there be句型.docx

简单句的5种结构及9种句子成分一、句子的成分（一）、句子各成分的定义句子的组成部分,包括主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、补语、同位语和独立成分9种.主语是句子叙述的主体，可由名词、代词、数词、名词化的形容词、不定式、动名词和主语从句等来承担。谓语说明主语所发出的动作或具有的特征和状态。谓语由动词来承担。宾语是动作的对象或承受者，常位于及物动词或介词后面。宾语可由名词、代词、数词、名词化的形容词、不定式、动名词、宾语从句等来担任。主语和谓语是英语句子的两大成分，除少数句子（如祈使句和感叹句等）外，一句话必须同时具有主语和谓语所表达的意思才能完整。主语是针对谓语而言的，是一句话的主题，谓语用来说明主语的情况，为主语提供信息。例如：Theyareworking.主语是they(他们)，那么他们在做什么呢？看来没有谓语areworking是不行的。在正常情况下，英语的主语和谓语的位置与汉语一致，也就是说主语在前，谓语紧跟其后。定语 用于描述名词,代词,短语或从句的性质,特征范围等情况的词叫做定语,定语可以由名词,形容词和起名词和形容词作用的词,短语担任。如果定语是单个词,定语放在被修饰词的前面,如果是词组,定语放在被修饰词的后面。状语 说明事情发生的时间,地点,原因,目的,结果方式,条件或伴随情况,程度等情况的词叫状语。状语一般由副词、介词短语、分词和分词短语、不定式或相当于副词的词或短语来担当。其位置一般放在句末，但也可放在句首或句中，修饰动词、形容词、副词等.补语 的作用对象是主语和宾语,具有鲜明的定语性描写或限制性功能,在句法上是不可或缺的。补语是起补充说明作用的成份。最常见的是宾语补足语。名词、动名词、形容词、副词、不定式、现在分词、过去分词都可以在句子中作宾补。表语 是用来说明主语的性质,身份,特征和状态。表语须和系动词一起构成句子的复合谓语。表语一般放在系动词之后。表语可以由名词,形容词或起名词和形容词作用的词和短语担任。同位语 当两个指同一事物的句子成分放在同等位置时，一个句子成分可被用来说明或解释另一个句子成分，前者就叫做后者的同位语（appositive）.这两个句子成分多由名词（代词）担任，同位语通常皆放在其说明的名词（代词）之后。同位语和补语的区别在于：补语不能缺少，同位语可以缺少。独立成分 当一个词、短语或从句用在句子里面，与句子的其他成分只有意义上的联系而没有语法关系时，它就称为独立成分。常见的独立成份有呼吁、惊叹语、答语、插入语、介词短语、非谓语动词所构成的短语及形容词、副词所引起的词组等。（二）、各成分的划分符号1.主语2.谓语3.宾语4.定语（）5.状语6.补语7.主语部分和谓语部分表语和系动词一起构成谓语；主语同位语则跟主语划到一起，宾语同位语则跟宾语划到一起。（三）、各成分的基本位置关系主语在谓语前 宾语在谓语后 主语和宾语前是定语 谓语前是状语 主语、宾语后是补语或同位语二、简单句的5种结构从句子的类型来说，英语的句子只有两种，简单句（simplesentence）和复合句，其中复合句又分为并列复合句（compoundsentence）和主从复合句（complexsentence）。从句子的功能来说，英语的句子分为4种即陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。（一）、简单句的5种结构。所谓简单句就是只有一套主谓宾系统的句子。1.“主谓”结构（扩充定语和状语）Thecardisappeared(消失).2.“主系表”结构Thegirlisveryclever.3.“主谓宾”结构TheboyspeaksEnglish.4.“主谓宾+宾补”结构Weallthink(his)story.在这里interesting当补语，补充说明宾语story，体会一下把补语去掉是什么滋味儿。5.“主谓+间宾+直宾”结构Hegivesme(a)pen.这句话中有2个宾语，pen是直接宾语，me是间接宾语。（二）、there+be句型。简单句除以上五种结构外，还有另外一种结构，“there+be+主语”句型，表示客观存在有。There+be句型的主语不是there,而是be动词后面的词语。例1：Thereisabookandapencilonthedesk.在这个句子中真正的主语不是there，而是is后面的book和pencil，但是为什么谓语动词用的是is不是are呢？因为there+be句型的be动词取决于它右边的第一个主语的数。在这个句子中因为is右边的第一个主语是abook，是单数，所以这里be动词用is。下面再来体会一下：例2：Thereisaboyandagirlintheclassroom.例3：Therearethreebooksandanappleonthedesk.此句型是由there + be +主语+状语构成，用以表达存在有，一种无主语的有。 它其实是倒装的一种情况，主语位于谓语动词 be 之后，there 仅为引导词，并无实际语。Be 与其后的主语在人称和数量上一致，有时态和情态变化。如，现在有 there is/are 过去有 there was/were 将来有 there will be/there is /are going to be.现在已经有there has/have been 可能有there might be. 肯定有 there must be /there must have been.过去一直有 there used to be 似乎有 there seems/seem/seemed to be 碰巧有 there happen/happens/happened to be 此句型有时不用be动词，而用 live, stand, come, go, lie, remain,exist, arrive,等。翻译练习： 今晚没有会。 这个村子过去只有一口井。 这个学校有一名音乐老师和一名美术老师。 客人当中有两名美国人和两名法国人。 天气预报说下午有大风。 灯亮着，办公室里肯定有人。 战前这儿一直有家电影院的。 恰好那时房里没人。 从前，在海边的一个村子里住着一位老渔夫。 公共汽车来了。 就只剩下二十八美元了。 在这个山洞前面长着一棵高大的松树。 铃响了。 二月份有二十八天。There be 句型专项练习一、 用be的正确形式填空1. There _ a piano against the wall.2. There _ some flowers on the desk.3. There _ some tea in the cup.4. There _ two tins of coke in the bag.5. There _ three buildings and a beautiful garden in our school.6. There _ some meat, some bread and some apples on the table.7. There _ a picture and a clock on the wall.8. There _ a volleyball match in our school the day after tomorrow.9. There _ no factories, hospitals and schools here fifty years ago.10. There may _ something wrong with your watch.11. There _ any mail for you today.12. There _ any letters in the mailbox today.13. How many kinds of animals _ there in this area?二、 按要求进行句型转换1 There are some kites on the wall.（改为否定句）_2 There is some rice in the bag.（改为一般疑问句）_3 There are forty-eight pupils in Miss Guos class.（对画线部分提问）_4 Mr. Green has two sons. （对画线部分提问）_5 His uncle has some new story-books.（改为一般疑问句）_6、 There is a woman near the house.（变复数）_7、 There are some buses near the hill.（变单数）_8、 There are some apples on the tree.（变一般问句）_9、 There are some oranges in the glass.（变否定句）_10、 Is there a baby in the room?（变复数）_11、 There are many beautiful flowers in the garden. (就划线部分提问)_ _ in the garden?12、There is a bookcase in my study. （变一般问句）_ _ _ _ in your study?13、There is a soccer ball and a basketball on the floor._ _ on the floor?14、My new dress is in the wardrobe._ _ your new dress?15、There are some big trees behind my house._ _ _ big trees?三、 根据中文提示，完成句子1 学校图书馆有各种各样的书。_ _ all kinds of books _ _ _.2 你有问题要问老师吗？_ you _ _ _ _ the teacher?3 明天有班会，后天有电影。_ _ _ a class meeting tomorrow and _ _ _ a film the day after tomorrow.4 下个月有几场足球赛。_ _ _ _ _ _ _ next month?5 你有几双鞋？_ _ _ _ shoes _ you _ ?7、桌子上有一本书和两支钢笔。There _ a book and two pens on the desk.8、钱包里有些钱。There _ some money in the picture.9、在吉姆的书包里有一些卡片。_ _ some cards in Jims bag.10、里面还有其他的东西吗？_ _ anything else in it?11、 我们学校有许多班。There _ many _ in our school.12、树上没有鸟。There _ _ birds in the tree.四、选择填空：1. Are there any maps on the wall? _A. There are some. B. Yes, there is. C. Yes, there is one. D. No, there are.2. How many _ are there in the picture? A. woman B. women C. buy D. milk3. There arent _ trees near the house. There is only one.A. any B. some C. many D. much4. There _ two bowls of rice on the table. A. is B. have C. has D. are5. Are there _ houses near the river? Yes, there are_ .A. some, some B. any, some C. any, any D. some, any6There are _ days in a weekAthe seven Bseventh Cthe seventh Dseven7.There are few _ in the fridgeLets go and buy some peas and cabbagesAvegetables Bfruit Cmeat Deggs8.Look！There are some _ on the floorAchild Bwater Cboxes Dgirl9There were two _ people at yesterdays meetingAhundreds Bhundreds of Chundred10The letter from my uncle was shortThere wasnt _ newsAmany Ba few Cmuch Dfew11-Oh，there isnt enough _ for us in the lift-It doesnt matter，lets wait for the nextAground Bfloor Cplace Droom12There _ an English Evening next TuesdayAwas Bwill be Cwill have Dare going to be13There _ a football gam e in our schoolAhas Bwill have Cwill be14There is going to _ a report _ Chinese history in our school this eveningAhave；on Bbe；on Chave；for Dbe；of15There is _ food hereWell have to buy someAany Bsome Cno16There is _ in the bagIts emptyAnothing Bsomething Canything Dsomebody17There is _ knocking at the doorGo and see who it isAnobody Bsomebody Canybody Deverybody18-Is there _ wrong with me， doctor？-Im afraid soYour heart is beating a bit too slowAsomething Banything Ceverything Dnothing19There is _ interesting on this channelTry othersAnothing Bnone Canything Dno20There is _ interesting in the film，so _ is interested in itAsomething；nobody Bnothing；somebodyCanything；anybody Dnothing；nobody21There is _ in todays newspaperAnothing new Banything new Cnew anything Dnew something22There is _ in todays newspaperAnew anything Bnew somethin Canything new Dsomething new23. _ a reading lamp on the table.A. There is B. There has C. It is D. It has24. _ no coffee left yesterday.A. It being B. There being C. It was D. There was25.There _ five pairs in the room.A. were B. is C. are D. was26.There _ no use to ask him this question.A. were B. is C. are D. was27. There _ a lot of people waiting for the bus.A. are B. is C. were D. was五、there be 与have区别1. This desk _ four legs. 2. _ some books on the desk.3. Everyone _ a dictionary in my class.4. _ (没有) knives in the room. 5. I _ a new sweater.6. _ some flowers and a desk in the room.7. _ nothing in the bag. 8. They _ something to eat.六、用some, any填空1. Theres _ water in the cup. There isnt _ tea in the cup.2. Is there _ bread here? Yes, there is. Theres _ on the table.3. Are there _ cars in front of the building? No, there arent.4. There isnt _ chocolate on the table.5. Is there _ soap on the dressing table?七、用is, are填空1. There _ a spoon on the plate.2. There _ some