高考英语一轮复习 第二部分 语法专项专练 专题一 派生词课件 北师大版.ppt

第二部分语法专项专练 专题一派生词在新课标全国卷的语法填空题中 有涉及单词的形式变化的题目 此外 新考纲要求考生掌握3000多个英语单词 因此 掌握常用派生词的构词方法不仅能帮助同学们做好语法填空题 还能帮助同学们扩大词汇量 为同学们在高考中稳操胜券奠定基础 一 名词后缀1 动词 ion tion sion 名词 表示动作或动作过程 correctv 改正 纠正correctionn 改正celebratev 庆祝celebrationn 庆祝 庆祝会concludev 完成 结束conclusionn 结论 结束 2 动词 er or 名词 表示从事某种职业或进行某种活动的人 drivev 驾驶开车 驱赶drivern 司机 驾驶员gatherv 聚集 采集gatherern 收集者 采集者conductv 指挥 管理conductorn 指挥 售票员 3 动词 ment 名词punishv 惩罚punishmentn 惩罚4 动词 形容词 th 名词warmadj 温暖的warmthn 温暖growv 生长growthn 生长 5 形容词 y 名词difficultadj 困难的difficultyn 困难honestadj 诚实的honestyn 诚实6 形容词 ness 名词kindadj 善良的kindnessn 善良 7 动词 ance 名词annoyvt 使烦恼annoyancen 生气 烦恼8 ship结尾的名词 表示身份 关系 资格 membern 成员 会员membershipn 会员资格professorn 教授professorshipn 教授身份 9 ing结尾的名词gardenn 花园gardeningn 园艺greetv 打招呼 问候greetingsn 问候 学以致用 语篇填空 用所给单词的适当形式完成下列短文 afromthe1 express onmary sface heknewheleftabad2 impress onherandifshewonthe3 elect tobecomechairmanoftheenvironment4 organize hecouldnotgether5 permit tojoinitalthoughhewaswillingtodohisbittoridtheworldof6 pollute andtohelppeopleenjoyabetterearth whenhewaswonderinghowtochangethisembarrassingsituation hegot 7 inspire fromhiswife swords yes heshouldtryhisbesttowintheelectionandbecomechairmanhimselfwithhis8 determine toworkfortheorganization mydear youarereallyawonderful9 help i msureiwillbethe10 win oftheelection hesaidtohiswifeexcitedly 答案1 expression2 impression3 election4 organization5 permission6 pollution7 inspiration8 determination9 helper10 winner bitwasreallyahardtimewhenlipingfirstcametotheunitedstates his1 earn couldhardlycovertheexpenses sowhenhiswifegave2 bear totheirseconddaughter theycouldnotaffordenoughnutritionfood soon poornutritioncausedthe3 die ofthepoorbaby 4 lonely wasanotherproblembecausetheyhadno5 relate orfriendsthere thankstohis6 brave and7 persevere hemanagedtogainthe8 citizen oftheunitedstatesandintheendhehadhispermanent9 settle healwaystellshischildrenlikethis perseveranceleadsto10 happy andsuccess 答案1 earnings2 birth3 death4 loneliness5 relations6 bravery7 perseverance8 citizenship9 settlement10 happiness 二 形容词后缀1 常见形容词后缀 1 名词 al 形容词 表示 有 属性 与 有关 agriculturen 农业agriculturaladj 农业的 2 动词 ive 形容词decidev 决定 下决心decisiveadj 决定性的 关键的 3 动词 able 形容词 表示 能够 适于 值得 changev 变化 兑换changeableadj 易变的 变化无常的 4 名词 ful 形容词caren 小心 关心carefuladj 小心的 仔细的 5 名词 less 形容词 意思与原名词相反 caren 小心 关心carelessadj 粗心的 6 名词 ly 形容词friendn 朋友friendlyadj 友好的 7 名词 y 形容词dirtn 污物 脏物dirtyadj 脏的 8 名词 ous 形容词dangern 危险dangerousadj 危险的 2 复合形容词的构成 1 形容词 ing分词easy going随和的 2 形容词 名词 edkind hearted善良的 好心的 3 名词 ed分词water covered被水覆盖的 4 副词 ed分词well written写得好的 5 数词 名词 edthree legged三条腿的 学以致用 阅读下列句子 写出画线单词的意思1 wherethebirdsweremostabundant peoplebelievedtherewasanever lastingsupplyandkilledthembythethousands 2014 新课标 阅读b 2 strangelyenough afterthetrial theashleysaskedmumbettocomebackandworkforthemasapaidemployee 2014 山东高考阅读c 3 similarly itcanbehelpfultoencouragechildrentogreetthebeneficialinfluenceofpositivepeergroups 2014 江苏高考任务型阅读 4 theniheardafriendlyvoicesaying youcansharemytable 2014 安徽高考完形 5 theyalsokeeptheirhandsvisibleatthetableandtheirelbowsoffthetable 2014 浙江高考阅读b 答案1 充足的 富足的2 奇怪的3 有益的4 友好的5 可见的 语篇填空a 用所给单词的适当形式完成下列短文lucylikestalkingandeverybodysayssheis1 communicate sheis2 act inansweringtheteachers questionsandfromtimetotimeherclassmatesfindheranswersquite3 impress and4 accept ofcourse noteverystudentlikesher butshehasmanyfriendswhothinklucyisa5 create and6 help girl forexample sheonceleda7 home childtoherhomeandmadethechildheryoungersister besides shespent 8 count hourscaringforasickneighboruntilshewaswellagain sheis9 friend tothosewhohavedifficultywiththeirsubjects allinall lucyisthemost10 fame girlinherschool 答案municative2 active3 impressive4 acceptable5 creative6 helpful7 homeless8 countless9 friendly10 famous b 运用所学构词知识完成下列短文ourjourneywasfar reachingamongst 雪封的 mountainswhereno 说英语的 peoplelive thelocalpeopleare 相貌好看的 随和的 and 勤劳的 ourhostesswas 年老的 白发苍苍的 and 被太阳晒伤的 shegaveme 自家做的 yaksmilkcake looking 自足的 asienjoyedthisraretreatalthoughvery 著名 and 广泛流传 aroundhere iwasexhaustedwhenifellintothe 准备好了的 bedshepreparedforme 答案snow covered capped english speaking good looking easy going hard working old aged white haired sun burnt home made self satisfied well known wide spread ready made 三 动词词缀1 前缀 en 形容词 动词enrichv 丰富enlargev 变大 增大 扩大2 形容词 en 动词shortenv 缩短widenv 加宽3 fy结尾的动词simplifyv 简化classifyv 归类4 ize结尾的动词realizev 认识到popularizev 普及 学以致用 阅读下列句子 写出画线部分的意思1 extracurricularactivitiesenablethestudentstoknowhowtoapplytheknowledgelearnedinthetextbooks 2 thetwocountriesaretryingtheirbesttonormalize their relationship 3 somethinkthatstudyingabroadcanbroaden their horizons 4 youwillhorrifythebabyifyouspeaktooloudly 答案1 使能够2 使关系正常化3 拓宽视野4 使惊惧 用所给单词的适当形式填空1 tryyourbestto memory thesenewwords 2 thequestionmustbe simple sothatwecanfindoutasolutiontoit 3 itcostsalotofmoneyifweplanto pure thewastewater 4 he quick hisstepstoarrivehomeearlier 5 youcan large yourvocabularyifyoukeeponmemorizingsomenewwordseveryday 答案1 memorize2 simplified3 purify4 quickened5 enlarge 四 否定词缀1 表示否定意义的前缀un 不 非unable不能够unlucky不幸的dis 不 非dishonest不诚实的discontinuous不连贯的in 不 非inactive不活跃的incorrect不正确的im 不 非impatient不耐烦的impossible不可能的ir 不 非irregular不规则的irresponsible不负责任的il 不 非illogical不合逻辑的illegal非法的non 不 非nonexistent不存在的nonstop直达的 连续不断的 mis 错误mislead误导misunderstand误解dis 动词 意义相反 dislike不喜欢disagree不同意un 动词 意义相反 uncover揭开undress脱衣服2 表示否定意义的后缀名词 less 否定意义的形容词usen 用处 用途uselessadj 无用的hopen 希望hopelessadj 没有希望的 绝望的homen 家homelessadj 无家可归的 学以致用 阅读下列短文 写出画线单词的意思a1 misconceptionwasthatthehightemperaturecausedthebigfire however misswangknewitwasnotthetruestory sosheinsistedthatthegovernmentshouldmakethetruthknowntothepublic whenmisswangknewthatherappealwas2 disallowed shefeltrather3 disappointed shedecidedto4 disclosethetruth itwashumanerrorsthatweretoblamefortheterribledisaster shewantedtotellthepublicaboutthecoldnessofsomeofficials shebelievedthatthetruthmustbe5 uncoverednow 1 2 3 4 5 答案1 错误观念2 驳回 不准许3 失望的 沮丧的4 揭露5 揭露 揭发 语篇填空 用所给单词的适当形式完成下列短文 thespeechseemedtobe1 stop andthelistenersbecamevery2 patient whenthespeakersaidthatoilwas3 renew andthatthebestwaytosolvetheproblemwasnottomakecarsandbusestoforcepeopletogotoworkorschoolonfoot theaudiencethoughtitwas4 practice and5 bear tolistentohimanylonger they6 believe thattheworldwouldgosmoothlywithoutthesemoderntransportations theyalsothoughtthatthespeakerwas 7 responsible tomakesuchastatementwithoutthinkingitcarefullyandhisspeechwouldcausesome8 understand somostofthelistenerschosetoleave shoutingloudlyandangrily 答案1 nonstop2 impatient3 non renewable4 impractical5 unbearable6 disbelieved7 irresponsible8 misunderstandings 五 正确使用派生词1 动词 介词 冠词 物主代词等词类后一般接名词或动名词 如果所给单词是其他词类 就要将其改为名词 并注意名词数的变化 1 doyouknowthedepth deep oftheriver 2 hiscarelessness careful resultedintheterribleaccident 3 heisoneofthescientists science whosupportthistheory 2 动词 介词后一般接名词或动名词 所给单词为动词 就要看该动词是否有名词形式 如果有名词形式 就用其名词形式 如果该动词没有名词形式 就用其动名词形式 此外 如果所给动词有名词形式 就要看其后有无宾语 如果后有宾语 用动名词形式 后无宾语 则用名词形式 1 pleasepayattention attend toyourhandwriting 动词attend本身有名词形式attention 所以不用动名词attending 2 hisarrival arrive madethesituationworse 动词arrive本身有名词形式arrival 所以不用动名词arriving 3 theteacherwasangryatmycoming come late 动词come没有名词 所以用动名词coming 4 thankyouforyourhelp help thankyouforhelping help me 5 iwashappybecauseofhisappreciation appreciate iwashappybecauseofhisappreciating appreciate myspeech 上面两组句子中 helping与appreciating后都带有宾语 故用动名词 help与appreciation后没有宾语 故用名词形式 3 动词前后 形容词前后可有副词 如果所需词为副词时 还要考虑副词级的变化 1 theboyranquickly quick toschool 2 what sthat fathershoutedangrily angry 3 thelittlegirlisextremely extreme eagertoknowtheresultoftheexam 4 yourcompositionisbadly bad organized pleasedoyourwritingexercisemoreattentively attend nexttime 5 you redrivingtoofast canyoudriveabitmoreslowly slow 4 名词前面一般可有形容词修饰语 如果所需词为形容词时 还要考虑形容词级的变化 1 what sthewidest width riverintheworld 2 thestronger strength webecome themoremodestweshouldbe 学以致用 用所给单词的适当形式填空1 marywasvery atthenews soshelooked atherhusband hereyesfullof sad 2 he footballverywellandhewasoneofthebest inyesterday sfootballmatch play 3 look how kateislaughing sheseemstobethe girlintheworld happy 4 toour theheadmasterwasvery withourreport satisfy 5 edisonwasagreat duringhislifehehadmany invent 6 ishould mytaskandmakeit tofinishit simple 7 theboyhavingthe ofbeinghalfstarved nevertobeseenagain appear 8 thepolice thepotand aplotagainstthepresident cover 9 youareso tohelpme thankyouforyour kindly 10 everythingisbecoming thanbeforeandmanycollegestudentshadtoworktomakesomemoneyfortheircollege expend 答案1 sad sadly sadness2 played players3 happily happiest4 satisfaction satisfied5 inventor inventions6 simplify simpler simple7 appearance disappeared8 discovered uncovered9 kind kindness10 m