writedowntheworkingprinciplesofthefollowinginstruments beatingcircle astrolabe tocomparetheheightofthesunnowwiththepositionofthe sunatmidday tocomparethepositionoftheshipinrelationtosomestarsorthesun quadrant amorepreciseformoftheastrolabe tomeasurehowhighstarsareabovethehorizon andcomparethatmeasurementwithpreviousmeasurements usingtheshipasoneofthefixedpointstofinditsposition sextant imagineyouareonaboatwithtwenty nineotherpeople youhaveasmallboxforyourpersonalthingsbutitcanonlyholdtenitems whatwouldyouneedforaweek sjourneyacrossthenorthseatoengland anupdatedversionofthequadrantandsoitwasmoreaccurate tomeasuretheanglebetweentwofixedpointsoutsidetheship usingtwomirrorstofindtheship sposition 5 shirt trousers waterproofboots soap scissors knife blanket sea sicktablets coldmedicine cards chess novels essaycollections replacethewordsunderlinedbyonesofsimilarmeaningfromthereadingpassage 1seeingthedarkcloudsabovehim georgehurriedforhome 2sailingaboatalonefarawayfromtheshoremadeflora sparentsworryabouthersafety learningaboutlanguage 1 overhead offshore 3clare wouldyoupleaseputyourbicyclenexttotheothersintheshed 4 whydon tyouplotamoresimpleroutewiththesmallestnumberofstops askedmary 5settingoutonalongjourneybyseawithunskilledsailorswouldbedangerousespeciallyiftherewerenomodernnavigationalinstruments alongside simplified minimum voyage seamen findthewordsfromthereadingpassagethataretheoppositeofthesecompoundwords anywhere upload inward unreliable landflower strongpoint 2 nowhere download outward reliable seaweed shortcoming writedownthewordsyouknow whicharerelatedtonavigationandsea 3 navigate navigational instruments compass bearingcircle astrolabe quadrant sextant sail sailor voyage latitude longitude equator horizon captain sailor land island setsail nauticalmiddles explore exploration seaman seaweed seafood shore offshore onshore beach beach ballseabed sea bird seagull seashell seaside seawater seasick coast coastline coastal tide wave current completethefollowingparagraphwiththewordsbelow samuelthesailorwasextremelygoodatplottinghiscourseusingthestarsasa onedayhewasdeterminedtosetoutona acrossanunknownseatoanunknowncontinent hesetoutwithhisinstrumentssohewouldnotbeatthe ofthesea hefoundonhis journeyarockyisland itseemedtobecoveredinnests suddenly assamuellooked anenormousbirdswoopeddown 4 reference voyage mercy outward andpickedhimupasifhewerea an parcel it itsspeedandrosestraightupintotheairsoastoreachthe placeontherockswhereitsnestlay oncethere itshookitselfandthrewsamuelinthe directionofthenest thereseemedtobe tohidebutthenhenoticedlotsof onhisleftandquicklyhidunderit thebirdlandednearbyandpecked attherocks samuelrolledoverswiftlyandfoundhimselfattheedgeofthecliff helooked awkward accelerate precise approximate nowhere seaweed randomly downslowlywithabeatingheart belowhimwashisboatlying theshore howluckyiam samuelthoughttohimself hethengaveamightyleapandlandedinit onceinsidehecouldsafelysailaway alongside revisingusefulstructuresreadtheinformationbelowandlearnmoreaboutcaptaincook thenunderlinethepredicatesinthesentences 1jamescookwasagreatenglishnavigatorandpacificoceanexpeditionleader 2hehadnotonlyanoutstandingabilityinnavigationandexploration butalsoarealconcernforsailors health hecarriedoutcompulsorydietaryreformsthatwerecopiedbymanyothershipcaptains 1 3hehadledthreegreatpacificvoyagesduringhislife 4inhisfirstpacificvoyagein1769 jamescookroundedcapehorn thenspentsixmonthschartingnewzealand andfinallyexploredandclaimedpossessionofeasternaustralia 5in1772 captaincooksetsailtolookfora theorizedgreatsoutherncontinent althoughtheycouldnotmanagetoreachtheantarcticowingtotheice hepredictedthatifitdidexist itwouldhavetobeawasteland 6in1776 captaincookstartedhisthirdpacificvoyage searchingforthenorthwestpassagefromthepacificoceantotheatlanticocean unfortunately hewaskilledinadisputewithhawaiiannativesandhismen sattemptatthenorthwestpassagewasunsuccessful however thisvoyageisstillrecognizedasespeciallysignificantinthehistoryofthediscoveryofthewestcoastofnorthamerica completethefollowingdialogue usingverbsintheirproperforms remembertoreadtheconversationbeforeandaftereachblankbeforeyoufillitin susan doyouthinkyou llbegoingtothatpopconcertnextweek clare no let sforgetaboutthatasit llsoonbetimeforourexams susan 2 doyouneedtodomorerevision clare idon treallythinkineedtodomorerevision i vedoneenoughbutit llhelpmeforgettheconcertyou llbeenjoying susan clare actuallythereisareason idon tthinki mgoingtohaveenoughmoneyeventhoughi vebeensavingespeciallyforthisoccasion susan isthereanotherreasonwhyyoudon twanttocometotheconcert perhapsicanhelpyou ialwaysearnextramoneybycleaningcars myfatheralwayspaysmewhenicleanhis clare well thankyouforofferingtohelpme i llhappilycleanyourfather scarifhe llpaymetoo susan clare ihopeyou llthankhimforme i dneverbeallowedtocleanmyfather scar heissoproudofithewon tletanyonetouchit susan i msurehewill he salwaysbeenkindtomyfriends ohthisismyfather sfourthcarsotheexcitementhaswornoffalittle clare hisfourthcar mygoodness hemusthavebeenearningalotofmoneytohaveownedsomany susan clare ohisee thatexplainsthings pleasewouldyouphonehimnowandaskhimwhenitwouldbeconvenientformetocleanit susan isupposeso hehashisownbusinesssoheneedsacarforhiswork ofcoursei lldothatrightaway clare that ssokindofyou nowwhilei mdoingthecleaningperhapsyoucanorderourticketsfortheconcert i llgoandgetreadytobeginwork seeyousoon thanksandgoodbye whencaptainblighreturnedhomehewastreatedasahero itwasdiscussedwhetherheshouldreceiveaspecialmedalornot getintogroupsoffouranddiscussthesequestions thenrole playthedialogue usinglanguage 1 1sampledialoguelipei lp duzhou dz wenfuqing wf andliuyongfu ly arediscussingthejourneyandcaptainbligh sleadershipqualities lp whyareyouconvincedthatthisjourneyshowsthegreatestnavigationalskill i msuretheremusthavebeenothersthatwereasgood ifnotbetter dz doyouknowofmanyotherseavoyagesofthiskind wf well there sthatjourneybyshackletonfromelephantislandintheantarctictogethelpfromanotherislandwithawhalingstation hewantedtorescuehismen theweatherwasterribleandhewasinanopenboat too ly howcanyouthinkthatjourneywasmoredifficult itdidn tlastverylong captain sbligh sjourneylastedoverfortydays wasveryhotandtheyhadverylittlefoodandwater itwasbecausecaptainblighwasagreatleaderthattheysurvived dz nowthati veheardaboutitiamveryimpressed allthosemenpushedtogetherinaverysmallboat itmusthavebeenterribleforthemtostayfriendly meanwhiletheywerebeingdrivenmadbylackoffreshwaterandtherewasallthatsaltwaterallaroundthem that sthereasonithinkitwasthegreatestseaescape lp whenyouputitthatwayisupposeitwasagreatachievement captainblighwascertainlyexcellentinthewayhekeptthemenoccupiedandtriedtotaketheirmindsofftheirtroubles inadditionhetreatedeveryonethesamewhenitcametofoodorwater soithinkyouarerightanditwasthegreatestexampleofnavigationalskillagainsttheodds doyouagree dz wfandly together yes wedo 2sampledialoguedz whatleadershipqualitiesdoyouthinkcaptainblighshowed lp sincehehadsuchviolentdisagreementswithhiscrew ithinkhewasabadleader wf doyoureally hedoesseemtohavehadabadtempersothathasgivenhimabadreputation however hewasalsokindtohismenatothertimessoithinkhewasareasonableleader ly whatdidhedo wf heprovidedcabbagesothesailorswouldnotgetillandmadethemdancesothattheywouldstayhealthy thatshowshewasagoodleader dz yesindeed thatisonegoodquality howeverhavingabadtemperandgettingangryquicklyshowsabadquality wf nowthinkaboutthevoyagetotimor onthatjourneyhewasfairwiththefood kepteveryoneoccupiedworkingouttheboat sposition andkeptthecrewcheerful thefactthathetriedsohardtobuildco operativebehaviorshowsgoodleadershipqualities lp indeedhedid thatiswhysomepeopleregardhimasahero ly well heseemscontradictory heisagoodleaderinacrisisandabadonetherestofthetime dz no no thatseemsabitcruelalthoughitwasduetohisbadtemperthecrewtookovertheship itwasalsoduetohisgoodtemperthatthecrewsurvivedinthesmallboat ithinkliuyongfuisright hewasgoodinacrisisbecausehewasfairwiththefood encouragedteamspirit madepeoplecheerfulandusedhisskillstogetthemhome buthewasabadleaderinageneralsituationbecausehegotangryoversmallthings likeaccusingpeopleofstealingfoodordisobeyinghim andwastooeasy goingintahiti whereheletthemenrelaxtoomuchsotheydidnotwanttogobacktoengland lp hewasastrangemixtureindeed asampleletterreportdearsir ithinkcaptainblighshouldcertainlyreceiveaspecialmedalforhisamazingvoyageacrosstheseatotimor thisisajourneythatcouldnothavebeencompletedwithoutgreatnavigationalskill inadditioncaptainblighdidnotloseoneman first heshowedhisleadershipqualitiesbysharingthefoodandwaterfairlywiththemenintheboat everyonewastreatedequallyandthismadeforgoodfeelingbetweenthemembersoftheboat second hekepteveryoneintheboatcheerfulbydiscussingwhattheywoulddowhentheyarrivedsafely noonewasallowedtothinkaboutwhatmighthappeniftheydidnotarrive third hekeptthemoccupiedbyorganizingthecomplicatedmathematicalcalculationsneededtofindtheirpositionatsea thecrewwhohadtakenoverthe bounty hadleftcaptainblighwithonlyaquadrantandacompass thismeantthatnumerous calculationswereneededtofindtheircorrect position captainblighencouragedthecrewintheboattotakemeasurementsregularlyandeachperso