高考英语一轮复习 Unit 2 Working the land 单元知识（含解析）新人教版必修4.doc

unit 2 working the land 1.struggle vi. n.斗争；拼搏，努力。常见用法：(1)struggle for为而斗争struggle with 与做斗争，同搏斗struggle against 为反对而斗争struggle to ones feet挣扎着站起来struggle to do sth 努力做某事 (2)with a struggle 费劲地the two leaders are struggling for power.那两个领导人正在争夺权力。we still have to struggle with all kinds of difficulties.我们仍需和种种困难做斗争。she is struggling to seize the only chance to survive.她正努力抓住这唯一的生存机会。he struggled to his feet and dragged slowly ahead.他挣扎着站起来缓慢地前行。完成句子1. they had to _ _ their lives _ weather and wild animals.为了生存他们必须与天气和野兽抗争。2. they had to _ _ all kinds of difficulties.他们得和各样的困难做斗争。3. she _ _ _ _ _ her attacker.她挣扎着想摆脱那个袭击她的人。4. _ _ _ _, the old woman gained control of her business.经过长期努力，这位老妇人在业务上已能应付自如。 【答案】1. struggle for; against2. struggle with / against3. struggled to get away from4. after a long struggle2. hungern. 饥饿；欲望；vt. vi. (使) 饥饿；vi. 渴望。常见用法：die of hunger死于饥饿hunger for sth 渴望得到某物the whole world hungers for peace. 全世界的人都渴望和平。【拓展延伸】hungry adj. 饿的，饥饿的；渴望的go hungry 挨饿 单句填空1. after the long journey, the three of them went back home, _(hunger) and tired.2. in addition, many adult penguins die of _ (hungry).【答案】1. hungry 2. hunger3. thanks to由于；多亏。在句中作原因状语，常置于句首或句末。thanks to jims warning, we avoided the accident. 多亏吉姆的提醒，我们避免了一场事故。【拓展延伸】because of 因为；由于owing to 由于，因之故as a result of 作为的结果，由于due to 因为，由于(不能放在句首)on account of 由于；因为 完成句子1. i couldnt attend the meeting _ _ illness.我因病不能出席会议。2. the delay was _ _ power failure.延滞是由于停电。【答案】1. owing to/ due to/ because of 2. due to4. ridof使摆脱；除去。常见搭配：rid sb of sth 使某人摆脱某物rid oneself of sb /sth 使自己从中解脱get/ be rid of摆脱；丢弃，扔掉he has gone, and im glad to be rid of him. 他走了，而我很高兴摆脱了他。the man rid himself of debt. 这个男人还清了债务。we must get rid of this bad style. 我们必须摒弃这种不良作风。1. 单句改错the owner need to rid of the car for financial reasons.as he was getting onto the stage, dan closed his eyes and took a deep breath to rid himself off his fears.2. 完成句子one day we will manage to _ _ _ _ this terrible disease.总有一天我们有办法使这种可怕的疾病在世界上绝迹。you must _ _ _ these old-fashioned ideas.你必须摒弃这些陈旧观念。well have to _ _ _ him.我们必须摆脱他。how can we _ _ _ all the flies in the kitchen?我们怎样才能把厨房内的苍蝇统统消灭掉？【答案】1. 在rid前加be/getoff改为of2. rid the world of rid yourself ofget rid of get rid of5.be satisfied with对感到满意。yuan longping is quite satisfied with his life. 袁隆平很满足于他的生活。【拓展延伸】1. satisfy vt. vi.(使)满足，(使)满意satisfy ones needs/demands满足某人的需要satisfy sb with sth 使某人满足于某事2. satisfaction n. 满足，满意to sbs satisfaction=to the satisfaction of sb 令某人满意的是with satisfaction 满意地 feel satisfaction at/in对感到满意get/ gain/ derive satisfaction from从中得到满足感3. satisfying adj. 令人满意的 satisfactory adj. 令人满意的，够好的we must satisfy the peoples needs/demands. 我们必须满足人民的需要。we always satisfy our customers with good service. 我们总是以良好的服务来满足顾客。to the teachers satisfaction, he answered all the questions correctly. 让老师满意的是，他正确地回答了所有的问题。1. 单句填空nick is looking for another job because he feels that nothing he does _ (satisfy) his former boss.i am _ (satisfy) with your explanation.2. 完成句子 my parents try to _.我父母尽量满足我的需求。there was _ on his face.他脸上露出了满意的微笑。_, my boss agreed to my suggestion.很使我满意的是，老板同意了我的建议。【解析】1. satisfies satisfied2. satisfy my needs/demands a satisfied lookmuch to my satisfaction6. would rather宁愿，宁可。常见用法：would rather do sth 宁愿做某事would rather do.than do.=would do.rather than do.宁愿而不愿；与其倒不如would rather (that) sb did.宁愿某人做某事(表示希望与现在或将来的事实相反)would rather (that) sb had done.宁愿某人做过某事(表示希望与过去的事实相反)would rather have done本来想做(而实际上没有做)i would rather solve my problems alone, whatever they may be. 不管是什么问题，我宁愿独自解决它们。i would rather stay at home than go shopping on such a humid day. 在这样潮湿的天气里，我宁愿待在家里，也不愿去购物。rather than refuse to help you, i would borrow money from my friends. 我宁可向朋友借钱，也不愿拒绝帮助你。id rather you hadnt told him the news that day. 我真希望你那天没有把这个消息告诉他。【温馨提示】would rather 意为宁愿，更愿意，后接动词原形，否定式是在 would rather 后加 not/never。1. 单句改错 i would rather you come tomorrow rather than today.he would rather stay at home than to go out for a walk.2. would you mind my using your computer for a little while?_.a. no, please dont b. id rather you didntc. im afraid not d. sure, its my pleasure3. i would rather _ the football match last night with my friends; otherwise, i would have finished my paperwork by now.a. not have watched b. not watchc. hadnt watched d. havent watched【答案】1. come改为came 删除to7. equipvt. 配备，装备。常见用法：equip sb /sth with sth 用某物装备某人/物equip sb /sth for (doing) sth 为(做)某事而准备sb be equipped to do sth 某人有准备做某事equip sb to do sth 使某人能够做某事be equipped with sth 装备有某物we equip our children with a good education. 我们让孩子们接受良好的教育。your education will equip you for a job. 你所受的教育将使你具备就业的能力。【拓展延伸】equipment n. u装备，设备a piece of equipment一件设备 完成句子1. our classroom _ _ _ a tv set and a tape recorder.我们的教室里配有一台电视和一台录音机。2. a good education should _ _ _ _.良好的教育能使你受用终生。3. our school has been given _ _ _.我们学校有了一些赠送的新设备。【答案】1. is equipped with2. equip you for life3. some new equipment8.confuse vt. 使迷惑；使为难。常见用法：confuse a with/and b 分不清a和bconfuse black and white混淆黑白；分不清两物之间的不同confuse sb with sth 某事让某人困惑be confused by 被弄混/弄糊涂be careful not to confuse quantity with quality. 注意不要把quantity与quality混淆了。they confused me with conflicting accounts of what happened. 他们对发生的事情所做的陈述自相矛盾，使我困惑不解。【拓展延伸】1. confused adj. 混乱的；迷惑的(表示人的内心感受)be confused about 对感到困惑2. confusing adj. 难以理解的，令人费解的(表示事物的状态)【易混辨析】confuse/puzzle易混词用法confuse表示令人头脑混乱或异常惊讶，有时强调事情的混乱。puzzle指事物不能解释，令人感到迷惑，比confuse语气轻。drivers are confused by the new traffic lights. 司机们被新的交通信号灯搞糊涂了。im puzzled about the situation. 我对形势感到迷惑不解。用confuse或puzzle的适当形式填空1. the sisters always _ me: they look so alike.2. the womans illness _the doctor. he couldnt find the cause.【答案】1. confuse 2. puzzled9.regretvt. 后悔；遗憾，惋惜 n. 遗憾；懊悔。常见用法：(1)regret to do sth 遗憾要去做某事regret doing sth 后悔做过某事regretn./pron./doing/having done 后悔做(过)某事regretthat-clause 后悔，遗憾regret to say/tell/inform. 很抱歉地说/告诉/通知its much to be regretted that. 令人遗憾的是(2)to ones regret 令某人遗憾的是with great regret 非常遗憾have no regrets (about doing) (做某事)没有遗憾express regret at sth 对表示遗憾i regret to say i can not come. 我遗憾地告诉你我来不了。i regret spending so much money on a computer. 我后悔花了这么多钱买这台电脑。much to my regret, i am unable to accept your invitation. 很遗憾，我不能接受你的邀请。we heard with great regret that you had failed the examination. 得知你考试不及格，我们深感惋惜。【拓展延伸】regretful adj. 后悔的；抱歉的；惋惜的，遗憾的feel regretful for 对感到后悔regretfully adv. 懊悔地；抱歉地regretless adj. 无悔的，不后悔的；没有遗憾的 【特别注意】regret to do sth表示遗憾要去做某事，do的动作尚未发生，是将来的动作；regret doing sth表示后悔做了某事，do的动作已完成。1. 用括号中所给单词的适当形式填空i regret _(tell) you that i wont be able to attend the ceremony.how i regretted _ (waste) so much time playing before!surprisingly, she didnt feel _ (regret) about her actions.2. 完成句子he regretted _ _ careless.=he regretted _ _ _ _ careless.他对于自己的粗心大意感到懊悔。i regret _ _ you that we are unable to offer you employment. 我遗憾地通知你，我们不能雇用你。_ _ _ _, i must leave now.令我很遗憾的是，我现在必须离开了。we heard _ _ that you were not successful in your plan. 听到你的计划不能顺利进行，我们觉得很可惜。【答案】1. to tell having wasted regretful2. having been; that he had beento informmuch to my regretwith regret10.build up堆积，逐渐增强；建立；开发。常见用法：build up to为做准备build on建立在的基础上i could tell she was building up to some kind of announcement. 我看得出她有什么事情准备向大家宣布。our relationship is built on trust. 我们的关系建立在互相信任的基础上。the new plan will build on the success of the previous programme. 这个新计划将以先前那个方案所取得的成功为基础。写出下列句子中build up的含义1. slowly a thick layer of fat builds up on the pans surface.2. exercise will help build up the muscles.3. they have finally built up a big company.【答案】1. 堆积 2. 逐渐增强 3. 建立4.lead to导致；造成(后果)；通向。同义短语result in。many of these chemicals can lead to cancer or other illnesses. 很多化学成分能导致癌症或其他疾病。特别提醒(1)lead to中的 to为介词，后面跟代词、名词或动名词。类似的词组还有：devote to 致力于，pay a ttention to 对加以注意，object to 反对，stick to 坚持，look forward to 期望，等等。(2)lead to不用于被动语态。(3)lead to是前因后果，而近义短语lie in/result from是前果后因。【拓展延伸】(1)lead sb to do sth 带领某人做某事lead sb in doing sth 带领某人做某事lead sb by the nose牵着某人的鼻子走；完全控制某人lead the way率先lead a(n).life过着的生活(2)in the lead领先take the lead领先，带头 the news leads me to believe that they will come. 这消息使我相信他们会来的。and the prince and the princess led a happy life ever after. 从此，王子和公主过上了幸福的生活。its up to someone to take the lead in condemning these injustices. 得靠某人带个头来谴责这些不公正的行为。1. 用适当的介词填空we firmly believe that war never settles anything. it only leads _violence.our party leads us _ building socialism.2. 完成句子the bank has offered a reward for any information _ the arrest of the men.银行悬赏任何能将这些人绳之以法的情报。what _ acting as a career?是什么让你开始从事演艺事业的？【答案】1. to in2. leading to led you to take up11.focusn. (兴趣、活动等的)中心；焦点v. (使)集中，聚集；(使)聚焦。常见用法：(1)be in focus 焦距对准；清晰be out of focus 焦距没对准；模糊bring sth into focus 把某物集中在焦点上(2)focus ones attention/thoughts/efforts on集中注意力/思想/努力于the focus of attention关注的焦点focus sth on/upon sth=fix.on.使集中于be focused on/upon sth=be fixed on 集中于they focus on keeping their soil rich and free of disease. 他们关心的是保持土壤肥沃且免受病害。please focus your minds on the following problems. 请集中注意力考虑以下问题。her beauty makes her the focus of attention. 她的美貌使她成为众人注目的焦点。【拓展延伸】近义短语：fix ones thoughts/attention on/upon 全神贯注于 pay attention to 注意concentrate on/upon 全神贯注于 be absorbed in专心于be buried in 专心于 be lost in全神贯注于apply oneself to专心，致力于 devote.to.献身于；全身心地投入用focus短语完成句子1. we should _ _ _ _ our study.我们应该把注意力放在学习上。2. she felt all the eyes _ _ _ her.她觉得所有人都在注视着她。【答案】1. focus our attention on2. were focused on12.reducevt. 减少，缩减。常见用法：reduce ones expenditure 减少某人的开支be reduced to despair 陷入绝望reduce to. 降至reduce by. 减少了now the costs of a bike have been reduced to 50 dollars. 现在一辆自行车的成本已降低到50美元。it is proper that housing prices reduce by 10%. 房价降低10%是适当的。完成句子1. he persuaded them to _ the price _ 1,000.他劝服他们把价格降到1 000美元。2. production costs have _ _ _ one third.生产成本下降了1/3。3. he decided to _ _ _.他决定减少自己的开支。【答案】1. reduce; to2. been reduced by3. reduce his expenditure13.keep.free from/of使免受(影响、伤害等)；使不含(有害物)。this also keeps the air, soil, water and crops free from chemicals. 这也能使空气、土壤、水和农作物免受化学物质的污染。【拓展延伸】1. keep 短语：keep away from 避开；不接近keep off (使)不接近；挡开keep up with 跟上，不落后keep.out of使不进入；使置身事外keep.in mind 记住 2. free 短语：free from 没有，免于，无之忧free of 无的；免于的，离开了的free sb/sth from. 使某人/某物自由；解放；释放for free=free of charge 免费地，无偿地be free to do sth 自由地做某事be free with sb 对某人放肆set sb free 释放某人children should be kept away from the river.不要让孩子们靠近这条河。they dont think they must keep up with their neighbors.他们认为不必和邻居比排场。the cook keeps everybody out of kitchen while he is working.厨师干活时，不让任何人进入厨房。1. 用适当的介词或副词填空these fires would keep the homes warm and free _evil spirits.mary tends to keep _from people who try to be friendly too suddenly.2. 完成句子the lake _ pollution.这湖没有污染。the secretary _ all blame for the errors.这些失误完全不能怪秘书。try to _ all prejudices.尽量消除你的一切偏见。【答案】1. fromaway2. is free of was free from free yourself mentn. 评论；议论 vi. 表达意见；做出评论 vt. 评论。常见用法：(1)ask for comment 征求意见make comments on/about 对发表评论no comment. 无可奉告。without comment. 不必多说。(2)comment on/upon.对做出评论；就表达意见comment that.评论he made no comments on our proposal. 他对我们的建议没有作评论。will you resign, minister? 部长，你是要辞职吗？no comment!无可奉告！i commented on his actions and speech without any prejudice. 我评论他的行为，言论丝毫不带偏见。1. 单句填空ford made favorable _ (comment) on the talks held yesterday.he _ (comment) that it was an excellent film.do you have any _ (comment) to make on the recent developments?2. 完成句子he made some useful _ _ my work.他对我的作品做了一些实用的评论。he _ that this book is worth reading.他评论这本书值得看。【答案】1. comments commented comment/comments2. comments on/about comments1. make it+adj./n.+to do sth句型this special strain of rice makes it possible to produce 20% more of the crop in the same fields. 这种特殊的稻种使得同样的田地多收获20%的产量。(教材p10)【句式分析】句中makes it possible to produce 20% more of the crop in the same fields是make it+adj./n.+to do sth结构。【语法重点】make it+adj./n.+to do sth意为使做某事。it是形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的动词不定式。形容词或名词作宾语补足语。trains and buses make it easy to go on a trip. 火车和公共汽车使人们旅行起来很方便。make it a habit to look around youll be surprised at what youve been missing.养成环视四周的习惯你将为你所错过的感到惊讶!【拓展延伸】有类似用法的动词还有find, feel, think, consider等，构成find/feel/think/consider it + adj./n. + 不定式短语句式。we found it not difficult to translate it into english. 我们发现把它译成英语并不困难。she thought it her duty to take care of the baby. 她认为照顾这个婴儿是她的职责。单句改错1. he didnt make clear when and where the meeting would be held.2. i find it difficult to making myself understood.【答案】1. 在make后加it2. making改为make2. 倍数表达法using his hybrid rice, farmers are producing harvests twice as large as before. 用他的杂交水稻(种子)，农民们种出的粮食比以前多了一倍。(教材p10)twice as large as before是倍数表达。【语法重点】表达倍数的常见句式如下：1. 倍数+as+形容词/副词的原级+as.this river is twice as long as that one. 这条河是那条河的两倍长。2. 倍数+形容词/副词的比较级+than.the car runs twice faster than that truck. 这辆小车的速度比那辆卡车快两倍。3. 倍数+the size/height/length/depth.+of.this mountain is four times the height of that hill. 这座山的高度是那座小山的四倍。 4. 形容词/副词的比较级+than.+by+倍数the line is longer than that one by twice. 这条线是那条线的两倍长。单句改错1. after the new technique was introduced, the factory produced tractors in 1988 twice many as the year before.2. the earth is 49 times size of the moon.【答案】1. 在many前加as2. 在size前加the3. have been doing 现在完成进行时 recently, however, scientists have been finding that long-term use of these fertilizers can cause damage to the land and, even more dangerous, to peoples health. 然而，最近科学家发现长期使用这些肥料会造成土地受损，甚至更危险的是，会对人们的健康造成危害。(教材p14)【句式分析】句中的have been finding是现在完成进行时，表示动作从过去某个时间开始，一直持续到现在，并将持续下去。the chinese have been making paper for two thousand years. 中国有2000年的造纸历史。i have been writing a book. 我一直在写一本书。【重点语法】现在完成进行时的用法：1. 构成：主语+助动词（have/has）+been+动词的现在分词+其他成分。2. 基本句型：肯定式 第一人称+have been doing sth.疑问式 have 第一人称+been doing sth.简略回答 yes, 第一人称+have. /no, 第一人称+havent.肯定式 第三人称+has been doing sth.疑问式 has 第三人称+been doing sth.简略回答 yes,第三人称+has. /no,第三人称+hasnt.3. 用法：(1)表示一个在过去开始而在最近刚刚结束的动作。ann is very tired. she has been working hard. 安很累。她工作一直很辛苦。why are your clothes so dirty? what have you been doing? 为什么你的衣服这么脏？你在做什么？(2)表示一个从过去开始但仍在进行的动作。it has been raining for two hours. 已经下了两小时雨了。(现在还在下)jack has been feeling very well recently. 最近杰克感觉很好。(3)表示一个从过去开始延续到现在(可以包括现在在内的一个阶段内)重复发生的动作。she has been playing tennis since she was eight. 她从8岁就开始打网球。标志：1. 句中常有延续性动词，2. 时间点前有since。【特别注意】现在完成时和现在完成进行时的区别：1. 现在完成时强调完成和影响，现在完成进行时强调未完成和动作本身。he has painted the room. 他已经粉刷过房间了。(影响：墙是干净的)he has been painting the room. 他一直在粉刷房间。(还未粉刷完)2. 现在完成时经常表单次动作，现在完成进行时可表重复动作。juice has met the hot girl in the library again. juice在图书馆再次遇到那个性感的女孩。juice has been meeting a hot girl in the library lately. juice近来经常在图书馆遇到一个性感的女孩。3. 现在完成时陈述事实，现在完成进行时表感情色彩。what have you done?你做什么了？(仅是问问)where have you been? i have been waiting for you in the rain for two hours.你去哪儿了？我在雨中等了你两个小时。(不满)4. 表重复时：完成时强调成果，讲次数；完成进行时强调持续，不讲次数。i have sent thirty e-mails this morning. 我今天上午发了三十封电子邮件。i have been sending e-mails this morning. 我今天上午一直在发电子邮件。1. 用括号中所给单词的适当形式填空weve spent too much money recently.well,it isnt surprising. our friends and relatives _(come) around all the time.tom _(work) in the library every night over the last three months.2. why do children hang stockings over the fireplace for presents? as the story goes, to help a poor family, father christmas threw a small bag of gold down the chimney and it fell into a stocking that _up to dry over the fireplace. a. hung b. had hungc. was hanging d. was hanged3. have you graduated from college?yes, _.a. i studied french for two yearsb. i have been studying frenchc. i have studied french for two yearsd. i had studied french for two years【答案】1. have been cominghas been working2. c 【解析】句意：为什么孩子把长筒袜挂在壁炉上面放礼物？正如故事说的，为了帮助穷人，圣诞老人会顺着壁炉扔下一袋金子，它会落在壁炉上面的长筒袜里面。因为是讲述故事里面的