高考英语一轮复习 Unit 3 Life in the future单元知识（含解析）新人教版必修5.doc

unit 3 life in the future 1 aspect n方面；层面【教材原文】(page 17) below are some of the main aspects of life today. 下面是当今生活的主要方面。【常考短语】from every aspect从各个方面in all (its) aspects 全面地eastern culture can play a positive role in this aspect. 东方文化在这方面会起积极作用。he gave us some explanation for the question from every aspect. 他从各个方面就这个问题给了我们一些解释。【跟踪典例】he sold me the car at a cheap price and included the radio _.a. in good relationb. from good aspectc. for good measured. in good spirits【参考答案】c 2 impression n.印象；感想；印记【教材原文】(page 17)first impressions 第一印象【常考短语】make/ leave an impression on sb. 给某人留下印象be under the impression that. 觉得；以为make no impression on 对无影响/效果give sb. a favourable impression给某人以好的印象the new teacher made/left a good impression on the students. 新教师给学生留下了一个好印象。【知识拓展】其动词形式impress的用法：impress 作使（某人）印象深刻时，常用结构有：impress sth. on/upon sb./ impress sb. with sth. 给留下深刻的印象；使铭记。被动语态是：be impressed by/at/with sth.或be impressed on ones mind/memory。i have a good impression of him.我对他的印象很好。the scenery is strongly impressed on me.(主语是物)im strongly impressed with the scenery.(主语是人) 这景色给我留下了极为深刻的印象。【跟踪典例】(1)单句语法填空nicholas left grylls a very deep (impress) because he did the right things in the dangerous situation.she was very (impress) in the interview.she made a good impression his new teacher.i think its important for us to impress visitors a nice looking office.(2)句型转换he impressed us with his courage.we his courage.【参考答案】(1) impressionimpressiveonwith(2)were impressed with/by 3 take up 从事；占(时间、空间、注意力、等)；继续【教材原文】(page 17)i still can not believe that i am taking up this prize that i won last year.我还是无法相信我是在接受去年赢得的这个奖励。this table takes up too much room. 这张桌子太占地方。she has taken up a job as a teacher. 她当上老师了。this chapter takes up where the last one off. 本章继续上一章的内容。【知识拓展】take off脱掉（衣服等）；起飞；打折；作为折扣而减价 take on 承担；雇用；呈现take apart拆开；分开后将分成许多部分take for把视作；误认为 take for granted认为是理所当然take down写下，记下 take back收回(诺言)take over接管；获得对的控制或管理【跟踪典例】1.（2015 陕西）peter will _ his post as the head of the travel agency at the end of next month.a. take up b. put up c. add up d. break up2. helen always helps her mother even though going to school _ most of her day. a. takes up b. makes up c. saves up d. puts up【参考答案】1. a 【解析】句意：peter在这个月底将从事旅行社负责人的职位。take up拿起，开始从事；put up举起；搭建；add up加起来；break up结束；分解。根据句意可知选a。2.a 【解析】句意：海伦总是帮助她的母亲尽管上学占用了她大部分时间。take up占用，符合句意。put up搭建；make up补足，化妆；break up破裂。 4 previous adj.在前的；早先的；先前的；以往的；(时间上)稍前的【教材原文】(page 17)this is similar to the “jet lag” you get from flying，but it seems you keep getting flashbacks from your previous time period.这就与你乘坐飞机会产生时差反应相似，所不同的是，在你的脑子里似乎会不断地闪现以前的时光。previous to leaving for france，he studied a lot about the country. 他启程前往法国之前，对有关法国的事物做了相当多的研究。【知识拓展】previous tobefore 在之前(其中to是介词)previously adv. 先前地；早先【联想助记】“adj.to”短语荟萃(to含有比较的意思)senior to .比(地位/职位/级别)高的junior to . 比(地位/职位/级别)低的inferior to . 比差的superior to . 比更好的；比更高的prior to . 在之前similar to . 与相似【跟踪典例】(1)用所给词的正确形式填空bill gates was (previous) the richest man in the world，but he was moved down from the top in 2010 after he decided to give away $28 billion to charity.(2)完成句子bob me，though he is younger. 鲍勃地位比我高，虽然他比我年轻。she had three daughters . 她在上一次婚姻中有三个女儿。【参考答案】(1) previously (2) is senior to from the previous marriage 5 surroundings n.周围的事物，环境【教材原文】(page 18)at first my new surroundings were difficult to tolerate. 开始的时候，新的环境让我难以忍受。【知识拓展】 surrounding adj.附近的；周围的 surround vt. 环绕；围住 be surrounded by/with. 被围着/包围 surround sth./sb.with/by sth. 以包围或环绕某人/某物after the explosion the army sealed off the surrounding area. 爆炸发生后，军队封锁了周围地区。he likes to surround himself with beautiful things.他喜欢生活在美的环境中。【易混辨析】surroundings/environmentsurroundings专指自然环境，从周围的事物这一客体着眼environment可指自然环境，也可指精神环境，均从环境对人的感受、道德及观念的影响着眼【跟踪典例】(1)用surrounding(s)，environment填空children need a happy home for their healthy growth.animals in zoos are not happier than those in their natural .gradually the farmland turned residence.(2)用surround的正确形式填空another 2,000 people have settled in the area.the working conditions and are so excellent here.when the car stopped in the town square，it by soldiers. zx*xk【参考答案】(1) environment surroundings surrounding(2) surrounding surroundings was surrounded 6 tolerate vt.容忍，忍受【教材原文】(page 18)at first my new surroundings were difficult to tolerate. 开始的时候，新的环境让我难以忍受。【知识拓展】tolerate (doing) sth.容忍(做)某事 cant bear/stand (doing)sth. 无法忍受(做)某事 put up with 容忍；忍受tolerable adj. 可容忍的tolerance n. 容忍；忍受tolerant adj. 容忍的；宽容的 be tolerant of/towards sb./sth.对某人/某事宽容the school cant tolerate cheating in exams. 学校绝不容许考试舞弊。a wise man has tolerance for other peoples opinions. 一个明智的人要能够容忍别人的意见。perhaps you need to be tolerant of your neighbors. 或许你应该对你的邻居宽容些。her own mistakes made her very tolerant of/towards (the faults of) others. 她因自己有错误，对别人(的错误)就概不计较了。he cant tolerate being laughed at. 他忍受不了被别人取笑。【跟踪典例】(1)用所给动词的正确形式填空it was hard for her (tolerate) the noisy noise in the party.she refused to tolerate (call) a liar.the heart is not conquered by force，but by love and (tolerate). (2)单句改错most of them are tolerant for things american youth would never accept. 【参考答案】(1) to tolerate being called tolerance(2) for of 7 lack n. & vt. 缺乏【教材原文】(page 18)hit by a lack of fresh air，my head ached. 由于缺乏新鲜空气，我感到头痛。【语法精讲】(1)lack n. 缺乏 常考短语: for lack of. 因缺少 a lack of. 缺少 have no lack of. 不缺乏(2)lack (for) sth. 缺少某物(3)lacking adj. 短缺的；缺乏的 be lacking in 缺少they are so rich that they lack for nothing. 他们非常富裕，什么也不缺。he did not finish his schooling for lack of money. 由于缺钱，他没有完成学业。a diet lacking in nutritional value will not keep a person healthy. 缺乏营养价值的饮食不能维持人的健康。【跟踪典例】完成句子1. 他虽然经验不足，但还是获得了这份工作。despite his lack _ experience，he got the job.2. 这些植物因缺水而枯死。the plants died _ lack of water.【参考答案】1.of2.for【特别提示】 lack作及物动词时不能用于被动语态；lack作不及物动词时，后常与介词for或in连用；lack作名词时后常与介词of连用。 8 adjustment n调整；调节【教材原文】(page 18) just as i tried to make the necessary adjustment to this new situation，wang ping appeared.就在我努力地调整自己去适应新环境时，王平出现了。moving to the city has been a difficult adjustment for us. 搬到城市里住对我们来说是个艰难的适应过程。【知识拓展】make an adjustment to 对做出调整adjust sth.to sth. 使某事适合某事；适应某事adjust oneself to 使自己适应adjust to 适应according to the present situation，he had to make an adjustment to his plan. 根据现在的形势，他只好调整计划。the body quickly adjusts (itself) to changes in temperature. 身体迅速(自行)调节以适应气温的变化。he soon adjusted himself to the new life. 他很快就适应了新的生活。【跟踪典例】完成句子(1)the body quickly in the temperature. 身体迅速(自行)调节以适应气温的变化。(2)watch out for sharp bends and accordingly. 当心急转弯并相应调整车速。(3)we find it necessary. 我们觉得有必要对计划作调整。【参考答案】(1) adjusts (itself) to changes(2) adjust your speed(3)to make an adjustment / adjustments to the plan 9 be/get back on ones feet (困境后)恢复；完全复原；重新振作；东山再起【教材原文】(page 18) soon i was back on my feet again and following him to collect a hovering carriage driven by computer.一会儿我就又恢复了，跟着他去领取了一台由电脑驱动的气垫车。【知识拓展】struggle to ones feet挣扎着站起来get/rise to ones feet站起jump to ones feet跳起，一跃而起keep ones feet站住脚跟；站稳under ones feet阻碍某人；碍手碍脚stand on ones own feet独立自主；自食其力if we carry out these orders，we shall be able to keep our feet. 如果我们执行这些命令，就能站稳脚跟。 she complains that her small children are always under her feet when she is doing her housework. 她抱怨说在做家务时孩子们总是碍手碍脚的。 【跟踪典例】完成句子(1)my grandpa again after his operation. 我爷爷手术后又恢复健康了。(2)you need again and forget all this. 你需要重新站起来，忘掉这所有的一切。(3)young people must learn . 年轻人应当学着自食其力。 (4)he from the chair. 他吃力地从椅子上站了起来。(5)the crowd ，cheering wildly. 群众都站了起来，热烈地欢呼。【参考答案】(1) was back on his feet (2) to get back on your feet(3) to stand on their own feet (4) struggled to his feet(5) rose to their feet 10 lose sight of. 看不见【教材原文】(page 18)however，i lost sight of wang ping when we reached what looked like a large market because of too many carriages flying by in all directions. 可是，当我们到达一个看上去像大市场的地方时，由于太多车子朝四面八方飞奔，我看不见王平了。【短语归纳】come into sight 进入视野内；映入眼帘 catch sight of.望见；看到 at first sight 乍一看 at the sight of 看到 out of sight 看不到；在视野之外 in/within sight在视野内，在视线内【跟踪典例】完成句子1. 眼不见，心不烦。 out _ sight，out of mind. 2. 最后他总算在远处看见了那个年轻人穿的淡色外套。finally he _ the young mans light overcoat in the distance.【参考答案】1.of 2.caught sight of 11 sweep up 打扫，横扫【教材原文】(page 18) he was swept up into the centre of them. 他被卷入到这群车队中去了。he was left to sweep up the bits of paper and broken glass. 他被留下来清扫那些纸屑和破碎的玻璃。【短语归纳】sweep away冲走，卷走；把一扫而空sweep out打扫干净；清扫干净(房间等)sweep through 席卷；使掠过【跟踪典例】用sweep短语的正确形式填空(1)the dustman the fallen leaves on this street from 6 to 8 that morning.(2)many bridges by the flood.(3)did you the closet last week? (4)the news the village like fire.【参考答案】(1) had been sweeping up(2) were swept away(3) sweep out(4) swept through 12 switch nc开关；转换vt.& vi.(使)转换【教材原文】(page 18) then wang ping flashed a switch on a computer screen，and a table and some chairs rose from under the floor as if by magic. 然后王平在电脑荧屏上的开关上闪了一下，于是一张桌子和几把椅子就像变魔术般从地板下面升了起来。【知识拓展】switch off 切断(电流、气体等)switch on 打开(开关)；接通(电流等)switch to 切换到；转到；转变成switch from to 从改为，从从转换到switch over 改用；换用switch sth.with sb. 和某人交换某物switch sth.from sth. 从某物转变到某物switch off the tv before you go out. 你出门前要把电视关掉。they switched the location of the movie to hawaii. 他们把这部电影的拍摄地换为夏威夷。he secretly switched to a different company. 他秘密地跳槽到别的公司。【跟踪典例】用适当的介、副词填空(1)they switched their speech a more interesting subject.(2)he sat down on the sofa and switched the tv to watch news programmes.(3)you drive first and then well switch .【参考答案】(1) to (2) on (3) over13.speed up 加速（反义短语slow down 减速，慢下来）【教材原文】（page 20）when we wanted the hovering carriage to speed up当我们想让气垫车加速时【知识拓展】at a speed of 以的速度 with great/all speed快速地/尽快地 speed by很快地过去，飞逝 at full/top speed 以全/最高速 speed limit/restriction 限速 reduce speed 减速 pick up speed 加速he drove at a speed of sixty miles per hour. 他以每小时60英里的速度开车。once outside the station，the train began to pick up speed. 一出车站，火车就开始加速。he caught a glimpse of the drivers face as the car speeded by 汽车飞驰而过时，他瞥见了司机的脸。【跟踪典例】完成句子1. 警车以每小时100英里的速度追赶前面那辆卡车。the police car is running _ a speed of 100 miles per hour to chase after the truck ahead.2. 他们已经加快了新汽车的生产。they _ _ _ the production of the new car.【参考答案】1.at 2.have speeded up14 instant adj.立即的，立刻的 n. c (一般用单数)瞬间，片刻；某一时刻【教材原文】（page 22）you place the metal band over your head，clear your mind，press the sending button，think your message and the next instant its sent.你把金属带放在头上，整理思路，按下发送键，集中精神想着你要发送的信息，片刻功夫信息就发送出去了。【归纳拓展】 at that instant 当时，那一刻 for an instant 一会儿，片刻 in an instantinstantly 立刻，马上 the instant从句instantly从句表示一就(用作连词，引导时间状语从句)his new book became an instant success once published. 他的新书一经出版就大获成功。people in the earthquake-stricken area are in instant need of help. 地震灾区的人们需要紧急援助。the instant i reached the platform，the train began to move. 我一到站台，火车就开动了。【图形助记】 the instant you turn it on，youll get boiling water from our instant boiling water tap. 你一打开它，我们的即热水龙头就会为你提供开水。【联想助记】“一就”表达法聚焦名词词组：the minute，the second，the moment，the instant连词：immediately，directly，as soon asno sooner .than .，hardly/scarcely .when.(如果hardly，scarcely或no sooner置于句首，主句必须倒装)介词：upon/on动名词/名词短语：at the sight of(一看到就)，at the thought of(一想起就)【跟踪典例】完成句子1. 他马上脱掉衣服跳进水里去救那个小孩。_ an instant, he took off his coat and jumped into the water to save the boy.2. 我一时以为他要拒绝。just _ an instant i thought he was going to refuse.3. 我一看见他就认出他正是警方在寻找的那个人。_ i saw him i knew he was the man the police were looking for.【参考答案】 1.in2.for3.instantly/the instant (that)15 greedy adj. 贪吃的，贪婪的；贪心的 greed n. 贪心，贪婪【教材原文】（page 22）a giant machine, always greedy for more, swallows all the waste available. 一架巨大的机器，能把所有获得的废弃物都吞进去，而且总是贪得无厌。be greedy for power/knowledge/fame 渴望得到权力/知识/名声be greedy to do sth. 渴望/贪图做某事it is/was greedy of sb. to do sth. 做某事对某人来说真是贪婪they are greedy for profits. 他们利欲熏心。the little girl is greedy to have more knowledge. 这个小女孩渴望获得更多的知识。it was greedy of them to take such bribes. 他们收受了那些贿赂，真是贪婪。【跟踪典例】完成句子。1. 很多人都渴望得到钱。many people are greedy _ money. 2. 他用贪婪的眼光盯着钱。he stared at the money _ _ _. 3. 他的利欲熏心使他缺少朋友。his _ _ _ makes him lack friends. 【参考答案】1. for 2. in greedy eyes 3. greed for profits16 swallow vt.吞下；咽下n.吞；咽；燕子【教材原文】（page 22）a giant machine, always greedy for more, swallows all the waste available. 一架巨大的机器，能把所有获得的废弃物都吞进去，而且总是贪得无厌。【归纳拓展】swallow up (常用被动)卷进；吞没；花光(钱)，耗尽swallow ones pride/words放下架子；承认说错了话i threw a piece of meat to the dog and he swallowed it in one go. 我给狗扔了一块肉，它一口就把它吞下去了。one swallow does not make a summer. 谚语一燕不成夏。the man swallowed up everything on the table. 那人把桌子上的东西全部吃了。【图形助记】图文趣解swallow the little swallow swallowed the worm his mother gave him. 小燕子吞掉了他母亲给的虫子。【跟踪典例】写出下列句子中划线部分的汉语意思(1)the pills should be swallowed whole. (2)he told me i wouldnt pass the exam but im determined to make him swallow his words. (3)the countryside is gradually being swallowed up by new developments. (4)he swallowed all the criticism without saying anything. 【参考答案】（1）吞服（2）承认说错了话（3）被吞噬 （4）默默忍受17 settlement n.定居；解决【教材原文】（page 22）however，the companies have to train their representatives to live and work in space settlements.但是，这些公司必须培训他们的代表在太空中生活和工作。【归纳拓展】come to/reach a settlement 解决；决定；达成协议/和解settlement to.的解决方案settle v.解决；定居；和解settle down 定居下来；舒适地坐下(或躺下)；专心于settle on选定；决定settler n.移民；殖民者earlier this year，under the mediation of the court，the two sides came to a settlement. 今年年初，在法庭的调解下，双方达成和解。【跟踪典例】用settle或其短语的正确形式填空(1)on the first night we stopped over in a small .(2)i must this morning and finish the term paper.(3)we must a place to meet.(4)generally speaking，its quite a fair .(5)the villagers in the new and became new there.【参考答案】(1) settlement(2) settle down (3) settle on(4) settlement (5) settled; settlement; settlers18 motivation n.动机【教材原文】（page 22）my motivation increased as i thought of the wonderful world of the future.当我想到这个奇妙的未来世界时，我兴趣倍增、干劲十足。【归纳拓展】motivate vt.成为的动机；激发，激励motivate sb. (to do.) 激起某人(做)examinations do not motivate a student to seek more knowledge. 考试不能激发学生去追求更多的知识。【跟踪典例】用所给动词的正确形式填空(1) the stronger the (motivate) for acquiring language skills is，the more quickly a language beginner will learn.(2) (motivate) by love，he expected nothing in return.(3)his desire for greatness motivated him (work) harder every day.【参考答案】(1) motivation(2) motivated(3) to work19 stare at 盯着【教材原文】（page 22）i stared at the moving model of the waste machine，absorbed by its efficiency.我注视着缓缓移动的垃圾分解机器模型，为它的成效所吸引。【易混辨析】stare at/glare at/look at/glance at(1)stare at指睁大眼睛出神地盯着看、凝视，多表示惊讶、好奇、羡慕之情。 (2)glare at表示“怒视”，强调敌对或威胁的态度。(3)look at指有意地、集中注意力地看，没有任何感情色彩，其目的是为了看见想看的东西。(4)glance at指匆匆一瞥，强调看的时间短暂。 【跟踪典例】用stare at/glare at/look at/glance at的正确形式填空(1)i this problem from a different viewpoint. (2) the watch，she told him the time.(3)he the words in complete puzzlement. (4)“you can go if you want，but im staying，” denise said, him.【参考答案】（1）looked at (2) glancing at (3) stared at (4) glaring at1 sth.beadj.to do.【教材原文】(page 18) at first my new surroundings were difficult to tolerate. 开始的时候，新的环境让我难以忍受。本句是“主语beadj.to do”句型，该句型中的形容词多为表示主语的性质、特征的词，如easy，difficult，hard，important等。此句型中：不定式和句子主语是逻辑上的动宾关系，但用主动形式表被动含义。不定式有时会带上自己的逻辑主语(for sb.)。不定式接不及物动词时，其后跟相应的介词。the story is very interesting to read. 这篇故事读起来很有趣。sending messages to take part in the programme is not easy for the old to do. 对老人来说，发短信参与节目很难。【跟踪典例】完成句子（1）这个来自东北的女孩很好相处。 the girl from northeast of china .（2）他说这个问题不难对付。 he said that the problem 【参考答案】（1）is easy to get on with（2）was not difficult to deal with2 as if/though 引导方式状语从句【教材原文】(page 18) the air seemed thin，as though its combination of gases had little oxygen left.空气似乎很稀薄，好像混合气体中剩下的氧气很少。 as though/if“好像；似乎”，引导方式状语从句。(1)as though/if引导方式状语从句，还可用在be，look，seem，sound，taste，smell，feel等系动词后面，引导表语从句。(2)as though/if后面除了跟句子外，还可以跟名词、动词不定式、形容词(短语)、介词短语和分词。(3)若as though/if引导的从句所表示的内容与事实不符，则使用虚拟语气。若表示与现在事实相反，从句