高考英语总复习 语法专题第七讲 非谓语动词课件.ppt

第七讲非谓语动词 语法专题复习 考点透析1 不定式 分词 动名词的否定式都是在其前面加not never 例如 1 mrs smithwarnedherdaughternevertodriveafterdrinking 2 notknowingwhattodo iwenttotheteacherforadvice 3 iapologizetoyoufornottellingyouthetruthimmediately 2 不定式的进行时表示动作与谓语动作同时发生 不定式 分词 动名词的完成式表动作在谓语之前发生 例如 1 whenmothercameintotheroom tompretendedtobeworkinghardathislessons 2 robertissaidtohavestudiedabroad butidon tknowwhatcountryhestudiedin 3 havingfinishedallmyhomework iwentouttoplayfootballwithliming 4 theboywasseverelypunishedbyhisfatherforhavingtoldlies 3 不定式作定语时 如果不定式是不及物动词 或者不定式所修饰的名词是不定式动作的工具 地点 不定式后就应有必要的介词 例如 therearefivepairstochoosefrom buti matalosswhichtobuy 4 不定式主动表被动的几种情况 在therebe结构中 作定语的不定式既可用主动语态也可用被动语态 例如 thereisalotofworktodo tobedone 不定式作定语时 如果不定式所修饰的名词是不定式的宾语 但是又可在句子中找到另一个词作不定式的逻辑主语 不定式要用主动语态 例如 wouldyoupleasegivetheboysomethingtoread something是read的宾语 theboy是read的逻辑主语 不定式用主动语态 注意比较下列两个句子 ihavesomeletterstotype 隐含意义 i lltypethelettersmyself doyouhaveanyletterstobetyped sir 隐含义 i lltypethelettersforyou 5 关于不定式的省略 在连词than as后 介词except but besides后 如果前有实义动词do的某种形式 动词不定式一般不带to 反之则带to 例如 1 inthatcase thereisnothingyoucandothanwait 2 helikesreadingnovelsbesidestoplaythepiano 使役动词make let have和感官动词see watch hear observe后接不定式作宾补时要省略to 但在被动语态中 to不能省略 例如 1 acomputerdoesonlywhatthinkingpeoplehaveitdo 2 pauldoesn thavetobemadetolearn healwaysworkshard 6 admit advise avoid appreciate can thelp consider delay deny escape enjoy finish feellike fancy imagine mind miss practise risk suggest等动词以及所有带介词的短语动词后面只能跟动名词作宾语 例如 1 ireallyappreciatehavingtimetorelaxwithyouonthisniceisland 2 theboywasluckyenoughtoescapebeingpunished 7 remember forget try mean regret stop goon后接不定式做宾语与接动名词作宾语 意义有很大区别 必须牢记 regretdoing因做过某事而后悔 动作已发生regrettodo因将做某事而遗憾 动作没发生rememberdoing记得做过某事 动作已发生remembertodo记得去做某事 动作没发生forgetdoing忘记曾做过某事 动作已发生forgettodo忘记做某事 动作没发生 meandoing意味着meantodo打算做stopdoing停止做stoptodo停止做某事而做另一件事trydoing尝试做trytodo努力做例如 1 shesearchedthetopofthehillandstoppedtorestonabigrockbythesideofthepath 2 youwerebraveenoughtoraiseobjectionsatthemeeting well nowiregrethavingdonethat 3 iusuallygotherebytrain whynottrygoingbyboatforachange 4 masteringaforeignlanguagedoesn tmeanlearningitinclassonly 8 lookforwardto devoteoneselfto payattentionto stickto devoteto makecontributionsto beusedto getusedto objectto中的to是介词 因而其后接动名词作宾语 不要误用动词不定式 1 i mlookingforwardtoseeingyouagain 2 mr reedmadeuphismindtodevoteallhehadtosettingupsomeschoolsforpoorchildren 9 在 thereisno 主语 句型中 常用动名词作主语 thereisnotellingwhatwillhappeninthefuture thereisnotelling itisimpossibletotell thereisnodenyingthatheplottedthisrebellion 无可否认 他策划了这次谋反 10 关于being 过去分词 being 过去分词 是分词一般式的被动语态 常用作定语 表示一个正在进行的被动动作 分词短语作状语时 如要表示一个被动动作 用过去分词即可 因为过去分词本身就可表被动 一般不能用being 过去分词 只有当分词表示一个正在进行而且又是被动的动作时 才可用being done 这种用法很少见 1 foundedin1636 harvardisoneofthemostfamousuniversitiesintheunitedstates 不用beingfounded 2 thehousebeingbuiltinourschoolisforusteachers thoughthere snoisemostofthedaywestillfeelhappyaboutit beingbuilt是定语 正在被修建的 3 translatedintoenglish thesentencewasfoundtohaveacompletelydifferentwordorder 不用beingtranslated 11 关于分词选定的原则 分词短语作定语时 分词的选定依据分词与被其修饰的名词的关系而定 如果名词是分词动作的执行者 用现在分词 如果名词是分词动作的承受者 用过去分词 分词短语作状语时 则要看分词与句子主语的关系 如果句子的主语是分词动作的执行者 用现在分词 如果主语是分词动作的承受者 用过去分词 1 seenfromthemountain thecitylooksbeautiful 2 seeingfromthemountain wecanseetheriverrunningthroughthecity 第一句 thecity 被看 用过去分词 第二句 我们看 表主动 用现在分词 3 thecomputercenter openedlastyear isreallypopularamongthestudentsinthisschool thecomputercenter 被开办 用过去分词opened 4 theboyrunningontheplaygroundisfromengland 男孩是 跑 的执行者 用running 12 judgingfrom by considering generallyspeaking roughlyspeaking strictlyspeaking personallyspeaking franklyspeaking talkingof grantedthat等引导的分词短语在句中作插入语 说明全句 1 judgingfromhisaccent hemustbefromguangdong 2 generallyspeaking girlsaremorecarefulthanboys 13 关于过去分词given given的基本意思是 给 另外 它还有 特定的 假设的 意思 根据上下文 又可把它引申为 考虑到 在句中作条件状语 1 givenmoreattention thetreescouldhavegrownbetter 2 givenhisage theperformanceisreallygreat givenhisage 考虑到他的年纪 14 分词作状语时 其逻辑主语必须与句子的主语一致 如果不一致 就要在分词前加上其逻辑主语 构成独立主格结构 1 findinghercarstolen shehurriedtoapolicemanforhelp 分词的逻辑主语是she 与句子的主语一致 是现在分词作状语 2 hismotherbeingill hehadtostayhometolookafterher hismotherbeingill是独立主格结构作状语 观察下列独立主格结构 请注意它们与分词短语作状语的区别 everythingbeingready westartedout 表原因 mama hecriedsuddenly tearsrollingdownhischeeks 表伴随情况 weatherpermitting we llgoouting 表条件 alltheticketshavingbeensoldout wefeltverydisappointed 表原因 alltheguestshavingarrived thepartywasdeclaredopen 表时间 15 不定式 动名词 分词作定语的区别 比较下列画线部分在句中的作用 位置及其与谓语动词的时间顺序 1 theyhavenodrinkingwaternow 动名词作定语 2 thebooktobepublishedisaboutsars 将要出版的这本书是关于非典型肺炎的 不定式作定语 3 therisingsunisverybeautiful 现在分词作定语 4 thegroundiscoveredwithfallenleaves 落叶满地 过去分词作定语 强化训练 用所给动词的正确形式填空按照句子结构的语法性和句子连贯的要求 用括号中单词的正确形式填空 1 2012 全国卷 thepartywillbeheldinthegarden weather permit 2 2012 上海卷 theclub 25yearsago isholdingapartyforpastandpresentmembers found permitting founded 3 2012 上海卷 genius isacomplicatedconcept manydifferentfactors involve 4 2012 天津卷 hegotuplateandhurriedtohisoffice thebreakfastuntouched leave 5 2012 江苏卷 animportantdecisionmoreonemotionthanonreason youwillregretitsoonerorlater base involving leaving basing 6 2012 安徽卷 iremembered thedoorbeforeilefttheoffice butforgottoturnoffthelights lock 7 2012 安徽卷 when forhisviewsabouthisteachingjob philipsaidhefounditveryinterestingandrewarding ask 8 2012 湖南卷 we vehadagoodstart butnext moreworkneeds toachievethefinalsuccess do 9 2012 湖南卷 time correctly ismoneyinthebank use tolock asked tobedone used 10 2012 湖南卷 thelecture at7 00pmlastnight wasfollowedbyanobservationofthemoonwithtelescopes start 11 2012 福建卷 chinarecentlytighteneditswaterscontrolsnearthehuangyanislandtopreventchinesefishingboatsfrom inthesouthchinasea attack 12 2012 全国卷 filmhasamuchshorterhistory especiallywhen tosuchartformsasmusicandpainting compare starting beingattacked compared 13 2012 福建卷 pressedfromhisparents and thathehaswastedtoomuchtime theboyisdeterminedtostopplayingvideogames realize 14 2012 陕西卷 inalongqueue wewaitedforthestoretoopentobuyanewipad stand 15 2012 陕西卷 ifhetakesonthiswork hewillhavenochoicebut anevengreaterchallenge meet realizing standing tomeet 专题训练 广东各地市历年模拟题演练按照句子结构的语法性和句子连贯的要求 在空白处填上适当的词或使用括号中单词的正确形式填空 1 sotheratgotthefirstyear name afterhimandtheoxgotthesecondyear 2 justasiwasabout push thekeyintothedoor theoldlandladycalledtomeandmotionedmeintoherapartment named topush 3 put manydishesoffoodonthetable shesatdownacrossfromme 4 asheopenedthebox thefatherwas embarrass byhisearlieroverreaction 5 get thephonerecords theinvestigatorsused pretexting 借口 6 mypupils donnie include adoredher 7 weadvancegraduallyfrommerely name objectstounderstandingthethoughtinalineofshakespeare havingput embarrassed toget included naming 8 theimageshadbeenreconsideredandchangedfordozensoftimesbythedesignergroup consist ofcartoonpaintersandmorethan30experts