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ChapterOne Geography PeopleandLanguage 1 Contents 2 IGeography 1 GeographicalFeature2 Climate3 MajorCities 3 MapoftheUK Readthemaptofind AtlanticOceanNorthSeaIrishSeaTheEnglishChannel TheChannelTunnel TheRepublicofIreland 4 Geography TheofficialtitleoftheUKtheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIrelandTheUKismadeupof GreatBritain theformerlyseparateEnglandandScotland andWales NorthernIrelandNumeroussmallerislands TitleandMakeupoftheUK 5 Locationandterritory LocationoftheUK Themainlandareasliebetweenlatitudes49 Nand61 Nandlongitudes8 Wto2 ETotalterritory 242 910squarekilometersInterestingFact NooneintheUKlivesmorethan120km 75miles fromthesea 6 Topography NorthernIreland It smostlyhilly Wales It smostlymountainous SouthWalesislessmountainousthanNorthandMidWales Scotland Itsgeographyisvaried withlowlandsinthesouthandeastandhighlandsinthenorthandwest England itconsistsoflowlandterrain withsomemountainousterraininthenorth west northandsouth west BenNevisinScotland thehighestpointinUK 7 RiversandLakes Thelongestriver SevernRiver 354kilometerslong Thesecondlongestriver Thames 332kilometerslong ThelargestLake LoughNeagh Thames 8 LakeDistrict 9 Lakepoets IWanderedLonelyasaCloud WilliamWordsworthIwanderedlonelyasacloudThatfloatsonhigho ervalesandhills WhenallatonceIsawacrowd Ahost ofgoldendaffodils Besidethelake beneaththetrees Flutteringanddancinginthebreeze ContinuousasthestarsthatshineAndtwinkleonthemilkyway Theystretchedinnever endinglineAlongthemarginofabay TenthousandsawIataglance Tossingtheirheadsinsprightlydance 10 Lakepoets Thewavesbesidethemdanced buttheyOut didthesparklingwavesinglee Apoetcouldnotbutbegay Insuchajocundcompany Igazed andgazed butlittlethoughtWhatwealththeshowtomehadbrought Foroft whenonmycouchIlieInvacantorinpensivemood TheyflashuponthatinwardeyeWhichistheblissofsolitude Andthenmyheartwithpleasurefills Anddanceswiththedaffodils 11 2 Climate Maincharacteristics Temperate withwarmsummers coldwintersandplentyrainfallThreemajorfeatures WinterfogRainydaysInstability changeability 12 3 MajorCities London TheRiverThames thecapitalofEnglandandofGreatBritainthepoliticalcenteroftheCommonwealthamajorportoneoftheworld sleadingbankingandfinancialcenters 13 Landmarks SymbolsofLondon ThepalaceofWestminster 14 Landmarks SymbolsofLondon WestminsterAbbey BigBen 15 Landmarks SymbolsofLondon St Paul sCathedral 16 Landmarks SymbolsofLondon HydePark TowerofLondon 17 Landmarks SymbolsofLondon TowerBridge BuckinghamPalace 18 Landmarks SymbolsofLondon LondonEye 19 MajorCities Edinburgh CapitalofScotlandadministrative financial legal medicalandinsurancecenterofScotlandbeautifulsceneryrenownedarchitecture 20 Landmarks SymbolsofEdinburgh EdinburghCastle PalaceofHolyrood 21 MajorCities Cardiff Europe syoungestcapitalcityhasbeenthecapitalcityofWalesforaround50yearshometoanenormousamountofurbanregenerationandrestorationhasrecentlybecomeoneofthemostfashionablecitiesintheUnitedKingdom 22 Landmarks SymbolsofCardiff CardiffCityHall 23 Landmarks SymbolsofCardiff MillenniumStadium CardiffCastle 24 MajorCities Belfast CityHall thesecondlargestcitycapitalofNorthernIrelandanimportanthistoriccity 25 Landmarks SymbolsofBelfast BelfastCastle 26 IIPeople Overallpopulation over60millionsDistribution England about50millionScotland over5millionWales around3millionNorthernIreland about1 7million 27 Ethnicity ThemajorityofthispopulationaredescendentsoftheAnglo SaxonsMostpeopleinWalesandScotlandaredescendentsoftheCelticpeopleTheIrishpeoplewerealsoCelticinoriginimmigrants 28 PercentageoftotalUKPopulation EthincGroupsoftotalWhiteBritish85 7 WhiteIrish1 2 White other 5 3 Mixedrace1 2 Indian1 8 Pakistani1 3 Bengali0 5 OtherAsian non Chinese 0 4 BlackCaribbean1 0 BlackAfrican0 8 Black others 0 2 Chinese0 4 Other0 4 29 IIITheEnglishLanguage 1 OldEnglish2 MiddleEnglish3 ModernEnglish4 StandardEnglish 30 1 OldEnglish 5th 11th LanguageofAngle SaxonsInfluencedbyOldNorseLatinandGreekwordsDanishwords 31 Beowulf ThemostfamousworkfromtheOldEnglishperiodistheepicpoem Beowulf approximatelyAD900 Hw t WeGar Denaingeardagum eodcyninga rymgefrunon hu a elingasellenfremedon OftScyldScefingscea ena reatum 32 2 MiddleEnglish 11th 15th StatusFrenchreplacedEnglishastheofficiallanguage andEnglishbecametheLanguageoflowerclassbig porksheep muttoncattle beefDevelopmentEnglishincreasedinimportanceaftertheBlackDeath 33 TheCanterburyTales writtenbyGeoferyChaucer 14thecenturyWhanthatAprill withhisshouressooteThedroghteofMarchhathpercedtotherooteAndbathedeveryveyneinswichlicour Ofwhichvertuengendredistheflour GeoffreyChaucer 34 3 ModernEnglish 15th Theprintingpress broughtstandardizationofEnglishSamuelJohnson sdictionary establishedastandardformofspellingRenaissance assimilatedforeignwordsthroughouttheRenaissanceTheIndustrialRevolution necessitatedtheintroductionofnewwordsfornewthingsandideasTheriseoftheBritishEmpireortheCommonwealthofNations ledtotheassimilationofwordsfrommanyotherlanguages 35 Othello byWilliamShakespeare1603La Thointhetradeofwarre Ihaueflainemen YetdoeIholditveryftuftofConfcience Todoenocontriu dmurrher IlackeiniquitySometimestodoeferuice nineortentimes Ihadthoughttohaueierk dhimhere Vndertheribbes Oth Tisbetterasitis Whichcanbetranslatedas La ThoughinthetradeofwarIhaveslainman YetdoIholditverystuffo theconscience Todonocontrivedmurder IlackiniquitySometimestodomeservice nineortemtimesIhadthoughttohaveyerk dhimhereunderther