江苏省高考英语一轮复习 第12讲 情态动词课件.ppt

grammar modalverbs howmanymodalverbsdoyouknow 一 weusemodalverbstotalkabout 1 ability 能力 2 obligation 义务 3 certainty 可能性 4 permission 允许 5 makerequests 提出请求 6 makesuggestions 提出建议 7 makeoffers 提供帮助 8 giveadvice 提出意见 1 ability 能力 liuxiangcanrunthe110mhurdleracewithin13seconds can could 1 can一般表示与生俱来的能力或者一种客观可能性 还可以表示请求和允许 learningenglish bedifficult can mancannotlivewithoutair iuseyourbike can can could 2 在疑问句中 用could可表示请求 语气较委婉 ihavethetelevisionon yes you no you could heasksifhe smokehere could can may can t i mafraidnot can could 3 表示惊异 怀疑 不相信的态度 主要用在否定句 疑问句或惊叹句中 he ssuchanicepersonthathe committhecrime can t 你怎么会如此地粗心 howcanyoubesocareless canthisbetrue can could 4 cannever can t too表示 无论怎样 也不过分 越 越好 你过马路的时候再小心也不为过 youcan tbetoocarefulwhilecrossingtheroad attention can beableto区别 edisonalwayswonderedwhyhenscouldhatch 孵 chickenswhilehewasnotableto question arethetwomodalverbsinterchangeable 互换 ifnot why can表示与生俱来的能力或一种客观可能 而beableto更加强调通过后天的学习和努力获得的能力 或者在某个客观的场合和背景下 能做到的事情 attention can beableto区别 abigfirebrokeoutinabchotelyesterday luckily everyone runoutofthebuilding wasableto 2 she speakbothenglishandfrench can 2 obligation 义务 yethemustworkhardtowinthegoldmedal althoughliuxiangissogiftedinhurdlerace attention advisability necessity oughtto should haveto must yourmotherbringsyouupandtakesgoodcareofyou sowhensheisold you lookafterherinreturn a canb mayc havetod must shidongpengmightwinamedalattheolympicgames 3 certainty 可能性 attention veryuncertain almostcertain might should must may could oughtto will 1 he beathome 2 he beathome forhejustcalledmefromhishome15secondsago a mayb mightc must a mayb mightc must can must表示肯定的猜测 译为 一定 不能用于否定句或疑问句 thismustbeyourpen hemustbedoinghishomeworknow hemusthavearrivedalready must 2 表示 坚持 常用于固定句型 ifyoumustdosth 如果你非得要做某事 如果你真的要走 那就悄悄离开 ifyoumustleave doitquietly attention they bedoingtheexperimentinthelab why becausethelightsarestillburning a couldb canc mustd would must与haveto的用法前者侧重于主观意念 后者则用于表示客观条件或义务 译为 只好 不得不 must用于疑问句 表示责备 抱怨的感情色彩 意思为 偏要 硬要 干嘛 hemustworktomakehisliving hehastobegforaliving must没有过去式 在单句中若是过去时 须用hadtoe g hebeggedfromdoortodoor forhehadtodosotolive若在从句中 则可用must来表示过去e g hesaidhemustmanagetoownanewhouseforeaster 4 permission 允许 mayieatkfcifiwinthegoldmedal may might 1 表示许可 表示请求 允许时 might比may的语气更委婉一些 might mayiuseyourcomputer yes youcan no youcan t mustn t may might 2 用于祈使句中表示祝愿 3 表示推测 可能 只用于肯定句 疑问句则要用can或could 祝你成功 mayyousucceed hemaybeverybusynow mayyoubehappyallyourlife can could may mightmight could表达更客气 委婉 礼貌的请求语气 excuseme couldyoutellmethewaytothebusstation couldyouhelpme youcangonowifyoulike mayismokeintheroom 5 makingrequests 提出要求 canyouhelpmewithmytraining willcancouldwould informal formal 6 makingsuggestions 提出建议 shallwedothetraininginthemorning it stoohottotakeexerciseintheafternoon shall 1 shall用于第一 第三人称疑问句中 表示说话人征求对方的意见 向对方请示或提供帮助 1 shallwebeginourlesson 2 whenshallhebeallowedtoleavehospital 3 shallicarrythisbagforyou shall 2 shall用于第二 第三人称 表示说话人给对方命令 警告 允诺或威胁 youshallfailifyoudon tworkharder heshallbepunishedaccordingtotherule 等我读完这本书 就会给他的 heshallhavethebookwhenifinishit 警告 威胁 允诺 iii表示规章 知识 预言等 eachcompetitorshallwearanumber therulesshallbeobeyed 7 makingoffers 提供帮助 don tworry dear iwillwashthemrightaway mom mydirtyclotheshavebeenpiledup idon thavetime will would 1 表示请求 建议等 would比will委婉客气 sentencepattern wouldyouplease wouldyoumind wouldrather wouldyoulike will would 2 表示意志 愿望和决心 iwillneverdothatagain will would 3 可表示经常性 习惯性 倾向性 翻译为 经常 惯于 总是 1 theoldman haveasmokeunderabigtreeeveryafternoonafterhefinishedhisfarmwork would 2 门就是打不开 thedoorwon topen will would attention iwillgototheparkwithyoutomorrowifyouwilloffermelunch question isthissentencecorrect why 情态动词 表示 意愿 would更多的用来表示语气而不是时态will wouldyoupleasedo wouldyouliketodo wouldyouminddoing 都表示建议 询问 请求等 e g would willyoumindopeningthewindows iwould willdoanythingforyou sir 有时甚至只能用would而不用wille g iwouldlike wouldyoulike theywouldlove hewouldrather 8 givingadvice 提出意见 youshouldnot oughtnottoeatsomuch howdelicious should 1 should表示劝告 建议 命令 其同义词是oughtto 在疑问句中 通常用should代替ought to shouldiopenthewindow 我们应当要相互学习 weshouldlearnfromeachother should 2 情态动词should用于第一人称时可以表示说话人的一种谦逊 客气 委婉的语气 rose sure bytheway whoisyouridol jack liuxiang ishouldsay ishouldadviseyounottodothatagain 3 should表示意外或惊讶常译为 居然 竟然 ican tbelievesuchagentlemanshouldbesorudetotheold 我不敢相信这样一个绅士居然对老人如此无礼 should 4 should表示猜测时 一般指按经验或逻辑判断 翻译成 照说应该 估计 想必 should whencanicomeforthephotos ineedthemtomorrowafternoon they bereadyby12 00 a canb shouldc mightd need 表示必须 oughtto shouldhavetomust haveto能用于各种时态 且有人称和数的变化 oughtto的否定式为oughtnotto 1 should和oughtto大多数情况下 含义基本相同 should主要看主观看法 oughtto更多反映客观情况 在谈到法律 规定 义务时使用 如 youshouldtryyourbesttopasstheentranceexaminations weoughttogoandseehellen butithinkwehavenotime should还可以表示惊讶 出乎意料的意思whyshouldhedosuchathing tobecontinued 三 情态动词 havedone 的用法 1 musthavedone对过去某事的十分肯定猜测 2 may mighthavedone对过去某事的可能性猜测 3 can t couldn thavedone对过去某事的否定猜测 4 should oughttohavedone过去应该做而未做 5 shouldn t oughtn ttohavedone过去不应该做而实际上做了 6 needn thavedone本没有必要做的事实际却做了 7 couldhavedone本来能够做的 有能力做 事实际却未做到 四 表示虚拟 shouldhavedone本应该做 而没做 shouldnothavedone本不应该做heshouldn thavesaidsuchathing 他当时不应该说那种话 weshouldhavestudiedlastnight butwewenttotheconcertinstead 这种句式也能用oughtto neednothavedone没有必要做某事ineednothavegotupsoearly 我本来不必要那么早起床的 事实上早已起床 ineednothavewaitedforthetrainforanhour 我本来不必要等一个小时的火车 事实上已经等了一个小时 3 couldhavedone它表示 过去本来能够 实际上没能做 ifyoucouldhavefinishedthetaskintime youcouldhavebeenpromoted 如果你当时能如期完成那任务的话 你可能已提升了 实际上没有被提升 icouldhavelaughedtohearhimtalklikethat 听他那样讲话 我差点笑出声来 4 mighthavedone虚拟式表示与过去事实相反的假没结果 ifshehadstartedalittleearlier shemighthavebeenintimeforthetrain 如果她早点出发 她有可能及时赶上火车 实际上没有早出发 便没有赶上火车 itmighthavebeenbettertostopthen 如果那时就停止的话 也许比较好 5 wouldhavedone它表示的是与过去事实相反之假设的结果 意思是 当时就会 了 而实际上没有 iwouldhavehelpedyouifihadknownofyourdifficulties ifithadn trainedyesterday wewouldhavegoneclimbing 假如昨天没下雨 我们就去了 实际上没有去 let shaveatry practice withsomuchworkonhand you toseethegamelastnight a mustn tgob couldhavegonec shouldn tgod shouldn thavegone 2 therewasplentyoftime she a mustn thavehurriedb couldn thavehurriedc mustnothurryd needn thavehurried practice 3 isawmaryinthelibraryyesterday you her sheisstillabroad a mustn tseeb can thaveseenc mustn thaveseend couldn tsee 4 auntmary thetrain otherwiseshewouldhavearrivedherebynow a musthavemissedb shouldhavemissedc hadmissedd mightmiss 四 可兼做行为动词的情态动词 need dare 情态动词 动词原形 行为动词 need dare 1 无人称和数的变化 2 尤其用于 否定句及疑问句中 在if whether之后 或与hardly never noone nobody连用 3 常以needn t和daren t的形式出现 4 dare有其过去时dared 多用于肯定句 sb needtododaretodo sth needtobedone sth needdoing 五 其他情态动词用法 情态动词dare need通常用于否定句或疑问句whodaredoit dareyougooutalone dare need还可用作行为动词 可以用于各种句式 后面可跟加to的不定式a whodaredoit b hedarestodoit a heneedn tdoitb heneedstodoit上述句子中a句为含情态动词的句子 b句中dare need均为行为动词 hedaren tspeakenglishbeforesuchacrowd darehe 判断正误 hedaren ttospeakenglishbeforesuchacrowd didhe thesedishesneedbecleanedcarefully thesedishesneedtobecleanedcarefully thesedishesneedcleaningcarefully 五 表示否定的情态动词的用法 部分情态动词的否定式是情态动词中的考点之一 mustn t不准 禁止needn t没必要 don thaveto can t不能 不可能maynot不可以 可能不shouldn t不应该 oughtnotto howcanwedealwithexercisesconcerningmodalverbs functions usageofmodalverbs languagecontext 上下文 语境 thinking functions usageofmodalverbs languagecontext 上下文 语境 情态动词的难点 反义疑问句 thinking 表示猜测的情态动词的区别 cancouldmaymightshallshouldmustwillwouldoughtto havetodare daren t need needn t usedto 表示推测 不表示推测 modalverbs hemusthaveacarnow must表示推测时 可以推测现在 正在发生的动作 过去发生的动作 他一定有一辆车 他一定在教室里做练习 他一定已完成了工作 hemusthavefinishedthework hemustbedoinghisexercisesintheclassroom 一定不 不可能can tcouldn thecan tbeathome hecouldn thavesaidsuchathing 他们一定不在图书馆读书 约翰是很聪明的 他一定不会叫他儿子那样做 theycan tbereadinginthelibrary johnisveryclever hecannothavetoldhissontodothat 可能肯定句may might could否定句may mightnot 可能不 疑问句can could他可能正在睡觉 thesestudentsmay mighthaveseenthefilmbefore theboymay mightnotbewatchingtvathome 现在否定句 hemay mightbesleepingnow choosethebestanswerstocompletethefollowingsentences 1 thatmanmustbesarah shusband no he beherhusband sheisstillsingle a can tb mustn tc maynotd oughtto2 peter comewithustonight butheisn tverysure a mustb mayc cand will 3 what itbe it beamailbox foritismoving it beacar a can can t mustb can can mustc can mustn t mustd must mustn t canb4 look someoneiscoming guess jack he salwaysontime a whocanitbeb whohemayc whohecanbed whoitcanbe 5 isawmaryinthelibraryyesterday you her sheisstillabroad a mustn tseeb can thaveseenc mustn thaveseend couldn tsee6 david you playwiththevaluablebottle you breakit a won t can tb mustn t mayc shouldn t mustd can t shouldn t 反义疑问句 在反意疑问句中 当附属部分含有表示推测意义的must can t时 疑问部分的助动词应与must can t后面的动词在非推测情况下的用法保持一致 1 hemustbeaworker 2 itmusthaverainedlastnight 3 youmusthavelearnedenglishformanyyears 4 hecan tbeateacher 5 shecan thavefinishedherhomework didn tit