高中英语 语法课件2 新人教版选修7.ppt

revisionofnon restrictiveattributiveclauses unit5grammar havealk they vewontheirlastthreematches whichifindabitsurprisingactually 2 imetmr huangthismorning whoisourgeneralmanager 3 formanycitiesintheworld thereisnoroomtospreadoutfurther ofwhichnewyorkisanexample 4 lastmonth partofsoutheastasiawasstruckbyfloods fromwhoseeffectsthepeoplearestillsuffering 5 greatchangeshavetakenplaceinthatschool itisnolongerwhatitwas20yearsago whenitwassopoorlyequipped 6 asiexplainedonthephone yourrequestwillbeconsideredatthenextmeeting 1 定语从句 修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句 定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后 2 先行词 被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词 3 关系词 引导定语从句的词叫关系词 revision 关系词有关系代词和关系副词 关系代词有that which who whom whose as 关系副词有when where why 关系词通常有下列三个作用 a 引导定语从句b 代替先行词c 在定语从句中担当一个成分 限制性定语从句 restrictive 非限制性定语从句 non restrictive 定语从句 theteachertoldmethattomwastheonlypersonthaticoulddependon 老师告诉我说汤姆是我唯一的可以依靠的人 hismother wholoveshimverymuch isstrictwithhim 他妈妈十分地爱他 对他要求很严格 限制性定语从句 所谓限制性定语从句就是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语 如果去掉 主句就失去意义或意义不完整 这种从句和先行词的关系十分密切 写时不用逗号和主句分开 限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句 iwastheonlypersoninmyofficewhowasinvited 我是我们办公室唯一被邀请的人 如果把从句部分去掉 整个句子的含义就变了 非限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句和主句的关系并不十分密切 只是对先行词做些附加说明 如果去掉 主句的意思仍然清楚 这种从句和主句之间往往用逗号隔开 在讲话时须停顿 一般不用that引导 1 hisdog whichwasnowveryold becameillanddied 他的狗当时很老了 生病后就死了 去掉从句 主句的意义仍然完整 他的狗生病死了 2 yesterdayimetlilei whoseemedtobeverybusy 昨天我碰上李雷了 他好象很忙 去掉从句 意义仍然完整 昨天我碰上李雷了 限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别 限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别 a thisistheplacewhereilivedtenyearsago b sheisgoingtospendthewinterholidayinmacao whichreturnedtochinain1999 2 a heisamanwhoicanaskforhelp b hisfather whoworksinbeijing camebackyesterday 限制性定语从句和先行词关系密切 如果去掉从句 剩余部分意义不完整 非限制性定语从句只是先行词的附加说明 如果去掉从句 意义仍然完整 allthemagazinesherewhichhavebeautifulpicturesinthemwerewrittenbyhim 里面有漂亮图画的那些杂志是他写的 allthemagazineshere whichhavebeautifulpicturesinthem werewrittenbyhim 所有的杂志都是他写的 里面都有漂亮的图画 有时同一个限制性从句变为非限制性从句会改变全句的意思 杂志有带图画和不带图画两类 杂志只有一种 hisfather whoworksinbeijing camebackyesterday 当先行词是地名人名 世界上独一无二的事物或家庭唯一成员时 通常只用非限制性定语从句 shanghai whichisineastchina isdevelopingrapidly 在ofwhich whom之前可以使用表达数量或定位的数词或代词 1 iamdoingdifferenttypesofexercises allofwhicharequitehelpfultomyhealth 2 manypeople someofwhomarenotoverweight aregoingondiets 3 thereare54studentsinmyclass threeofwhomcomefromtheus thetownwhereiliveisbeautiful kenli whereilive isbeautiful teacherswhoarekindarepopularwiththestudents mrwang whoiskind ispopularwiththestudents pleasecompare teacherswhoarekindarepopularwiththestudents mrwang whoiskind ispopularwiththestudents 分析两种定语从句省略后的结果 thetownwhereiliveisbeautiful kenli whereilive isbeautiful 限制性定语从句省略后主语所指就不明确 所以不能省略 非限制性定语从句和单句的比较 1 hefailedintheexam madehisparentsangry 2 hefailedintheexam madehisparentsangry 3 hehastwosons bothof areteachers 4 hehastwosons bothof areteachers this which whom them that 一 非限制性定语从句通常不能用that引导 1 ilikethebook whichwasboughtyesterday 我喜欢这本书 这是昨天买的 2 ilikethebookwhich thatwasboughtyesterday 我喜欢昨天买的那本书 非限制性定语从句应注意以下几点 二 非限制性定语从句不能用why引导要用forwhich代替why 1 ihadtoldthemthereason forwhichididn tattendthemeeting 我已经把理由告诉了他们 为此我没有去开会 2 ihadtoldthemthereasonwhyididn tattendthemeeting 我告诉了他们我不去开会的理由 限制性定语从句 thereasonwhy 是常见搭配 三 非限制性定语从句置于句首时 不能用which引导 关系代词as引导非限制性定语从句位置比较灵活 可以放主句前 也可以放主句后 1 asiexpected hedidn tbelieveme 正如我所预料的 他不相信我 2 sheheardaterriblenoise whichbroughtherheartintohermouth 她听到一个可怕的声音 这让她把心都提到嗓子眼了 四 非限制性定语从句由 介词 关系代词 引导时 其中的关系代词不能用as 1 heboughtthecarformorethan 20 000 withwhichhisfatherwasangry 他花两万多美元买了这辆车 他父亲对此很生气 2 ifinishedmyworkaheadoftime afterwhichisatsometimereadingthenewspaper 我提前干完了我的活 随后我坐着看了会儿报纸 五 在非限制性定语从句中 指人的关系代词作宾语时 只能用宾格whom 不能用who替换 也不能省略 1 doyouknowtom whomwetalkedabout 你认识汤姆吗 我们谈到过他 2 thisbook whichyoucangetatanybookshop willgiveyoualltheinformationyouneed 这本书会给你提供所有你需要的资料 它在任何一家书店都能买到 非限制性定语从句中引导词在从句中作宾语 无论指人还是指物都不能省略 六 which可指前面整个句子 thesunsendsoutlightandheat whichmakesitpossibleforlivingthingstoexistontheearth 太阳发出光和热 这使得生物能够在地球上生存 hisfatherisanengineer makeshimveryproud a forwhatb whichc thatd what 1 yesterdaymr lifinallyboughthisownhouse isahospital a inwhereb totheeastofwhichc totheeastofitd intheeastofthat2 mybrother spurse heput 1 000 wasmissingonthebus a thereb whichc inwhichd that 课堂练兵 3 hisglasses hecouldseenothing wastakenawaybyanaughtyboy a whichb withoutwhichc withwhichd withoutthose4 thecomputer hepaid 3 000 wasonceownedbyhisuncle a whichb forwhichc thatd tothat 5 inthepastwelostmanychances wepaidlittleattention a whichb thatc inwhichd towhich6 thepen ihadbeenwritingfortenyears wasbroken a withwhichb withthatc asd withit 7 maryhastwobrothers aredoctors a bothoftheyb bothofwhomc bothofthemd whomofboth8 onthewayhomeimetmyfriendjohn from homethethiefhadstolenacomputer a whomb whichc thatd whose 9 paul everyonesuspected turnedouttobeinnocent a thatb whenc whichd whom10 whendeeplyabsorbedinwork heoftenwas hewouldforgetallabouteatingorsleeping a whatb asc thatd who 11 sheshowedherteacherareason shewaslateforschoolthedaybeforeyesterday a thatb whichc forwhichd why12 the10 00train isusuallyverypunctual waslatethismorning a asb whenc thatd which 1 iwalkedinourgarden tomandjimweretyingabigsignontooneofthetrees 2005辽宁卷 a whichb whenc whered that 实战高考 2 thebeatles manyofyouareoldenoughtoremember camefromliverpool 2006天津卷 a whatb thatc howd as3 shewaseducatedatbeijinguniversity shewentontohaveheradvancedstudyabroad 2006陕西卷 a afterwhichb fromwhichc fromthatd afterthat 4 lastweek onlytwopeoplecametolookatthehouse wantedtobuyit 2007安徽卷 a noneofthemb bothofthemc noneofwhomd neitherofwhom5 itisreportedthattwoschools arebeingbuiltinmyhometown willopennextyear 2007四川卷 a theybothb whichbothc bothofthemd bothofwhich 6 thegrowingspeedofaplantisinfluencedbyanumberoffactors arebeyondourcontrol 2008湖南卷 a mostofthemb mostofwhichc mostofwhatd mostofthat7 theywillflytowashington theyplantostayfortwoorthreedays 2008重庆卷 a whereb therec whichd when 8 manychildren parentsareawayworkinginbigcities aretakengoodcareofinthevillage 2009安徽卷 a theirb whosec ofthemd withwhom9 wheneverimether wasfairlyoften shegreetedmewithasweetsmile 2009山东卷 a whob