高考英语一轮复习 Unit 5 First aid单元知识（含解析）新人教版必修5.doc

unit 5 first aid 1. aid；fall ill first aid is a temporary form of help given to someone who suddenly falls ill or gets injured before a doctor can be found.急救就是在找到医生之前对突然生病或受伤的人提供的一种临时的救助。 (教材p33) aidn.& vt. 帮助；援助；资助。常见的搭配 with the aid of.在的帮助下 in aid of sth./sb. 以支援或帮助某物/某人 be a great aid to sb. 对某人有极大的帮助 with the aid of sb.with sb.s aid在某人的帮助下 come to ones aid 来帮助某人aid sb with sth以某物帮助某人aid sb in (doing) sth在某方面帮助某人aid sb to do sth帮助某人做某事he aided me in business/ with money. 他在事业上/金钱方面帮助我。i aided her to continue her study. i aided her in continuing her study. 我帮助她继续做研究。one of the station staff saw he was in difficulty and came to his aid. 一位车站工作人员见他有困难，便过来帮忙。im collecting money in aid of starving children. 为了帮助饥饿的孩子们，我正在筹款。 aid一般用作不可数名词，意为“急救，帮助”；用作可数名词时，则意为“辅助性的工具”。【跟踪典例】 (1)介词填空he gets up very early in order to aid his mother _ having breakfast.thank you for aiding me _ the work._the aid of a compass the traveler can find his bearings (方位).he was too busy to come _ my aid.they are collecting money _ aid of rareearth research.(2)完成句子the collection is _. 这笔募集的钱是用来救济盲人的。teachers give their lessons _. 老师依靠电脑来授课。my professor _ me _/with my study. 我的教授帮助我继续作研究。im collecting money _. 为帮助饥饿的孩子们，我正在搞募捐。_，we have made great progress this term. 在老师们的帮助下，这学期我们已经取得了巨大的进步。an englishchinese dictionary is _ in learning english. 一本英汉词典是学习英语的重要帮手。【答案】(1)inwithwithtoin(2)in aid of the blindwith the aid of computersaided；to continuein aid of starving childrenwith the aid of our teachersan important aid fall ill生病john hasnt recovered yet since he fell ill last week. 约翰上周生病了，尚未康复。he was just falling asleep when there was a loud knock at the door. 他正要入睡时突然有大声的敲门声。【归纳拓展】其中fall为连系动词，表示“变成；进入(某状态)”。fall asleep入睡，睡着 fall behind 落后；掉队fall silent 安静下来 fall off 跌落fall down 跌倒fall in love with sb./sth. 爱上某人(某物)fall into the habit of 养成某种习惯【易混辨析】fall ill / be illfall ill: 强调突然病倒，是短暂性动词短语，不能与表示一段时间的时间状语连用be ill: 表示生病的状态，是延续性动词短语，可与表示一段时间的时间状语连用【跟踪典例】 (1)用fall ill，be ill的适当形式填空having been working too hard in the last few months，he _ suddenly.her husband _for a long time and is unable to work.(2)完成句子since the boss of the company _，he _ for almost three months. 自从公司老板突然生病以来，他一直病着并待在医院里几乎三个月了。he didnt _ in his studies. 他不想在学习上落后。he_ when we mentioned this subject. 当我们提到这个话题时他沉默了。its very easy to _smoking，but extremely difficult to stop. 养成吸烟的习惯很容易，但要戒掉却很难。if i hadnt got soaked a few days ago，i _ with flu.(fall) 如果前几天我不淋雨，我就不会感冒生病。【答案】(1)fell illhas been ill(2)fell ill suddenly；has been ill and stayed in hospitalwant to fall behindfell silentfall into the habit ofwouldnt have fallen ill2. injury often the illness or injury is not serious，but there are other times when giving first aid quickly can save lives.通常情况下这些患者的伤病都不太严重，但有些时候，给予紧急援助能挽救人的生命。 (教材p33)n.c，u损伤；伤害he escaped from the accident without injury. 他从事故中逃脱而没有受伤。the best way for an injury is to forget it. 遗忘是疗伤的最好药品。【归纳拓展】(1)do sb.an injury(do an injury to sb.)伤害某人be an injury/injuries to sb./sth.对某人/某物的伤害(2)injure v.使受伤；损害；伤害(感情)(3)injured adj.受伤的 the injured伤员【易混辨析】hurt / injure / harm / woundhurt指肉体和心理的疼痛，如剧痛的创伤，或情感的伤害。injure指在意外事故中受伤，如骨折，摔伤等。harm指对人或事物造成危害，这种危害不一定是直接的，也一定有疼痛。wound一般指严重的外伤，主要指在战场上 受枪弹伤害。【跟踪典例】 (1)用hurt / injure / harm / wound的不同形式填空/单项填空。smoking less wont _ you.in the war of gaza area, many innocent children and women _ in the heads.many passengers were badly _ in the accident.he fell down and _ his arm.i count myself lucky to have escaped from the accident without serious .a. crime b. disaster c. infection d. injury(2)完成句子with _，theres no way that he can win the game.(injure) 他左腿受伤了，他不可能赢得这场比赛。what you said was _to her fame. 你所说的有损她的名声。after _ in the fighting，he was caught in an accident and his car _ but he himself was not _. 在战斗中负伤后，他又发生了事故，汽车被损坏，但他自己并没有受伤。【答案】 (1)harm wounded injured hurt d【解析】句意：我很荣幸没有受伤能够逃出了事故。此处指意外事故，故用hurt。(2)his left leg injuredinjurybeing wounded；was damaged；injured3. poison poisonous adj. 有毒的 you have three layers of skin which act as a barrier against disease，poisons and the suns harmful rays. 皮肤有三层，作为屏障可以防病、防毒、抵制太阳有害光线的侵害。 (教材p33)n.毒药；有害之物vt.毒死；下毒；败坏。常见的搭配poison ones mind with.用毒害某人的思想poison sth.with sth. 用污染/伤害poison sb./sth.to death 毒死某人(物)these ideas are a poison in our society. 这些思想是我们社会的祸害。industrial wastes are poisoning the air of our city. 工业废弃物在污染着我们城市的空气。some online games are poisoning childrens health，both physically and mentally. 有些网络游戏在毒害孩子们的身心健康。【跟踪典例】 完成句子some mushrooms contain _. 有些蘑菇含有致命毒素。his dog has _. 他的狗已被毒死。they have threatened _. 他们威胁说要在这座城市的饮用水中下毒。do you believe that television _ of our children? 你认为电视在毒害我们的孩子们的思想吗？their minds _. 他们的头脑已经被金钱毒化了。【答案】a deadly poison been poisoned to deathto poison the citys drinking is poisoning the mindshas been poisoned by money4. over and over again反复；多次for second degree burns，keep cloths cool by putting them back in a basin of cold water，squeezing them out and placing them on the burned area over and over again for about an hour until the pain is not so bad.对于二度烧伤，要保持湿布清凉。需把湿布放回冷水盆中，拧出水后再放在烧伤面上，这样要反反复复地做一个小时左右，直到不太痛时为止。(教材p34)my teacher has told me over and over again not to get addicted to computer games. 我的老师已多次告诉我不要沉迷于电脑游戏。he read the poem over and over again till he could recite it. 他一遍又一遍地朗读那首诗，直到他会背为止。【归纳拓展】 (1)over and over一再，反复 again and again 反复，一再 time and(time)again 多次，一再(2)once again 再一次【跟踪典例】 完成句子i told the students _ to study hard. 我一再告诉学生们要努力学习。i have warned you _. 我已多次告诫过你不要做那件事。the teacher told us _ again. 老师告诉我们再读一遍课文。【答案】again and againover and over again/again and again not to do it to read the text(once)5. in place在适当的位置；适当hold the bandage in place with tape.用胶布把绷带固定。(教材p35)the librarian put the returned books in place. 图书管理员把还回的图书放到原处。i dont think your suggestion quite in place. 我认为你的建议不是很恰当。【归纳拓展】(1)in place of代替 in ones place 在某人的位置上 in the first place 首先 out of place 不合适；在不恰当的位置 from place to place 到处(2)take place 发生 take the place of 代替 take ones place 就职位；代替某人的位置 give place to sb. 让位给某人【跟踪典例】 完成句子youd better put things back _.otherwise，it will be difficult to find things. 你最好把东西放回原处，不然很难找到。i think _ to put forward your ideas at the meeting. 我认为在会上提出你的观点是合适的。an fatal accident _at this cross three years ago. 这个十字路口三年前发生了一起死亡事故。his arty clothes look _. 他的奇装异服，在办公室里很不搭调。the grownups had coffee but the children wanted milk _. 成人喝咖啡，而小孩子要的牛奶而不是咖啡。electric trains _ steam trains in britain. 在英国，电气火车已经代替了蒸汽火车。in case of my absence，_？ 万一我不能来，谁来顶替我？【答案】in place it in place took place out of place in the officein place of coffee have taken the place of who will take my place6. vital if the injuries are second or third degree burns，it is vital to get the victim to the doctor or hospital at once.如果是二度或者三度烧伤，至关重要的是把伤者立刻送去看医生或送往医院。(教材p35)adj.至关重要的；生死攸关的。常见的搭配： be vital to/for.对很重要 it is vital that. 重要的是(从句中谓语需用“shoulddo”，should可省略) it is vital to do sth. 做某事很重要 be of vital importance 至关重要的this matter is of vital importance to us. 这件事对我们来说至关重要。its vital that we (should)carry out the operation immediately. 我们应立即开始手术，因为这是生死攸关的。【名师点津】“it is vital that主语(should)do”属于“it isadj.that主语(should)do”句型，能够用于此句型的其他的常见形容词还有：important，essential，necessary，natural，strange等。【跟踪典例】 完成句子your support _ of my plan. 你的支持对我的计划的成功关系重大。it is _ good education. 重要的是孩子们要受到良好的教育。accident can happen anytime，anywhere；therefore it is vital _ insurance on our cars.(have) 事故可能随时随地发生，所以我们拥有汽车保险至关重要。it is strange _. 他来这里真有点怪。it is necessary _. 有必要他和我们一起去那里。it is vital _. 使他的生活有序很重要。his support for our project is _. 他对我们计划的支持是至关重要的。interest is _ as the ability to understand，even more so. 兴趣对于学习来说和理解力一样重要，甚至更重要。【答案】is vital to/for the successvital that children (should) receive that we(should)havethat he(should)come herethat he (should) go there with us to keep his life in order of vital importanceas vital to learning7. knock over打翻；撞倒；撞翻 sam knocked over a kettle full of boiling water onto his legs.萨姆撞翻了一壶开水，洒在了腿上。(教材p35)the boy hurried to the door to greet his mother and knocked a chair over. 男孩匆匆忙忙去门口迎接母亲，把一把椅子撞翻了。it was john that knocked over the bottle. 是约翰把那个瓶子打翻的。【归纳拓展】knock at/on敲(门、窗等)knock against 撞到之上knock into 与相撞；偶然碰到(某人)knock down 撞倒；拆除knock off 停止；中断；降价knock out 击败，把敲出来，使昏迷【名师点津】 knock over的宾语是名词时可放中间或后面，代词作宾语时必须放在knock和over之间。【跟踪典例】 完成句子a big dog came running round the corner and _. 一只大狗由街角跑来，把他撞倒了。in the fight，the thief_ the policeman. 在格斗中，窃贼把警察打昏了。_ at six oclock after studying for four hours. 学习了4个小时后，我在6点停止学习了。in the darkness he _ something. 在黑暗中他撞上了一样东西。i _ an old friend of mine in the park. 我昨天在公园里碰见一位老朋友。someone _ the door. 有人在敲门。【答案】knocking him over/down knocked out knocked offknocked against knocked into is knocking at8. pick off去除；剪掉；摘去；撕掉 her husband took off her blouse and picked off bits of the blouse stuck to the burn.她的丈夫脱下她的衬衣，还把粘在伤口上的碎布拉了下来。(教材p35)pick off all the dead leaves off the flower. 把这棵花上的枯叶全部摘掉。dont pick off any of the flowers. 这些花一朵也不要摘。【归纳拓展】pick up 捡起，拾起；(偶然)学会；收听(节目等)；恢复； 让人乘车，搭载pick out 挑选出；认出来，辨别出【跟踪典例】(1)写出下列句子中pick短语的含义im going to pick out a few books to send to some friends in south china._i am able to pick you up on the short wave radio._can you pick out the right one？_the children picked up many sea shells at the seashore. _he picked up his crying child._in that way ill be able to pick up some theoretical knowledge too._well send the ambulance to pick him up._(2)完成句子they are _ over the radio. 他们正从收音机上听新闻。she _ the old picture on the wall. 她把墙上的旧画撕了下来。the bus _ outside the airport. 公共汽车在机场外接乘客。she _ from dozens of applicants for the job. 她从大批的求职者中被选中承担这项工作。【答案】(1)挑选 收听 看出，找出 捡起 抱起 偶然学会 接走(2)picking up the news picked off picks up passengers was picked out9. present john was presented with his award at a ceremony which recognized the bravery of ten people who had saved the life of another.在颁奖大会上，约翰被授予奖赏。大会共表彰了抢救他人生命的十个人的勇敢行为。vt.颁发，授予，赠给；呈献，呈递；呈现，展现the city presented a new look. 城市呈现出了崭新的气象。the children presented the flowers to their teachers. 孩子们给他们的老师献花。【归纳拓展】(1)present sb.with sth. present sth.to sb.把某物授予/颁发/赠给某人(2)present adj.出席的，在场的(用作表语或后置定语)；现在的，当前的(作前置定语)(3)present n.礼物，赠品；现在，目前【跟踪典例】 (1)写出下列句子中present的含义the present headmaster presented each of the graduates present with a diploma._they are talking the past，the present and the future. _ill make you a present of my old car._(2)完成句子the mayor _ a gold cup. 市长把金杯授予了获胜者。the headmaster _ the prizes _ the winners of the english speech contest. 校长把奖品颁给了英语演讲比赛获胜者。the children unwrapped their _ with delight. 孩子们高兴地把圣诞礼物拆开。【答案】(1)当前的；颁发；出席的；在场的 现在，目前礼物(2)presented the winner with presented；to christmas presents10. treat john used these to treat the most severe injuries to ms slades hands.约翰就用这些东西把斯莱德女士手上最严重的伤口包扎起来。vt. & vi.治疗；对待；款待n.c款待；招待；请客he is seriously ill，and is being treated in hospital now. 他病得很重，现在在医院接受治疗。he took us to the cinema as a treat.他请我们看电影。my mother treated my advice as a joke.母亲把我的建议当玩笑看待。let me treat you to a good meal.我来招待你吃顿好饭。【归纳拓展】(1)treat sb.well/badly善待/虐待某人 treat.as/like当作来对待 treat sb.to.请某人；款待某人(2)this is/its ones treat.某人请客。(3)treatmentn.对待，治疗 under treatment在接受治疗【易混辨析】treat/cure/heal(1)treat治疗，指通过药物、特别的食品或运动治疗病人，强调治疗过程。treat sb.for sth. 医治某人的病。(2)cure治疗，治愈，指病后恢复健康，后接表示疾病的名词或代词，多用于cure sb. of sth. “医治某人的病”。另外，cure还可作“矫正，纠正”解，借喻消除社会上某 种不良现象或个人恶习等。(3)heal(伤口或断骨)愈合，复原，多指创伤，也可指矛盾，分歧等。【跟踪典例】 (1)写出下列句子中treat的词性及含义the injured children are still being treated in hospital._when they treat me as a person with selfdiscipline，i show more willingness to listen to them._my father took me to the circus as a treat._(2)完成句子this was the first time i_ such respect. 我是第一次受到这样的礼遇。which doctor is _ this trouble? 哪个大夫在给你治这个病？i am now in my twenties，but my parents still_. 我现在20多岁了，但父母仍然把我当成孩子一样对待。_ a glass of beer to help you relax. 自己喝杯啤酒放松一下吧。【答案】(1)动词，治疗 动词，对待 名词，请客，款待(2)had been treated with treating you fortreat me like/as a child treat yourself to11. apply he slowed the bleeding by applying pressure to the wounds until the police and ambulance arrived.他使劲地按住伤口，使血流得慢些，一直等到警察和救护车的到来。vt.涂；敷；搽；应用；运用vi.申请；请求；适用；有效the nurse is applying some medicine to his wound.护士正在给他的伤口敷药。you would pass your exams if you applied yourself to your study.如果你专心学习，你就会通过考试。he wants to apply for the volunteer work.他想申请这份志愿者工作。i want to apply to work as a teacher.我想申请当一名教师。【归纳拓展】(1)apply sth.to sth.把贴、涂、敷在上；将运用到上 apply(to sb.)for sth.(向某人)申请某物 apply to.有效，适用于 apply oneself to(doing)sth.专心于；致力于(2)application n.请求，申请；申请表；应用，运用；施用；敷用(3)applicant n.申请者，请求者 【跟踪典例】 (1)写出下列句子中apply的含义you may apply in person or by letter._at last he applied a little wax polish(蜡光剂)._the dog lying on the road，he applied his brake quickly._the new discovery may be applied in medicine._(2)完成句子you cant _ every case. 这个规则并不能适用于所有的状况。he wants to _ for london olympic games. 他想申请伦敦奥运会的志愿者工作。the new comer _ the job. 新来的职员工作专心致志。we had to _ financial help. 我们只好向政府申请财务援助。the girl _ carefully. 这个女孩在他的伤口上小心翼翼地涂上药。【答案】(1)申请 涂；敷 使用 运用，应用(2)apply this rule to apply for the volunteer work applied himself toapply to the government for applied medicine to his wound12. too much太多，过多.it prevents your body from losing too much water.它防止你体内的水分过多流失the work is much too hard for us. 这工作对我们来说太难了。【归纳拓展】(1)too much太多，过多，可作形容词，只能接不可数名词；如果要跟可数名词，只能用 too many。too much还可作副词，修饰动词；用作名词短语，作主语、表语或宾语。(2)much too表示“太”，后面不能跟名词，只能跟形容词或副词。【跟踪典例】 (1)完成句子perhaps caused the dinosaurs to die out. 或许太多的争斗使得恐龙灭绝了。in western countries，parents would not like their kids to others help. 在西方国家里，父母们不愿意自己的孩子太多地依赖别人的帮助。some parents are . 一些父母对孩子实在是太严厉了。(2)单句改错 he always charges me too many for his goods.【答案】(1)too much fighting depend too much on much too strict with their children(2)many-much13. belong to属于，归所有the temple surrounded by a wall belongs to the local government.被墙包围的庙宇属于当地政府。 dont take things that do not belong to you. 不要拿不属于你的东西。【名师点津】belong to属于，归所有，无被动语态也不能用于进行时态。【跟踪典例】 (1)用所给动词的正确形式填空 there is no doubt that these cultural relics (belong) to the state should be returned to their state.(2)单句改错 china is a country belongs to the third world. 【答案】(1)belonging (2) belongsbelonging或belongs前加which/that14. a number of若干；许多he immediately asked a number of nearby people for bandages，but when nobody could put their hands on any，his father got some tea towels and tape from their house.他立即问旁边的一些人要绷带，但当他们都没找到绷带的时候，他的父亲从屋里拿出一些擦杯盘的布和胶带来。a number of problems have arisen. 已经出现了许多问题。we met a number of difficulties in the first week.第一周我们遇到了很多困难。【归纳拓展】 a number of用来修饰可数名词的复数形式。在number之前可用great，large，small，good等修饰。该短语在句中作主语时，谓语动词需要用复数形式。表示许多的还有：【易混辨析】a number of可数名词复数，谓语用复数，意为“许多，大量的”the number of可数名词复数，谓语用单数，意为“的数目”【名师点津】an amount of/a quantity ofn.作主语时，谓语动词用第三人称形式。amounts of/quantities ofn.作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。【跟踪典例】 (1)选词填空(a number of，the number of)_books published on the subject is simply amazing._ wellqualified teachers left the school recently._ teachers are present today，_ whom is 300.(2)完成句子_ problems _. 出现了许多问题。_ tourists _ to this city，but _ tourist attractions _. 很多的游客来到这个城市，但是旅游景点很有限。they have raised _ to help the poor. 他们已经募捐了大量资金救助那些贫困的人。【答案】(1)the number of a number of a number of；the number of(2)a great numb