高考英语 阅读理解中的猜词技巧课件.ppt

猜词技巧 31 theunderlinedwordswimminglyinparagraph1isclosestinmeaningto earlyb sweetlyc quicklyd smoothly 2011广东高考试题原文 candogsandcatsliveinperfectharmonyinthesamehome peoplewhoarethinkingaboutadoptingadogasafriendfortheircatareworriedthattheywillfight arecentresearchhasfoundanewrecipeforsuccess accordingtothestudy ifthecatisadoptedbeforethedog andiftheyareintroducedwhenstillyoung lessthan6monthsforcats ayearfordogs itishighlyprobablethatthetwopetswillgetalongswimmingly two thirdsofthehomesinterviewedreportedapositiverelationshipbetweentheircatanddog b 猜测词义是检验大家阅读能力的一种方式 多年来 全国的英语高考试题都会涉及到 大家想一想 我们在阅读中文材料 特别是在阅读古典小说时 是不是常常碰到不认识的字 但我们可以通过我们的生活经验 通过上下文顺利地阅读下去 其实 英语也一样 我们大可不必每见一个生词就去查词典 我们可以通过掌握一些猜词技巧来提高阅读速度和效率 从而达到理解句子或文章的目的 下面 介绍一些猜词技巧 希望对同学们有帮助 一 根据生活常识猜测词义例如1 itwasreallycoldthatday myhandswerenearlynumb whatdoestheunderlinedwordprobablymean a toocoldtofeelanythingb twicebiggerthanusualc ashardasastoned aswarmasafire根据生活经验 天气寒冷时 手肯定是 冻得麻木的 2 thesnakeslitheredthroughthegrass theunderlinedwordisclosestinmeaningto a runb walkc slided fly假如没学过slither这个单词 根据有关蛇的生活习性的知识 我们也可以推断出slither词义为 滑行 而决不是 跑 走 是吗 a c 二 根据上下文来猜测词义我们所以可借助上下文语境对生词词或短语进行推测 我们来看看下段材料manyplantsandanimalsaregoingextinct mammoths whicharerelated 有关联的 withasiaelephants arenowextinct therearenomammothsintheworldtoday 题1 amammothisakindof a plantb birdc animald tree从下文whicharerelatedwithasiaelephants可知mammoth是一种动物 因此 答案为c题2 thewordextinctinthepassagemeans aendangeredb dangerousc notexistingd living根据下文therearenomammothsintheworldtoday我们就容易推断出extinct的意思为灭绝了 c c 三 通过构词法猜词我们可以利用掌握的一些常用的词根 前缀 后缀等语法知识猜测词义 如前缀un 表反义词 如happy unhappy fair unfair important unimportant等 后缀 ment表名词 如develop development state statement argue argument等 后缀 er or ist以及 ian等表同源名词 如calculate calculator visit visitor law lawyer science scientist art artist politics politician music musician等 例 agoodsupervisorcanrecognizeimmediatelytheadeptworkersfromtheunskilledones theunderlinedwordprobablymeans a goodb skilledc badd foolish b 四 通过定义或释义关系来推测词义这种同义或释义关系常由is or thatis inotherwords becalled或破折号等来表示 例如 butsometimes norainfallsforalong longtime thenthereisadryperiod ordrought 猜猜看 drought是什么意思 ordrought即对thereisadryperiod的解释 从drought所在句子的上文我们得知很久不下雨 于是便有一段干旱的时期 由此可见drought意思为 久旱 旱灾 drought为adryperiod的同义语 五 根据转折或对比关系猜测词义在一个句子或段落中 有对两个事物或现象进行对比性的描述 我们可以根据生词或难词的反义词猜测其词义 表示对比关系的词汇和短语主要和短语主要是unlike not but however incontrast和while例如 1 andrewisoneofthemostsuperciliousmeniknow hisbrother incontrast isquitemodesttheunderlinedwordmeans a proudb cleverc quickd hard working与modest相对的当然是 傲慢 了2 sheisusuallypromptforallherclasses buttodayshearrivesquitelate 猜猜看 prompt是什么意思 a ontimeb latec nervousd excited a a 综上所述 利用各种已知信息推测 判断词义是一项重要的阅读技巧 在实践中 我们可以灵活运用 综合运用上面提到的几种猜测技巧 排除生词的障碍 顺利理解文章的思想内容 提高阅读速度 高考试题侧重于考查通过上下文猜测词义的能力 实战演练 2010重庆onemorningmorethanthirtyyearsago ienteredthetrackkitchen arestaurantwhereeveryonefromthehumblest 卑微的 tothemostpowerfulcameforbreakfast inoticedanemptychairnexttoanelderly unshavenman wholookedsomewhatdisheveled hewaswearingaworn outhatandwasalone iaskedifimightjoinhim heagreedquietlyandisatdowntohavemybreakfast 56 whatdoestheunderlinedword disheveled mean a unfriendly b untidy c gentle d kind b 2008广东 iwouldneverhavesaidtomymom hey thenewweezeralbumisreallygreat howdoyoulikeit saysballmer therewasjustacompletegapintaste musicwasnottheonlygulf fromclothingandhairstylestoactivitiesandexpectations earliergenerationsofparentsandchildrenoftenappearedtomoveinseparateorbits 41 theunderlinedwordgulfinpara 3mostprobablymeans a interestb distancec differenced separation c redisthemostcommonlygivencolorofroses redexpressesloveandpassion trueredistheroseforlovers fieryredrosessignifypassion whilecardinalredsymbolizesdesire fullybloomedredrosesbestconveythemessage istillloveyou whileredrosebudsareawaytoexpressloveforthefirsttime theunderlinedwords rosebuds inthelastparagraphprobablyreferto a roseswhicharenotbloomedyetb roseswhichhavebeenbloomedalreadyc roseswhichcoveysloveforthefirsttimed roseswhichareveryred a 全国2008高考试题 难度 5星 原题62 theunderlinedword fixture inparagraph3probablyreferstosomething a thatpeopleenjoyeatingb thatisalwayspresentc thatisdifficulttogetd thatpeopleuseasagift原文 innutrition 营养 itwasallgoodnewstoo thisnicetastingpineapplecontainedfourtimesmorevitaminc 维生素c thantheoldgreenvariety nutritionistssaidthatitwasnotonlyfullofvitamins butalsogoodagainstsomediseases peoplewereunderstandablyeagertobeabletobuythiswonderfulfruit thenewtypeofpineapplewassellingfast andthedelmontegoldpineapplerapidlybecameafixtureintheshoppingbasketofthehealthyeater b 2014广东34 whichofthefollowingstatementsisclosestinthemeaningtotheunderlinedsentenceabove a kindnessandviolencecanchangetheworld b kindnessandviolencecanaffectone sbehavior c kindnessandviolencecanreproducethemselves d kindnessandviolencecanshapeone scharacter 相关段落 here stheidea annesays anythingyouthinkthereshouldbemoreof doitrandomly herfantasiesincludepaintingtheclassroomsofshabbyschools leavinghotmealsonkitchentablesinthepoorpartoftown andgivingmoneysecretlytoaproudoldlady annesays kindnesscanbuildonitselfasmuchasviolencecan theactsofrandomkindnessspread ifyouwereoneofthosedriverswhofoundyourfarepaid whoknowswhatyoumighthavebeeninspiredtodoforsomeoneelselater likeallgreatevents kindnessbeginsslowly witheverysingleact letitbeyours c 2014北京69 theunderlinedword destination inparagraph5means a aplatformthatexhibtsgoodsb aspotwheretravelersliketostayc aplacewherecustomerslovetogod atargetthatastoreexpectstomeet相关段落 someyearsago thefocusforbrandnameshoppingwasonafewpeoplewithsalesassistants disprovingattitudeanddon t touch what you can t afforddisplays nowtheriseofelectroniccommerce e commerce hasopenedupfamousbrandstoawideraudience butwhilee shopscanusesightsandsounds onlybricks and mortarstores 实体店