江苏省高考英语一轮复习 第13讲 虚拟语气课件.ppt

虚拟语气 陈述语气 theindicativemood 用来陈述一个事实 或提出一个想法 有肯定 否定 疑问或感叹等形式 虚拟语气 thesubjunctivemood 表示说话人的一种愿望 建议 命令 要求 有时是一种非真实的假设 料想 或是不可能实现的与事实相反的愿望 1 虚拟语气的考点1 if条件句中的虚拟语气的用法 2 if条件句中虚拟语气的及大考点 3 名词性从句中虚拟语气的用法 4 几种特殊结构中虚拟语气的用法 5 虚拟语气与陈述语气的判定 if引导的虚拟条件句 区别 ifitrainstomorrow thecropswillbesaved 陈述语气 ifitrainedtomorrow thecropswouldbesaved 虚拟语气 ifiamfree iwillvisityou ifiwereabird iwouldflyintothesky 虚拟条件句 真实条件句 if 主 did were 主 would should could might 动词原形 ifiwereyou iwouldtryitagain 1 如果我是你 我会再试一次 2 如果我有一百万美元 我会买下这架飞机 ifihadonemilliondollars iwouldbuytheplane 与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句 if 主 haddonesth 主 would should could might 动词完成式 havedone ifhehadworkedhard hewouldhavepassedtheexamination 1 如果他努力学的话 他就通过这次考试 ifihadmarriedher iwouldhavebeenunhappy 2 要是当时我和她结了婚的话 那我是很不幸的 与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句 与将来事实相反的虚拟条件句 通常有时间状语 ifhecameheretomorrow iwouldtellhimaboutit ifheweretocomeheretomorrow iwouldtellhim 1 如果他明天来的话 我会告诉他这件事 2 如果他明天来的话 我会告诉他 if 主 did wereto shoulddo 主 would should could might 动词原形 一 一般条件句中的虚拟语气 一 一般条件句中的虚拟语气 1 ifyou tomorrow you findthenewmanagerworkingintheoffice a shouldcome wouldb wouldcome wouldc willcome shouldd comes might 2 iftheparents atthehospitalearlieraftertheaccident thechildwouldhavebeensaved a arrivesb arrivec hadarrivedd hasarrived 3 ifhe he thatfood luckilyhewassenttothehospitalimmediately a waswarned wouldnothavetakenb hadbeenwarned wouldnothavetakenc wouldbewarned hadnottakend wouldhavebeenwarned hadnottaken 4 ididn tseeyoursisteratthemeeting ifshe shewouldhavemetmybrother a hascomeb didcomec camed hadcome 5 ifmylawyer herelastsunday he mefromgoing a hadbeen wouldhavepreventedb hadbeen wouldpreventc were wouldpreventd were wouldhaveprevented if虚拟句的注意点 注意点一条件状语的倒装 如果条件状语从句中有were had should时 可以去掉if从句倒装成 were should had 主 其他 wereiyou iwouldtryitagain hadhebeenthereyesterday hewouldhaveseenthefilm shoulditsnowtomorrow wewouldn tgoout ifiwereyou iwouldtryitagain ifhehadbeenthereyesterday hewouldhaveseenthefilm ifitshouldsnowtomorrow wewouldn tgoout 1 wereit notfortheirhelp wecouldn thavegotoverthedifficulties 2 hadi knownaboutit iwouldhavetoldyou 3 shouldanyone call pleasetakeamessage whatwouldhavehappened asfarastheriverbank bobhadwalkedfartherb ifbobshouldwalkfartherc hadbobwalkedfartherd ifbobwalkedfarther c 考题点击 ifitwere ifihad ifanyoneshould 1 theexam hewouldhaveattendacollege a ifhepassedb hadhepassedc werehepassedd ifheshouldpass 2 fiveminutesearlier youcouldhaveseenthemoff a ifyoushouldarriveb ifyouarrivec hadyouarrivedd shouldyouarrive 3 itraintomorrow weshouldhavetoputoffthevisittothesciencemuseum a wereb shouldc wouldd will ifyouhadfollowedmyadvice youwouldbeabletofinishtheworknow 如果你当时听了我的话 现在就能完成这份工作了 从句说明过去 主句说明现在 ifiwereyou iwouldhavegonetoherbirthdayparty 如果我是你 我就去参加她的生日晚会了 从句说明现在 主句说明过去 主从句时间不一致情况下的虚拟语气 混合条件句 有时条件从句中的动作和结果与主句中的动作 发生的时间不一致 这时动作的形式应根据它所表示的时间加以调整 attention ifyou himyesterday you whattodonow asked wouldknowb hadasked wouldhaveknownc askedhim knowd hadasked wouldknow d ifyouhadn tboughttheticketlastweek howwouldyougonow 考题点击 虚拟语气中 常出现从句与主句表示不同时期的事情 此时 从句与主句则分别用不同时态的虚拟语气 注意点二混合虚拟语气 错综条件句 常用含蓄虚拟语气的情况 规则1 ifonly意为 要是 就好了 与wish后面的虚拟语气类似 规则2 without butfor如果没有 就会规则3 otherwise or否则 不然的话 就会 注意点三含蓄虚拟语气 3 without butfor 构成虚拟 butfor要不是withoutsunlight people slifewouldbedifferentfromtoday butforyourhelp iwouldn thavefinishedthework withoutyourhelp iwouldhavefailed butforwater itwouldbeimpossibletoliveinthedesert 条件暗含在分词短语without butfor 中 hetelephonedtoinformmeofyourbirthday oriwouldhaveknownnothingaboutit imighthavegivenyoumorehelp butiwastoobusy 3 shewasn tfeelingverywell otherwiseshewouldn thaveleftthemeetingsoearly 考题点击 iwentbyplane otherwisei muchlongertime a couldtakeb wouldtakec willhavetakend wouldhavetaken d butforyourhelp wecouldn thavesucceeded nothingcouldlivewithoutthesun 考题点击 withoutyourhelp we suchrapidprogress a couldn tmakeb wouldn tmakec willnothavemaded wouldn thavemade d 名词性从句中的虚拟句 宾语从句中的虚拟语气 句式一 wish后面宾语从句中的虚拟语气 表示与事实相反的愿望 其表达形式一般是将从句的谓语动词退后一个时态 例如 1 与现在事实相反 wish that did were iwishiwereashealthyasyou iwishthatihadaplane 2 与过去事实相反 wish that haddoneiwishihadbeentotheconcertlastnight iwishyouhadwrittentohim 3 与将来事实相反 wish would could might doiwishhewouldforgiveme 句式二 在某些动词后的宾语从句中需用should 动词原形的虚拟语气形式 should 可以省略 常见的动词有 一个坚持insist 两个命令order command 三条建议suggest advise propose 四项要求demand request require 注意 suggest表暗示表明时insist表坚持认为时不用虚拟语气 heorderedthatthestudents should washtheclotheseveryweekbythemselves thedoctorsuggestedthatshe should haveanoperationatonce 以上这些动词的名词形式后面的表语从句和同位语从句中也要用虚拟语气 也应以 should v原 的形式出现 1 mysuggestionisthatyou should gohomefirstbeforecominghere 3 hisrequestthathiscost should bepaidbythehouriscompletelyreasonable 4 theordercamethatthework should befinishedtwodaysaheadoftime 2 myadviceisthatyou should practisespeakingenglishasoftenaspossible 考题点击 isitnecessarythathe theexamination a takeb hastotakec musttaked take2 itisstrangethathe youthis a wouldtellb shouldtellc hadtoldd hastold3 itwasorderedthatnosmoking inthelibrary a shouldallowb beallowedc willbeallowedd isallowed d b b 句式四 wouldrather prefer that 从句 从句用虚拟语气 1 表示愿望与 现在事实相反 从句用一般过去时 2 表示愿望与 过去事实相反 从句用过去完成时 wouldratherthat 现在 过去 未来 过去时 过去完成时 过去时 iwouldratheryoupaidmenow iwouldratheryouhadgone too don tcome iwouldratheryoucametomorrow 主语从句中的虚拟语气 基本句型 1 itbe 过去分词 that should 动词原形 过去分词 suggested requested ordered proposed itisrequiredthatnobody should smokehere it ssuggestedthateverybody should buyadictionary 2 itbe 形容词 that should 动词原形 形容词 important necessary natural right wrong better proper funny strange surprising itisnecessarythatwe should haveawalknow it simportantthatwe should takegoodcareofthepatient 3 itbe 名词 apity ashame nowonder that should 动词原形 表语从句 同位语从句中的虚拟语气 在suggestion proposal idea plan order advice decision等名词后面的表语从句 同位语从句中要用虚拟语气 即 should 动词原形 mysuggestionisthatwe should leaveatonce 1 表语从句 2 同位语从句 imakeaproposalthatwe should holdameetingnextweek 考题点击 hissuggestionthatyou oncemoresoundsreasonable a tryb triesc musttryd cantry2 hegaveanadvicethatthey eachother a helpedb musthelpc helpd hadhelped3 mysuggestionisthatafewmorepeople theretohelpme a besentb havesentc sentd shouldsent a c a 考题点击 hissuggestionthatyou oncemoresoundsreasonable a tryb triesc musttryd cantry2 hegaveanadvicethatthey eachother a helpedb musthelpc helpd hadhelped3 mysuggestionisthatafewmorepeople theretohelpme a besentb havesentc sentd shouldsent a c a 状语从句中的虚拟语气 1 用在由asif asthough引导的状语从句中 表示和现在事实相反或对现在的怀疑 用过去时 表示过去想象中的动作或情况 用过去完成时 表示将来用would 动词原形 asif asthough 从句 从句的虚拟语气与wish后的宾语从句虚拟语气类似 itseemsasifthemanwerehisbrother thisdeviceoperatedasthoughithadbeenrepaired 注意 asif asthough连接的从句表示可能的事实时 不需用虚拟语气 hespeaksenglishasif thoughheisfromtheusa 陈述语气 hespeaksenglishasif thoughhewerefromtheusa 虚拟语气 asif though clause 现在 过去 将来 did were 现在 haddone 过去 shelovesthebabyasifitwereherownson hespeaksasifhehadbeentotheunitedstates would 动词原形 将来 状语从句中的虚拟语气 2 用在lest forfearthat和incase引导的状语从句中 这时谓语动词用should 动词原形或动词原形 sheclosedthewindowslestshecatchcold 考题点击 1 wefeltasifwe eachotherforyears a knewb wereknowingc hadknownd haveknowing2 hetookawaytheoxygentankforfearthatit a mayexploreb explodedc exploded hadexplode c c 几种特殊句型中的虚拟 1 ifonly 1 要是就好了 iwishifonlyiknewhisnamenow ifonlywehadfollowedyouradvicelasttime ifonlyicouldseehimagainnextyear 要是我们的父母能和我们住在一起就好了 ifonlyourparentscouldlivewithus ifonlyihadn tmissedthetrain 要是我没错过火车就好了 比较ifonly与onlyifonlyif表示 只有 iwakeuponlyifthealarmclockrings ifonly则表示 如果 就好了 其从句中的谓语动词用过去时或过去完成时 ifonlyiknewmore ifonlythealarmclockhadrung 2 it s high low time从句 itis high timethat后面的从句谓语动词要用过去式或用should加动词原形 但should不可省略 itistimethatthechildrenwenttobed itishightimethatthechildrenshouldgotobed 类似的结构为wouldrather从句 iwouldratheryouattendedthemeetingthisafternoon 考题点击 itistimethatyou thewholebook a mustgooverb cangooverc wentoverd havegoneover c 3 情境中提供虚拟语气supposetherewerenogravity objectswouldnotfalltothegroundwhendropped 1 ididn tseeyoursisteratthemeeting ifshe shewouldhavemetmybrother a hascomeb didcomec camed hadcome2 whenapencilispartlyinaglassofwater itlooksasifit a breaksb hasbrokenc werebrokend hadbeenbroken3 youdidn tletmedrive ifweinturn yousotired a drove didn tgetb drove wouldn tgetc weredriving wouldn tgetd haddriven wouldn thavegot4 withouttheairtoholdsomeofthesun sheat theearthatnight toocoldforustolive a wouldbefreezingcoldb willbef