高考英语一轮复习 Unit 1 Cultural relics单元知识（含解析）新人教版必修2.doc

unit1 cultural relics1. survive (1) vi. 幸免； 幸存； 生还of the six people injured in the crash，only two survived. 因这次撞车事故受伤的六人中，只有两人幸存。(2)vt. 比活得长； 幸免于； 从(困境中)挺过来。其宾语可以是人或事。 sb 比某人活得久 survive sth （经过某事）活下来 (2015北京，阅读)nicholas might not have survived this snowstorm had it not been for tv. 要是没有电视的话，尼古拉斯可能活不过这场雪灾。the company managed to survive the crisis. 公司设法挺过了危机。【归纳拓展】(1)a survive b by+时间名词a比b活得长 survive on. . . 依靠生存下来 survive from. . . 从存活下来； 流传下来(2)survivor n. 幸存者 survival n. 幸存； 残存物【巧学助记】as far as i know， the old man survived the earthquake and he was the only survivor of this village， but nobody knew how he survived. finally， he survived his wife by 10 years. 据我所知， 这位老人在地震中幸免于难，他是这个村子唯一的幸存者， 但是没有人知道他是如何幸存的。最后，他比他的妻子多活了10年。【跟踪典例】完成句子。after the big fire， _ . 大火之后， 仍有一些树木残存。my grandma _ ten years. 我祖父去世以后， 我祖母又活了10年。a troop of carefully selected soldiers set out in search of those who might _ the terrible coal mine accident. a. liveb. rescuec. existd. survive【答案】some trees survivedsurvived my grandpa by 2. in search of 寻找he moved to the united states in search of a better life. 他移居美国寻求更好的生活。【归纳拓展】(1)in ones search for寻找(2)search sth /sb 搜查某物或搜身 search for寻找(= look for) search . . . for . . . 为找到而搜查【跟踪典例】完成句子。mr. otis _ in the house. 奥蒂斯先生搜查了房子的每一个房间。all night they _. 他们通宵寻找marget。i looked everywhere _ my glasses. 我到处寻找我的眼镜。it was reported that eight policemen were sent to the forest _the missing girl. a. in need of b. in search ofc. in charge of d. in time of【答案】 searched every room searched for marget in search of3. amazing adj. 令人吃惊的the effect of these tablets are amazing. 这些药片疗效惊人。【巧学助记】to his amazement， we were not amazed at his amazing achievements. 让他感到吃惊的是， 他的令人吃惊的成绩却没有使我们大为惊讶。【归纳拓展】表示令人的意义的形容词一般用-ing形式， 主语多为物； 而表示感到的意义的形容词一般用-ed形式， 主语多为人。类似的形容词有: interesting有趣的interested感兴趣的 exciting令人兴奋的excited激动的worrying令人担心的worried担心的satisfying令人满意的satisfied满意的surprising令人吃惊的surprised惊讶的disappointing令人失望的disappointed失望的【跟踪典例】the customers were all_to see the_scene in the supermarket yesterday. a. amazing； amazed b. amazing； amazingc. amazed； amazed d. amazed； amazing4. design(1) n. 设计；图案；构思in design在设计上 by design(相当于on purpose)故意地the building was poor in design.这楼设计得不好。do you think the building was burnt down by accident or design? 你认为大楼被烧是意外事故，还是有意为之呢？(2) v. 设计；计划；构思 be designed to do 目的是做 be designed for为而设计z？xx*kthis room is designed for the children.这个房间是给孩子们设计的。the experiment is designed to test the new drug.实验的目的是测试一下那种新药。【跟踪典例】完成句子。the houses _ the old people. 这些房子是专门为老年人设计的。these exercises _ develop and strengthen muscles. 这些练习是为了增强肌肉而设计的。she did that _， knowing it would annoy me. 她明知会让我生气， 却故意那么做。【答案】 are specially designed for are designed to by design5. fancy(1)adj.奇特的；异样的the dress is too fancy for me.这件服装我穿太花哨了。(2)vt.想象；设想；爱好fancy.as/to be . 认为是fancy doing 想要做某事fancy+that-从句 认为fancy oneself (as sth)自命不凡；自负she fancied herself as/to be a serious actress.她自以为是个严肃的演员。do you fancy going out this evening?今晚你想不想出去？(3)n.喜爱；空想；猜想；奇想 have a fancy for 爱好；喜欢 take a fancy to sb/sth 喜欢上某人/物i have a fancy for some wine with my dinner. 我喜欢在晚餐时喝点酒。he took a fancy to music when he was young.年轻时他就喜欢上了音乐。【跟踪典例】 完成句子。i dont _ in the rain. 我不喜欢在雨中行走。dont _ you can succeed without hard work. 不要幻想不努力工作会成功。she _ a famous actress. 她自以为是一位有名的演员。【答案】 fancy walking fancy that fancies herself as6belong to(1)属于this old musical instrument belongs to our family for a long time. 我们家拥有这件古老的乐器已有很长时间了。(2)是的成员；同有关over nine tenths of the inhabitants there belong to the han nationality. 那里十分之九以上的居民属于汉族。【名师点津】belong to不用于进行时态和被动语态； to为介词， 后面跟宾格代词或名词作宾语。其现在分词形式可以作定语。china is a country belonging to the third world. 中国是一个属于第三世 界的国家。【跟踪典例】whose dictionary is it?it_our school library. a. belongs to b. is belonged toc. is belonging d. belongs【答案】a。句意: 这本词典是谁的?它属于我们学校图书馆。belong to不用于进行时态和被动语态。7. in return 作为报答；回报 (2015山东) remember that you can expect the best in return.记住你能够期望最好的回报。【归纳拓展】in return for作为的回报； 答谢in turn依次； 轮流； 相应地； 转而the girls spoke out their names in turn. 那些女孩儿逐一报出自己的名字。【跟踪典例】we give dogs time， space and love we can spare， and _， dogs give us their all.a. in allb. in factc. in shortd. in return8. less than 少于。其反义短语为more than。less than是形容词或副词的比较级结构，修饰数词、形容词、 副词或动词。this young man is less than 20 years old. 这个年轻人不到20岁。(修饰 数词)we are busy and less than delighted to have company today. 我们今天很忙，不高兴有客人来访。(修饰 形容词)the baby ate less than it should. 这婴儿吃的比它该吃的少。(修饰 动词)【归纳拓展】less than多于；不仅仅；非常no more than仅仅(强调少)，相当于onlynot more than不多于；至多【跟踪典例】i used to earn _ than a pound a week when i first started work.a. lessb. fewerc. a fewd. a little9. doubt n. 怀疑； 疑惑vt. 怀疑； 不信 doubt与从句引导词的选择 (1)作动词时 在肯定句中， 接whether/if引导的宾语从句； 在否定句、疑问句中， 后跟that引导的宾语从句。 (2)作名词时 在肯定句中接whether引导的同位语从句。 在否定句中用that引导同位语从句。 there is no doubt that our experiment will succeed. =there is no doubt about the success of our experiment. 毫无疑问， 我们的实验会成功的。 i doubt if/whether we will make a profit out of it. 我怀疑我们是否能从此事中获利。 i dont doubt that you are honest. 我不怀疑你是诚实的。【归纳拓展】doubtful adj. 怀疑的no doubt毫无疑问 without/beyond doubt无疑地； 必定； 当然【跟踪典例】完成句子。i _ there will be a female president in this country in my lifetime. 我怀疑在我有生之年这个国家会不会出现一位女总统。they had _ the price of houses will fall. 他们不怀疑房价会下降。_we will be successful. 毫无疑问， 我们会成功的。do you doubt _she can run the race? yes， i doubt _she can run against liu xiang. a. that； whether b. whether； thatc. that； that d. whether； if10. worth prep. 值得的； 相当于的价值 n. 价值； 作用 adj.值钱的 be worth+n. 值得， 值 be worth doing sth 某事值得被做 its worth it是值得的 the thieves stole 1 million pounds worth of jewellery. 窃贼偷走了价值100万英镑的珠宝。 hes decided to get a look at the house and see if it might be worth buying. 他已经决定去看一下那所房子， 看看是否值得买。【归纳拓展】 of being done (1)be(well)worthy to be done ofn. be worthn. 值得(2)it is worthwhile to do/doing sth做某事值得this article is well worth reading， but it is not worthy of being translated/to be translated. 这篇文章很值得读， 但不值得翻译。【跟踪典例】it is _the trouble to explain a job fully to new employees. a. worthwhile taking b. worthy takingc. worthy of take d. worth to take11. take apart 拆开 the mechanics took the engine apart. 机械工们把发动机拆开了。【归纳拓展】tell.apart 识别；辨认 fall apart 崩溃；瓦解keep.apart (使)分开 stand apart 分开站立live apart 分居 apart from 除以外【跟踪典例】完成句子。把这个机器拆开很简单， 但是组装起来却十分困难。_ is easy， but putting it together is quite difficult. 这对孪生姐妹太像了， 我区分不出她们。the twin sisters are so alike that i cant _.【答案】taking the machine apart/taking apart the machine tell them apart12. think highly of看重；器重 can you really think highly of a person you dont trust? 你真的能高度赞扬一个你不信任的人吗?【归纳拓展】think little/poorly/badly/ill of sb/sth 对某人/某事评价不高think nothing of不把当回事sing high praise for 对高度评价/称赞have a high/good opinion of 对高度评价speak highly of sb/sth 对某人/某事高度评价speak well / ill of说的好/坏话【名师点津】当think highly/well/much of用于被动语态结构时， 副词应放于其修饰的动词前， 即be highly/well/much thought of。 pop music is well thought of by most young people. 大多数年轻人对流行音乐很赞赏。【跟踪典例】many of us have a_ opinion of him. but he is_ thought of by the leaders. a. bad； worse b. badly； highlyc. bad； better d. badly； more13. debate n. 争论； 辩论 vi. 争论； 辩论under debate在讨论中； 在辩论中beyond/without debate无可争议debate with sb about/on就与某人辩论 whats the question now under debate?现在辩论的是什么问题呢? the government is debating the education laws. 政府正在就教育法进行辩论。【跟踪典例】the class will _ on matters of mutual concern.a. debateb. arguec. discussd. talk【答案】a。句意：全班将讨论一些大家相互关心的事情。debate讨论，后接介词on； discuss是及物动词，后面不接介词；argue和talk不符合语境。1. in 1770 the room was completed the way she wanted. 1770年， 这间琥珀屋按照她的要求完成了。【句式分析】(1)这是一个主从复合句； 定语从句she wanted修饰先行词way， 其前省略了连接词that/in which。(2)句中the way作状语， 其前省略了in； 含有way的短语， 如in the same way， in this/that way， in another way 等用于句末时， in常省略。i dont like the way that he laughed at me. =i dont like the way in which he laughed at me. =i dont like the way he laughed at me. 我不喜欢他嘲笑我的那种方式。【跟踪典例】the way_he spoke english is more like that of an american. a. whichb. howc. in thatd. in which2. in a trial， a judge must decide which eyewitnesses to believe and which not to believe. 在审判过程中，法官必须断定哪些目击者的话可信，哪些目击者的话不可信。本句中包含疑问词不定式结构，其用法归纳如下：(1)功能：作主语、宾语、表语(2)疑问词：who， what， when， where， how等(3)作主语时，谓语动词常用单数形式(4)这种结构常用在tell， show， understand， explain， teach， learn， advise， discuss， find out 等词后作宾语how to do it is a question. 该怎样做这件事是一个问题。i really dont know what to write about. 我实在不知道该写些什么。【跟踪典例】用疑问词+不定式改写下列句子。i could not decide which dictionary i should buy. =i could not decide _. jack did not know where he could find such a good teacher. =jack did not know _such a good teacher.【答案】which dictionary to buywhere to find3. nor do i think they should give it to any government. 我也认为他们不应该把它交给任何政府部门。本句中由于否定词nor放在了句首，所以使用了部分倒装语序，即nor+系动词be/情态动词/助动词+主语，表示前句中的否定情况也适用于另一人或物，意为也不，可用neither替换nor。he didnt pass the exam， neither/nor did i.他考试不及格，我也是。【归纳拓展】(1)so系动词be(情态动词或助动词)(与前句不同的)主语表示前句中的肯 定情况也适用于另一人或物， 表示也是这样；也是如此。he likes swimming and so do i.他喜欢游泳我也是。(2)如果前者的两种不同情况也适合后者的话则用it is the same with sb/sth或so it is with sb/sth句式。 my younger brother is good at english but he is not good at maths. 我弟弟擅长英语而数学不好。 so it is with my brother.我弟弟也是这样。(3)so(与前句相同的)主语系动词be(情态动词或助动词)表示赞同，确实。即 后一句只是单纯地重复前面句子的意思，此时不倒装。 john is a good partner.约翰是一个好搭档。 so he is.他确实是。【跟踪典例】the headmaster will not permit the change in the course， nor _ it a thought.a. does he even givenb. he even givesc. will he even gived. he will even give【答案】c。当neither或nor位于句首，主语与前面句子的主语情况相同时，句子要部分倒装。校长不会考虑这一点是将来的动作，所以使用一般将来时，借助该时态的助动词will。一、限制性与非限制性定语从句(一)限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别限制性定语从句对先行词起修饰限制作用；非限制性定语从句对先行词起补充说明作用。非限制性定语从句中，先行词与定语从句往往有逗号隔开。非限制性定语从句相当于并列句、状语从句等。如：he has two sons， who work in the same company. (he has only two sons.) 他有两个儿子，他们在同一家公司上班。he has two sons who work in the same company. ( perhaps he has more than two sons.) 他有两个在同一家公司上班的儿子。(二)非限制性定语从句中关系代词和关系副词的用法1关系代词和关系副词在任何情况下都不能省略；2who(主语)，whom(宾语)，which(主语，宾语)不能用that代替，也不能互相替换；3在介词+which/whom从句结构中，介词不能移到从句的后面；4when，where可用于非限制性定语从句中。二、关系代词的用法(一)关系代词的作用和分类1关系代词的作用有三个：(1)连接作用：关系代词引导从句，把从句和主句连接起来；(2)替代作用：关系代词在从句中替代它前面的先行词；(3)成分作用：关系代词在从句中总是充当句子成分。2. 关系代词的用法分类：关系词先行词所指在句中的作用关系代词that人/物主、宾、表which物主、宾、表who人主、宾whom人宾whose人/物定as人/物/事情主、宾、表关系副词when时间时间状语where地点地点状语why原因原因状语 关系代词的用法与分类有三点依据：(1)根据所引导的从句的限制性和非限制性；(2)根据所替代的先行词是指人还是指物；(3)根据它在从句中所充当的成分主语、宾语、表语或定语。(二)关系代词that和which的用法1限制性定语从句中，必须用关系代词that的情况：(1)当先行词是不定代词all，much，little，something，everything，anything，nothing，none，the one时。 如：do you have anything that you want to say for yourself? 你有什么要说的吗?you should hand in all that you have你应该把你有的都交上。(2)当先行词前面有the only，the very(恰恰，正好)，any，few，little，no，all等词修饰时。如：this is the very bus that im waiting for这就是我正在等的公交车。(3)当先行词是形容词最高级或先行词的前面有形容词最高级修饰时。如：this is the best that has been used against pollution这是曾经用过的最好的抗污染的办法。this is the most interesting film that ive ever seen这是我看过的最有趣的电影。(4)当先行词是序数词或它前面有序数词修饰时。如： this train is the last that will go to suzhou这是去苏州的最后一趟火车。(5)当先行词既有人又有物时。如：do you know the things and persons that they ale talking about?你知道他们谈论的人和事吗?(6)当主句的主语是疑问词who或which时。如：which is the bike that you lost? 哪辆是你丢的自行车?(7)有两个定语从句时，其中一个关系代词宜用which，另外一个宜用that。如：they secretly built up a small factory， which produced things that could cause pollution. 他们偷偷地建了一家小工厂，这座工厂生产可能造成污染的东西。(8)当先行词在主句中作表语，而关系代词在从句中也作表语时。如：shanghai is no longer the city that it used to be. 上海不再是过去的那座城市了。2当先行词指事/物时，定语从句中必须用which的情况：(1)在非限制性定语从句中，只用which，不用that。如：helen was much kinder to her youngest son than to the others， which， of course， made the others envy him. 海伦对最小的儿子比对其他的儿子好得多，这一点当然让他们很嫉妒。(2)当动词短语中的介词提前时，只用which，不用that。如：this is a house in which lu xun once lived.这是鲁迅曾住过的房子。注意：在一些固定搭配的动词短语中，由于动词和介词不可分割，因此不能把介词置于关系代词之前。如：this is the pen(which/that)im looking for.这是我正在寻找的那支钢笔。不可以说：this is the pen for which im looking(三)关系代词who，whom，that和whose的用法当先行词指人：在定语从句中作主语时，用who/that，不可省略；在定语从句中作宾语时，用whom/who/that，可以省略；在定语从句中作定语时，用whose，不可省略。如：she is the girl who/that lives next door。(先行词在定语从句中作主语)她就是住在隔壁的女孩。thats the girl(whom/who/that)i teach(先行词在定语从句中作宾语)那就是我教的女孩。this is the scientist whose achievements ale well known(先行词在定语从句中作定语)这就是那位成就卓著 的科学家。三、关系副词的用法(一)当先行词在定语从句中作状语时，要用关系副词。其中 when=表时间的介词(如：in，at，during等)+which；where=表地点的介词(如：in，at，on，under等)+which；why=表原因的介词(如： for)+which；how=表方式的介词(如：in)+which。如：i still remember the day when i first came to beijing. (when= on which) 我还记得第一次来北京的那一天。can you tell me the office where he works? (where=in which) 你能告诉我他上班的办公室吗?do you know the reason why he is absent? (why=for which) 你知道他缺席的原因吗?(二)介词+关系代词(which)=where/when。有时为表达清楚，还可以在关系副词where/when前加介词from， to等。如：china is the birthplace of kites， from where kite flying spread to japan， korea， thailand and india. 中国是风筝的故乡，从这里放风筝传到了日本、朝鲜、泰国和印度。(三)高考对关系副词where的考查 高考试题中对于where的考查趋于复杂，从先行词为明显的地点转为地点的模糊化。事实上，对于where这个词，考生不能只理解为表地点。当先行词表示某人/物的situation，或某事所发展的stage，或表达某事的某个方面时都可用where这个关系副词。如：they have reached the point where they have to separate with each other.zxx*k 他们已经到了必须分手的地步。这种用法不是仅仅限于定语从句，特殊疑问句中的where，名词性从句中的where都有这种有法。如：where will all this trouble lead? 这件麻烦事会惹出什么结果?议论文写作议论文亦称说理文、论说文，是一种剖析事物、论述事理、发表意见、提出主张的文体。论点、论据、和论证是不可缺少的三要素。 一、 议论文的语言特点： 1) 时态的使用相对比较广泛，根据行文的需要可以使用任何时态; 2) 主动语态、陈述句式为主，被动语态和虚拟语气在议论文中也经常使用; 3) 恰当地使用过渡词语和一些固定句型。 二、 议论文的基本写作步骤: 第一步: 论点的提出(入题) 提出论点之前通常要向读者交代清楚背景,即 “是什么引起了你的思考,让你有感而发”, 它可以是某件事情,也可以是某种现象等。 背景的交待要简练、概括。第二步: 对论点的充分论证（观点及论据/ 理由） 确定观点之后对论点（可能是正反观点）进行论证第三步: 总结、升华论点 文章的结尾要简短、有力，要向读者表明你的观点是切实可行的，或者说是最佳的。 三、议论文不同类型模板： 1、观点对比类模板1： 第一段：引出主题1.im writing to tell you the discussion weve had about whether (我写信告诉你我班关于某事的讨论) opinions are divided on this matter.(there are two different viewpoints about it . / among them there are two types of attitude in.在方面有两种态度)2.recently i have made a survey about whether (最近我对是否作了一次调查).100 people accepted my survey. among them there are two types of attitude.第二段：观点对比(展开)1.60% of the students are for the idea of doing （60%的同学赞成做某事的想法). they believe that besides, above all, however / on the other hand, 40% of them dont think so / dont agree with them. in their opinion, they suggest that2.30% of them think that and that another 30% are against the idea of doing they believe that the rest / other 40% dont agree either of the ideas above.(其余的40%不赞成以上任一种观点) in their opinion, 第三段：陈述自己的看法1.in my opinion / from my point of view, / 2. as far as i know, .结尾句：only when we can we do /only in this way can we do模板2：the topic about is becoming more and more popular in our school recently. there are two sides of opinion about it.some students prefer to consider doing sth.(或 some students say is their favorite.) they think that (理由一). whats more, (理由二). moreover, (理由三). however, others believe is a better choice for three reasons. (然而，其余的人认为做某事是一种较好的选择，有三个方面的理由) to begin with, (理由一). next, . in addition, from my point of view, the former is surely a wise choice. the reason is that(或者用：as far as i am concerned, i firmly support the view that(依我来看，我坚决支持这种观点 that引导同位语从句)2、解决方法题类要求考生列举出解决问题的多种途径.问题现状 .怎样解决(解决方案的优缺点)模板1：in recent days, we have to face a problem a, which is becoming more and more serious. first, _(说明的现状)second, _(举例进一步说明现状)confronted with a, we should take a series of effective measures to cope with the situation. for one thing, _(解决方法一). for another thing _(解决方法二). finally, _(解决方法三). personally, i believe that _(我的解决方法). consequently, im confident that a bright future is awaiting us because _(带来的好处).模板2：currently,thereisawidespreadconcernover(theissuethat)_(作文题).itisreally animportant