广西扶绥县第二中学高中英语 Unit4 Sharing Grammar课件1 新人教版选修7.ppt

unit4sharing 限制性定语从句 restrictiveattributiveclause grammar theyarekindandwarm heartedpeoplewhocangivetime energyandtalentstohelpothersinneedandservetheircommunities expectingnothinginreturn ariddle 谜 whoarethey 在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句 起定语的作用 2 先行词 被定语从句修饰的名词或代词 3 关系词 定语从句 关系代词 关系副词 which that who whom whose as等 where when why 在定语从句中作主语 宾语 定语和表语 在定语从句中作状语 1 定义 引导定语从句的词 起着连接主从句 指代先行词和在从句中作成分的三重作用 themanwholivesnexttoussellsvegetables 先行词 定语从句 关系词 theman wholivesnexttous who themansellsvegetables helivesnexttous 合并句子图示 共有词 主句 从句 共有词 关系词 共有词 关系词 主句从句 thegirlgotfirst herfatherhadgivenusareport thegirlwhosefatherhadgivenusareportgotfirst 把两个句子合成一个含有定语从句的复合句 一 定语从句中关系代词that which who whom whose的用法 关系代词的用法 人 物 物 人 人 人 物 的 主 宾 表 主 宾 表 主 宾 表 宾语 定语 作宾语可省 作宾语可省 作宾语可省 可省 不可省 口诀 前看先行词 辩清人或物后看从句里 有无主宾语 that和which在指物的情况下一般都可以互换 但在下列情况下 一般用that而不用which note1 请牢记 只用that不用which的情况 1 theterribletyphoonkilledthepeopleandcattle wereinthefields 2 thewindblewdownthetallesttree isinfrontofourschoolgate 3 thisistheverything iwaslookingfor that that that 先行词中既有人又有事物时用that 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时 先行词被theonly thevery thejust thelast修饰时用that 4 thereisabookonthedesk ilike 5 thereisnothingintheworld canfrightenme 6 whoistheman isreadingunderthetree that that that 当主句是here there以开头时用that 先行词为all everything nothing something anything little much等不定代词时用that 当主句是以which who开头的特殊疑问句时用that 关系代词that which who whom whose都可以引导定语从句 在定语从句中作主语 宾语 定语和表语 使用时要考虑两点 1 先行词是 人 还是 物 2 关系代词在定语从句中充当什么成分 首先 当先行词是 人 时 关系代词在定语从句中作主语时 用that who 关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时 用whom that who 其次 先行词如果是 物 时 可用关系代词that which来充当主语或者宾语 whose可指人或物 在定语从句中作定语 另外 还要熟记一般只用that引导定语从句的几种情况 summary 关系代词在定语从句中做介词的宾语时 可以把从句的介词提前至关系代词前 这时定语从句由介词 关系代词引导 二 介词 关系代词which 指物 whom 指人 引导的定语从句 thisisthefactorywhichiworkedintenyearsago thisisthefactoryinwhichiworkedtenyearsago where thisisthefactory iworkedinthefactorytenyearsago 1 iwillgiveyouthebook youaskedfor iwillgiveyouthebook youasked 2 wemettheman wetalkedabout wemettheman wetalked that which forwhich whom that who aboutwhom 介词 关系代词引导定语从句时 如先行词是物 关系代词只能用which 而不能用that 介词 关系代词引导定语从句时 如先行词是人 关系代词只能用whom 而不能用that和who 关系代词前的介词如何确定 i llneverforgetthedayonwhichiwasborn 1996istheyearinwhichyouwereborn 小结1 根据所用的介词与先行词的习惯搭配来判断 hongkongisthecityfromwhichhecomes youarethestudentswithwhomyourheadteacherisstrict 小结2 看定语从句中动词与介词或形容词与介词的搭配来判断 wusongwasthemanbywhomthetigerwasbeaten 小结3 根据定语从句的意义来判断 2 介词 关系代词前还可有some any none all both neither many most each few等代词或数词 of therearemanyappleshere someofwhichhavegonebad hehas3sons twoofwhomaredoctors andsomeofthem andtwoofthem 1 hesentusmanybooks noneof islikedbyall 2 hesentusmanybooks butnoneof islikedbyall 3 hesentusmanybooks noneof islikedbyall 4 hesentusmanybooks noneof islikedbyall a themb thatc whichd none c a a 要注意句中是否有并列连词but and or等 a 像listento lookat dependon payattentionto takecareof等固定短语动词 在定语从句中一般不宜将介词与动词分开 thisistheboywhomshehastakencareof 1 thisistherock theboyfelldownintothesea 2 thefilmstar wetalkedalotyesterdaywillgiveusaspeechtomorrow 3 thewestlake hangzhouisfamousintheworldwillbemorebeautiful 4 thesubject xiaowangisgoodisphysics fromwhich aboutwhom forwhich atwhich 请用 介词 which或whom 完成以下句子 5 thereason hecouldnotgotherewasthathisgradeswastoolow 6 theprofessor mr smithshookhandsyesterdayhasmadenewdiscoveriesinscience 7 couldyoutellmetheday youarrived 8 iwilltreasurethedays ilivedhere withwhom onwhich inwhich forwhich summary 介词 关系代词 引导定语从句时 介词后的关系代词不能用that 先行词指物时 介词后的关系代词用which 指人时用whom 三 定语从句中关系副词when where why的用法 1 关系副词where thisisthefactorywhereiworkedtenyearsago theschoolwheremysonstudiesisnearapark inwhich atwhich 地点状语 which 2 关系副词when they llneverforgetjuly1whenhongkongreturnedtoitsmotherland thedayswhenwelivedtogetherhappilyaregoneforever onwhich duringwhich 时间状语 which therearemanyreasons peopleliketravelingformanyreasons 3 关系副词why why引导的定语从句修饰先行词reason 在从句中作原因状语 相当于 for which therearemanyreasonswhypeopleliketraveling forwhich 1 ishallneverforgetthoseyears iliveinthefarm a whenb wherec whichd why2 doyouknowthereason hewaslate a forwhichb forwhatc whichd that exercises 3 isthatthereason youareinfavoroftheproposal a whichb whatc whyd forthat 4 icanstillrememberthesitting room mymotherandiusedtositintheevening a whatb whichc thatd where 5 whocanthinkofasituation thisidiomcanbeused a whichb thatc whered inthat 注意 当先行词是situation case point position stage等表抽象地点的词时 定语从句中缺少状语 也要用where引导 thisisthepointwhereidon tagree thepolicearelookingintothecasewheretwovipswerekilled 注意 当先行词是时间 地点 原因时 定语从句的引导词在从句中做状语时才用关系副词when where why 如做主语 宾语 表语仍用关系代词that which 1 thisistheplace heworks thisistheplace wevisitedlastyear 2 thatwastheday hearrived doyoustillremembertheday wespenttogether 3 thisisthereason heleft thereason hegaveuswasquitereasonable where which that when that which why that which 选择定语从句的关系词一定要看先行词在从句中所做成分 当先行词在从句中作状语 则选择相应的关系 当先行词在从句中作主语 宾语或表语 则选择相应的关系 副词when where why 代词that which who whom等 summary 关系副词的用法 时间 时间状语 地点 地点状语 原因 原因状语 五 定语从句中需注意的问题 helivesintheroomwhosewindowfacessouth helivesintheroom facessouth helivesintheroom facessouth thewindowofwhich ofwhichthewindow 注意 note1 whose 名词 the n ofwhich whom ofwhich whom the n filltheblankwiththeproperrelatives theteachers arepresentareallexperiencedteachers 2 ourclassisabigfamily consistsof50girlsand32boys 3 davidistheboy englishisverygoodinourclass 4 i dlikearoom windowlooksoutoverthesea 5 thedoctor youarelookingforisintheroom who that which that whose whose whom who that 主语 主语 定语 定语 宾语 1 heisoneofthestudentsinhisclasswho have gottheteacher spraise2 heistheonlyoneinhisclasswho have gottheteacher spraise has have note3 先行词是theway时 idon tliketheway helooksatme 2 idon tliketheway hetoldme that which 当theway先行词时 定语从句缺状语 可用that inwhich或不用关系词 但如果定语从句中缺少主语或宾语时 还是要用关系代词that或which note4 由as引导的限制性定语从句 常用于下列句式 such as 像 一样的 thesame as 和 同样的 thisisthesamethingasweareinneedof suchpeopleasyousayareshortnow 六 定语从句中易混易错经典题型 1 isthispen youlostyesterday 2 isthisthepen youlostyesterday thatb inwhichc theoned ofwhich 一 注意有无先行词 c a 3 itwas1997 hongkongreturnedtochina 4 itwasin1997 hongkongreturnedtochina whenb thatc whered which a b 二 定语从句与强调句的区别 5 iwillneverforgettheday icametoschoolforthefirsttime 6 iwillneverforgettheday ispentwithyou whenb wherec whichd inwhich a c 三 定语从句的连词选定要看在从句中的作用 7 peterisoneofthestudents bestinhisclass 8 peteristheonlyoneofthestudents bestinhisclass whosingsb whosingc whosesingd thatsing 四 先行词的选定 b a 9 hehastwosons both aredoctors 10 hehastwosons andboth aredoctors ofthemb whoc ofwhomd ofwhich 五 定语从句与并列句的区别 c a 总结 1 定语从句要避免成分重复2 定语从句要避免漏用关系词3 引导定语从句的关系词要使用正确4 从句要用陈述句的语序5 定语从句中谓语动词的单复数要注意 playthegame wordsguessing wordsguessing 1 apersonwho thatteachesustolearnthings2 apersonwhosejobistomakeyouunderstandwhatpeoplearesayinginanotherlanguage3 thethingthatyouneedwhenyoubuysomething teacher interpreter money 4 thebookthat whichweuseeverydayinschool5 theplacewherewewerebornandgrowup6 thedatewhenwewereborn7 thingsthatweneedtowearwhenwecan tseethingsclearly textbook hometown birthday glasses 8 areasonwhysomeoftheboyscan tlearnwell9 apersonwhocangivetime energyandtalentstohelpothersinneedandservetheircommunities expectingnothinginreturn 10 alargebrushwhich thatisusedtosweepthefloor laziness volunteer broom correctthesentences goupwork 1 i musingthepenwhichheboughtityesterday 2 doyouknowthemanhisnameistom 3 thepartywasheldbythesmithslastweekwasabigsuccess 4 isthistheschoolwhichdidyousetuplastyear 5 chengduisthemostbeautifulcitywhichi veeverseen 6 moyanandhisworkswhichhavebeenreportedhaveattractedourattention whose which that that或删去which that practicemakesperfect theprizewillgotothewriter storyshowsthemostimagination a thatb whichc whosed what c 练一练 2 finallyhereachedalonelyisland wascompletelycutofffromtheoutsideworld whenb wherec whichd whom c 3 you llfindtaxiswaitingatthebusstation youcanhiretoreachyourhostfamily a whichb wherec whend as a 4 thebooktellsstoriesoftheearthquakethroughtheeyesofthose liveswereaffected a whoseb thatc whod which a 5 shehasagiftforcreatinganatmosphereforherstudents allowsthemtocommunicatefreelywitheachother a whichb wherec whatd who a 6 oldtownhasnarrowstreetsandsmallhouses arebuiltclosetoeachother theyb wherec whatd that d 7 sheshowedthevisitorsaroundthemuseum theconstruction hadtakenmorethanthreeyears forwhichb withwhichc ofwhichd towhich c 8 thisisoneofthebestbooks a thathaveeverbeenwrittenb thathaseverbeenwrittenc thathaswrittend thathavewritten9 sheisnottheonlyoneofthegirls wellinclass a whichsingsb whosingc whosingsd whotosing a c 10 isthisfactory wevisitedlastweek d isthisthefactory wevisitedlastweek a whereb thatc towhichd theone b 解题关键 如果是疑问句式 将其转化为陈述句式 11 thisisthebesthotelinthecity iknow a itb wherec thatd which12 yourteacherofchineseisayounglady comesfrombeijing a whob whichc whomd whose c a 1 iboughtsomebooksfromthebookstore five wereenglishnovels a ofwhichb whichc thatd inwhich a choosetherightanswer 2 therearethreelibrariesinourschool werebuiltfiveyearsago a allofthemb eitherofthemc allofwhichd bothofthat c 3 doyouremembertheday yoursisterwasgraduatedasamasterofarts a whichb onwhichc aboutwhichd 不填 b 4 thebus wasalreadyfull wassurroundedbyanangrycrowd a whichofmostb mostofwhichc whichofthemostd mostofthat b 5 hiswalkingstick hecan twalk waslostyesterday a thatb withwhichc whichd withoutwhich d practicemakesperfect thehouse weliveisnotbig thehouse weliveinisnotbig d b a inthatb whichc inwhichd where 3 itisnotsuchaninterestingmagazine ithought a asb thatc whichd 不填 4 youknow heisafamousmusician a asb whichc thatd 不填 a a 5 shewillneverforgettheday shespentinbeijing a whenb whatc whichd why c shewillneverforgettheday shestayedwithhiminbeijing a 6 idon tlikeenglish grammariamnotinterested idon tlikeenglish grammarisdifficulttolearn ilikethishouse door