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Review of Smart Grid and its Development Prospect in Sichuan DU Xin Wei Ye Qiang Sichuan Electric Power Test and Research Institute Sichuan Electric Power Corporation Chengdu China xiaobei0724 Abstract With the unceasing rising consciousness of energy and environment the demand of electrical power grid safe and steady running as well as the requirement of high quality and reliable power supply for consumers smart grid has been a common aim of power electric development of the whole world The power grid in Sichuan of China is an extraordinary characteristic regional grid in the world wide Undertaking smart grid research and implementation in Sichuan is necessary and of great foundation and also processes practical significance for safe and stabilization of national power grid optimization of national energy structure and etc In the paper first of all according to various definitions of smart grid in the world wide the author s understandings of conception of smart grid are expatiated And then the status of worldwide smart grid development is introduced and the enormous challenges which Chinese power enterprises are facing is analyzing though which the inspiration of developing smart grid in China can be gained At last the status and characteristics of Sichuan power grid is also briefly introduced and several suggestions in various aspects for Sichuan smart grid construction is prospected Keywords smart grid Sichuan grid development prospect I INTRODUCTION Along with the unceasing rising consciousness of energy and environment the demand of electrical power grid safe and steady running as well as the requirement of high quality and reliable power supply for consumers smart grid has been a common aim of power electric development of the whole world 1 2 With high social responsibility State Grid Corporation of China actively promotes power technology development and innovation proposes the programming of uniform and strong smart grid which bases on UHV power grid and harmonious grids of all levels uses advanced communications information and control technology and characterizes by information automation digital and interactive 3 And with the national and provincial smart grid plan drawing up and introducing smart grid will achieve transformation from the concept to science and technology consequentially and gradually bring development and upgrading of the whole power grid including electric power generating transmission distribution and supplying that creates a more secure energy saving environmental protection and economic power systems The power grid of Sichuan is an extraordinary characteristic regional grid in the world wide With the rapid development of ultra high voltage power transmission in China Sichuan will construct a good many UHV AC and DC lines that forms a multi terminal high capacity long distance delivery end of national power systems The requirement for power safety and reliability of Sichuan grid is high but its control protection and defense is difficult Sichuan grid also has a large scale of small hydropower whose management dispatch control measure is extraordinary complex Facing problems and challenges of power development in Sichuan grid it is necessary to widely apply advanced technologies as power safety control system FACTS devices WAMS and etc for enhancing its anti jamming capability and power transmitting level And building smart grid based on the characteristics of Sichuan grid will be a excellent approach In the paper first of all according to various definitions of smart grid in the world wide the author s understandings of conception of smart grid are expatiated And then the status of worldwide smart grid development is introduced and the enormous challenges which Chinese power enterprises are facing is analyzing though which the inspiration of developing smart grid in China can be gained At last the status and characteristics of Sichuan power grid is also briefly introduced and several suggestions in various aspects for Sichuan smart grid construction is prospected II CONCEPTION AND CHARACTERISTIC OF SMART GRID At present smart grid is in the initial stage and lots of countries or organizations have different understandings and conceptions 4 The standards and specifications of smart grid have not yet formed Integrating all kinds of understanding of smart grid and considering the characteristics of Sichuan power grid smart grid mainly contains the following four levels power gird level environmental level management level and market level A Power Grid Level Strong ability of self healing and anti interference is basis for smart grid development Firstly monitoring the status of whole network running and detect hidden network faults thought continuous self analysis self diagnosis then eliminate the faults in the bud using automatic methods Secondly power 978 1 4244 4813 5 10 25 00 2010 IEEE grid can detect external factors as temperature changes power supply access and etc and take intelligent means to actively reply 5 For extreme natural disasters as ice snow earthquakes and etc the grids can exhibit a high anti attack capability Thirdly in case that outage occurs power system can response rapidly and restore orderly minimizing influence of the fault B Environmental Level Clean green energy structure is an inherent requirement of smart grid development 6 Smart grid requests power grid to be compatible with centralized and distributed generation model support wind solar and other clean energy power generation and energy storage devices access and achieve that micro power and ultra high voltage power grid can complement and support for each other through comprehensive and rational management 7 8 9 C Management Level Group oriented efficient management is the guarantee of the smart grid development First of all through establishing unified platform and specification electricity production and business management will possess a more detailed and efficient standards processes and assessment system which will greatly enhance the level of management and operations What s more reasonable construction scales and timing of power projects and arrangement of equipment operation and maintenance can fully enhance efficiency of existing assets and reduce the cost of operation and maintenance to realize the grids scientifically development D Market Level Flexible interactive electricity market is the ultimate expression of smart grid development Smart grid provides an open platform for electricity market and power transactions offer high quality service and optimizes resource allocation to promote harmonious development between power industry and social economic and environment On the basis of open system and information sharing model a kind of real time connection between power consumers and grid corporation will be formed to realize high speed two way interaction 10 The consumers could choose best power supply scheme and grid corporation encourage consumers to participate in power conditioning III WORLDWIDE SMART GRID DEVELOPMENT AND THE INSPIRATION TO US A Worldwide Smart Grid Development In order to resolve existing problems and satisfy respective needs as environment energy and etc the United States and the European power grids put forward the concept of smart grid and conduct a series of practice since 2003 11 Gradually smart grid is taken seriously all over the world The driving force of smart grid development of the United States and Europe is different The United States focused on power grid infrastructure updates and smart grid construction in Europe is even more committed to renewable resources and distributed energy development The United States analyzed electricity industry status and smart grid vision and put forward a variety of understanding and action plan recommendations of smart grid since 2003 of which the most representative is definition of smart grid proposed by the U S electric power research institute In the Smart Grid 2030 Plan of United States a fully automated picture of the power grid is described in which each node of the grid could be monitored and controlled and the information and energy could flow bidirectional in power plants equipment and any nodes of the grid In 2004 the European Commission launched related research and construction work of smart grid Smart grid project report submitted that in 2020 the European power gird will become more flexible easy access reliable and economical B The Inspiration to Us Development of global electricity industry is facing with many challenges both common and specific problems Power enterprises of China are also faced with enormous challenges mainly reflected in aspects as follows 1 With increasing grid scale grade and more complex structure the risk of safe and reliable operation of power system getting more serious 2 It is an unavoidably problem to be up against climate change and energy issues 3 Ability of anti attacking and withstanding natural disasters needs to be strengthened 4 The desire of consumers to participate in power management increases gradually 5 The importance of power enterprise management is made prominent 6 Grid construction investment should obtain corresponding income and power equipment utilization should be improved With worldwide experiences developing smart grid will be a positive way for us to deal with the challenges above Firstly smart grid will realize comprehensive upgrade including power transmission distribution and other links to form uniform and strong grid based on UHV grid Secondly combine advanced information and control technology to realize intelligent of the grid Thirdly international grids and distributed generation complements for each other to achieve energy structure more balanced and electricity more clean Fourthly the management platform of power enterprise redounds to efficient operations and asset utilization Fifthly smart grid could gradually extend new service fields and form new interaction model between power enterprises and consumers In a word smart grid can help to deal with great challenges and meet higher demand for the development of future power grid IV CHARACTERISTICS OF SICHUAN POWER GRID A Brief Introduction of Sichuan Power Grid Sichuan possesses extremely rich hydropower resources which mainly located in the west of Sichuan In order to meet power demand of load concentrated areas in eastern Sichuan and also East China Central China and North China And the power gird also constructs primarily for the hydropower secure and convenient transmission Nowadays Sichuan 220kV grid has covered whole province 500kV grid has been also further improved and formed a certain scale With the rapid development of ultra high voltage power transmission in China Sichuan not only processes North South dual channel 500kV lines Deyang Baoji 500kV DC for power deliver and also will construct a good many UHV AC and DC lines including Ya an to Chongqing UHV AC Xiangjiaba Jinping UHV DC lines and etc And then Sichuan grid will form a multi terminal high capacity long distance delivery end of national power systems B Charateristics of Sichuan Power Grid and Prospect of Developing Smart Grid in Sichuan Sichuan power grid is an extraordinary characteristic regional grid in the world wide There are plenty of characteristics and advantages for smart grid development including that 1 Hydropower resources are very rich in Sichuan and a UHV AC and DC integrated large capacity and long range power delivery grid will form in the future The operating mode of power grid changes greatly and its control protection and defense is difficult 2 The characteristics of electrical source convergence determines that Sichuan power grid takes on important task of control in the national network system so wide area measurement system FACTS devices intelligent scheduling security control systems and etc needs to be researched deeply 3 Small hydro in Sichuan has reached a certain scale and solar energy is rich in western Sichuan 4 Lots of electric delivery channels in Sichuan located in areas of extreme natural disasters Anti attack capability of power grid needs to be further strengthened And so on Generally speaking undertaking smart grid research and implementation in Sichuan is necessary and of great foundation and also processes practical significance for safe and stabilization of national power grid optimization of national energy structure and etc Development of smart grid in Sichuan must focus on the characteristics of numerous small hydropower multiport feed out mixed UHV AC and DC grids frequent natural disasters and etc to the develop Sichuan style smart grid With UHV power grid computers and power electronic devices as the carrier through introduction of new communication control and information technology on power grid level technological innovation should be promoted and a strong grid of self diagnosis self recovery and excellent ability to resist outside interference should be constructed On environmental level accessing clean energy and adopting energy conservation and emission reduction means to achieve sustainable development of power grid On management level through information integration and decision supporting systems more efficient management and asset utilization should be achieved And on market level new and high quality products and services should be provided and new customer relationships should be established Through the above four levels Sichuan power grid will realize comprehensive upgrade by the entity to the concept in order to create a more clean safe reliable and economical power system V STUDIES NEEDED FOR SMART GRID DEVELOPMENT IN SICHUAN A Studies Needed for Smart Grid Basic Research The study of smart grid must start by the basis and the concept itself including determining the research scope and the construction goals and drafting smart grid related standards and norms Toward the status of socio economic situation and power grid of Sichuan the impact and promoting role of smart grid development for Sichuan social economic industrial and other aspects should be also in depth studied and finally planning the smart grid vision in Sichuan and the implementing steps In addition it is an important issue to occupy a place in the global wave of smart grid development using technical advantages of Dongfang Electric information industry and others of Sichuan B Studies Needed for Power Grid Level Strong and self healing grid is the core problem of power grid level 1 FACTS device is an important component of smart grid in future Enhancing the research of FACTS installation in UHV grid will help power grid adjusting voltage and power flow of distribution dynamically and flexibly greatly improving controllability of power system 2 Wide area measurement system WAMS is widespread concerned and rapid developed in recent years and it is also an important data source for self healing But as new control measure means WAMS is still at the exploratory stage which needs further research and practice 3 Self healing is an important characteristic of smart grid According to idiographic instance of power grid multilevel and partitioned self healing should be put in practice 4 Strong grid requires that power system has ability of disaster redundancy and resilience but a lot of lines and substations in Sichuan locate in the area of frequent natural disasters and bad terrain especially in the intending UHV grid construction study of line anti ice and anti seism is of great engineering significance 5 In the aspect of digital substation and intelligence equipment several basic theories and technologies are still inconclusive and interpretation and implementation of IEC61850 needs intensified research In addition power grid level research also includes intelligent dispatch responding external factors super real time simulation advanced distribution grid and so on C Studies Needed for Environmental Level As the global energy crisis and environmental problems exacerbating distributed power generation and energy storage technology becomes driving force and significant component of smart grid 1 There is a lack of wind energy in Sichuan but solar energy resource is relatively abundant on western plateau Solar and its access technologies can be researched including distributed generation technology itself the impact of access distributed generation into power system and etc 2 As a kind of distributed power generation small hydropower stations in Sichuan has great industrial advantages The management model and trading system of future distributed generation can be researched taking small hydropower stations for example 3 The study and applications of large energy storage technology in the intermittent power generation such as small hydro photovoltaic power generation and etc In addition environmental level research also includes electric vehicles and its charging stations energy saving dispatching theory and so on D Studies Needed for Management Level Smart grid put forward higher requirements to enterprise management ability and the degree of information 1 With the whole progress of SG186 project and EPR system of State Grid Corporation Sichuan information platform construction is undertaken by stages to gradually form a comprehensive decision supporting management system 2 The condition based maintenance of transmission lines and transformers will help to arrange equipment examining and repairing rationally which will reduce maintenance costs and improve equipment efficiency and economic benefit of enterprises greatly In addition management level study also includes life cycle asset management strong and flexible communications networks power grid development benefit evaluation and so on E Studies Needed for Market Level The ultimate embodiment and target of smart grid is a mature electricity market structure which realizes new models of between consumer