高考英语一轮复习 考点通关练 专题三 阅读理解 考点十六 科普研究类.doc

考点十六科普研究类a限时7分a small piece of fish each day may keep the heart doctor away. thats the finding of a study of dutch men in which deaths from heart disease were more than 50 percent lower among those who consumed at least an ounce of saltwater fish per day compared to those who never ate fish.the dutch research is one of three human studies that give strong scientific support to the long held belief that eating fish can provide health benefits, particularly to the heart.heart disease is the numberone killer in the united states, with more than 550,000 deaths occurring from heart attacks each year. but previous research has shown that the level of heart disease is lower in cultures that consume more fish than americans do. there are fewer heart disease deaths, for example, among the eskimos of greenland, who consume about 14 ounces of fish a day, and among the japanese, whose daily fish consumption averages more than 3 ounces.for 20 years, the dutch study followed 852 middleaged men, 20 percent of whom ate no fish. at the start of the study , average fish consumption was about twothirds of an ounce each day, with more men eating lean fish than fatty fish. during the next two decades, 78 of the men died from heart disease. the fewest deaths were among the group who regularly ate fish, even at levels far lower than those of the japanese or eskimos. this_relationship was true regardless of other factors such as age, high blood pressure, or blood cholesterol (胆固醇) levels.篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。一项研究表明，经常吃鱼对人的健康有好处，特别是在预防心脏疾病方面。1in which section of a newspaper can we read this passage?aads.bmovies. cbriefs. dhealth and diet.答案d推理判断题。本文主要介绍了吃鱼对身体影响的一个研究报告，应该出现在报纸的饮食与健康版面。故选d。2the passage is mainly about _.athe high incidence of heart disease in some countriesbthe changes in peoples dietcthe effect of fish eating on peoples healthdthe daily fish consumption of people in different cultures答案c主旨大意题。根据第一段内容“a small piece of fish each day may keep the heart doctor away. thats the finding of a study of dutch men.”可知，本文主要是关于经常吃鱼对身体影响的一个研究发现。故选c。3the phrase “this relationship” in paragraph 5 refers to the connection between _ and the level of heart disease.athe amount of fish eaten bregular fisheatingcthe kind of fish eaten dpeople of different areas答案b词义猜测题。根据前一句“the fewest deaths were among the group who regularly ate fish，.”可知，画线部分指的是规律性地吃鱼和心脏病水平的关系。故选b。4from the passage we know the author is most probably _.aa heart doctor ba science researcherca supporter of healthy eating da university student答案c推理判断题。根据第一段的内容可知，每天吃鱼可以预防心脏病，同时说明这是一项荷兰人的研究发现。另外，文中一直在介绍该研究的发现，并没有说明作者的身份，因此可以推断他应该是一个健康饮食的支持者。故选c。1consume vt. 消费；消耗2.provide vt. 提供3previous adj. 以前的1compare.to. 把比作；把与相比2regardless of 不管，不顾原文：heart disease is the numberone killer in the united states, with more than 550,000 deaths occurring from heart attacks each year.(with复合结构)译文：在美国，心脏病是头号杀手，每年因心脏病引起的死亡人数超过550000人。仿写：she followed the guide with_her_head_down.她低着头，跟在导游后面。b限时7分talking plants might sound like characters in a fairy tale. but recent scientific studies have shown that plants communicate with each other and with other living things in a surprising number of ways. to understand them, scientists say, we just have to learn their language. farmers are especially interested in what plants have to say.“plants are able to communicate with all sorts of organisms (有机体). they can communicate with giant bacteria, with other plants and with insects. they do this chemically，” said cahill, an ecology professor of the university of alberta in canada.plant scientists are just beginning to understand this chemical “language”. cahill says studies have shown, for example, that plants can evaluate conditions in their immediate environment and take appropriate actions. plants have an ability, for example, to signal pain or discomfort caused by anything from temperature extremes to an insect attack. jack schultz, a professor of chemical ecology at the university of missouri, says when a plant senses that its being eaten, it cannot walk away from trouble; on the contrary， it will release a chemical vapor that alerts other plants nearby.“their language is a chemical language, and it involves chemicals that move through the air that are easy to be changeable, and most of all are smells that we are familiar with，” schultz explained.“all plants responded to the attack by changing their chemistry to defend themselves，” schultz recalled. “but we were quite surprised to find that nearby plants also changed their chemistry to defend themselves, even though they were not part of the experiment.”studies have also shown that plants under attack release pleasant chemicals. those chemicals attract friendly insects that attack the pests eating the plant.in the end, plants ability to communicate their needsand our ability to understand themcould help farmers reduce the use of poisonous chemicals, cut operating costs and limit damage to the environment.篇章导读：这是一篇科普说明文。文章主要讲述了“植物的特殊语言”及其功能。5the recent scientific studies have shown that plants can _.acommunicate with other living things in a chemical waybhardly react to any sudden change in temperaturecuse a very special chemical language which is familiar to usdrespond to the attack by giving off poisonous chemicals答案a细节理解题。根据文章第二段可知，植物能够与其他生物通过化学语言的方式进行交流。故选a。6when being eaten by an insect, the plant will _.awalk away from troublebchange its chemistry to kill the insectcrelease a chemical vapor to “ask” other plants for helpdgive off nice chemicals to attract friendly insects killing the pest答案d细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句中的“when a plant senses that its being eaten, . it will release a chemical vapor that alerts other plants nearby.”以及文章倒数第二段第二句“those chemicals attract friendly insects that attack the pests eating the plant.”可知，当植物被昆虫蚕食的时候，植物会释放出一种化学蒸汽，这种化学蒸汽能够吸引有益的昆虫来袭击害虫。故选d。7the underlined word “alert” most probably means “_”awarn bprotect cthreaten dallow答案a词义猜测题。根据上下文语境，植物在遭受攻击时会释放出一种化学物质，这种化学物质有两种功能，一是警示危险的存在；二是发出求助信息。由此可知，此处的alert意为“警示，告诫”，即warn。故选a。8which would be the best title for the passage?acommunication between plants ba chemical “language”cplants can talk dhow plants protect themselves答案c标题判断题。文章主要讲述了“植物的特殊语言”及其功能。c项既能概括文章的主题又生动风趣，尤其是talk一词充满了拟人化的幽默感。故选c。1evaluate vt. 评估；评价2sense vt. 察觉；意识到n. 感官；意识；理性1on the contrary 正相反，相反地2respond to 对做出反应原文：but we were quite surprised to find that nearby plants also changed their chemistry to defend themselves, even though they were not part of the experiment.(even though引导让步状语从句)译文：但是我们非常吃惊地发现，附近的植物也改变了自身的化学物质来保护自己，即使这些植物并不是实验的一部分。仿写：we wont change our plan even_though_it_rains_tomorrow.即使明天下雨，我们也决不改变计划。c限时8分the human body is an amazing machine. its tough, and we usually recover from illness or injury on our own, without the help of a doctor. but what happens when we need medical treatment? in the past, some people went to a hospital to see a medical doctor. others preferred traditional treatments, such as herbal medicine (中药) or acupuncture (针灸). these two types of medicineone modern and western and the other ancient and easternused to have nothing to do with each other.in recent years, however, people have begun combining both modern medical science and more traditional treatments. this new kind of medicine is often called integrative medicine because it integrates, or combines, different types of medical approaches. some of the principles of integrative medicine include preventing_illness_by_helping_people_stay_healthy,_integrating different types of treatments according to patient needs, and considering the health of the whole person rather than concentrating on a particular illness or injury.one health organization in america has opened its integrative medicine and wellness center. at the center, members are offered different services. those suffering backache can try massage to relax their muscles and encourage the flow of healing energy in their body. those with allergies are helped to develop their bodys natural resistance. and those who arent ill, but want to improve their strength and focus their mind, take tai chi or yogo classes.integrative medicine patients appreciate having an alternative to surgery or to drugs and their harmful side effects. they also enjoy activities and treatments that make them feel better even if they are not sick. and economically， preventing illness is much less expensive than a hospital stay.according to dr andrew weil, founder of the program in integrative medicine at the university of arizona, integrative medicine combines the best parts of western medicine with traditional therapies. and because both doctors and patients are working to prevent illness, they become partners with the same goal instead of strangers who see each other only when the patient is sick.篇章导读：这是一篇科普说明文。文章主要介绍了用中西医结合的方法来预防疾病的价值。9which of the following is the best title of this passage?awestern medicinebacupuncture and herbal medicinecchanges in medical educationdcombining modern and traditional medicine答案d标题判断题。这篇文章主要介绍的是采用中西医结合的方法来预防疾病，a、b、c都很片面，所以以d为标题更为恰当。故选d。10by using the underlined statement “preventing illness by helping people stay healthy” in paragraph 2, the writer wants to _.aprovide advice on how to stay healthybdescribe a principle of integrative medicinecrecommend modern medicine over traditional medicinedexplain why some people doubt the effectiveness of new treatments答案b推理判断题。根据画线部分前面的“some of the principles of integrative medicine include”可知，作者写这句话意在描述中西结合药物的原理。故选b。11which of the following is an example of integrative medicine?ahaving a heart operation.btaking a pain killer for a headache.cusing herbal treatments after an operation.dhaving herbal medicine and acupuncture.答案c推理判断题。中西结合治疗的特点就是要将现代西方医疗和传统中医相结合。a、b项只有西医，d项只有中医。故选c。12which is not mentioned as an advantage of integrative medicine?apatients take actions to avoid getting ill.bit costs less than medical care in hospitals.cpatients have more choices in terms of treatment.ddoctors are able to carry out more medical research.答案d细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的描述，a、b、c三项的叙述在文中均有对应的信息，只有d不符合文意。故选d。1approach n. 方法；途径vt. 接近，靠近2relax vt. 放松3economically adv. 在经济上1without the help of 在没有的帮助下2combine.with. 把与结合起来原文：and because both doctors and patients are working to prevent illness, they become partners with the same goal instead of strangers who see each other only when the patient is sick.(because引导原因状语从句)译文：由于医生和病人都在致力于预防疾病，所以他们成为了有相同目标的合作伙伴而不再是只有在病人生病时才见面的陌生人了。仿写：we like physics, because_we_can_learn_a_lot_of_useful_skills.我们喜欢物理学，因为我们能学到很多有用的技巧。d限时6分“have you ever been out on a boat and felt it lifted up by a wave? or have you jumped in the water and felt the rush of energy as waves came over you？” asked jamie taylor of the wave energy group at the university of edinburgh. “there is certainly a lot of energy in waves，” he said. scientists are working to use that energy to make electricity. most waves are created when winds blow across the ocean. “the wind starts out by making little ripples(涟漪), but if they keep on blowing, those ripples get bigger and bigger and turn into waves，” taylor said. “waves are one of natures ways of picking_up energy and then sending it off on a journey.” when waves come toward the shore, people can set up dams to block the water and send it through a large wheel called a turbine (涡轮机). the turbine can then power an electrical generator to produce electricity.“the resource is huge，” said janet swain of the world watch institute. “we will never run out of wave power.” besides, wave energy does not create the same pollution as other energy sources, such as oil or coal. oceans cover three quarters of the earths surfacethat would make wave power seem ideal for creating energy throughout the world, though there are some weak points yet to overcome.swain said that wave power still costs too much money. she also said that its effects on sea animals are still unknown. what is more， wave power could affect fishing and boat traffic. traditional sources of energy like oil and gas may someday run out. “demand for energy to power our tvs and computers, drive our cars, and heat and cool our homes is rising rapidly throughout the world，” swain said. in the future when you turn on a light, an ocean wave could be providing the electricity!篇章导读：这是一篇科普说明文，介绍了有关海洋波浪能源的应用前景及存在的问题。13the writer uses the two questions at the beginning of the passage to _.atest the readers knowledge about wavesbdraw the readers attention to the topiccshow jamie taylors importancedinvite the readers to answer them答案b推理判断题。作者在问题后谈到了波浪能源的相关内容，所以文章开头的两个问句是为了引起读者的注意，从而引出文章主题。故选b。14the underlined phrase “picking up” is closest in meaning to “_”astarting againbspeeding upcimproving dgathering答案d词义猜测题。下文提到海浪到达岸边后被水坝拦截住，这是收集能源的过程。故picking up在此意为“收集”，与gathering同义。故选d。15we can make better use of wave energy if we _.ashorten its journey to thousands of homesbbuild more small power stations on the oceanscreduce the cost of turning it into electric powerdquicken the steps of producing electricity答案c细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“swain said that wave power still costs too much money.”可知，波浪能源仍耗资很多。由此可知，如果我们能降低波浪能源的发电成本，我们将会更好地利用波浪能源。故选c。16it can be inferred that someday we might not worry about _.aour power supply bour boat trafficcair pollution dour supply of sea fish答案a细节理解题。由第二段中的“the resource is huge， said janet swain of the world watch institute. we will never run out of wave power.”可以得出，答案选a，即“将来终有一天我们不必再为电力供应担忧”。never run out of意为“永远不会枯竭”。1resource n. 资源2ideal adj. 理想的；完美的3overcome vt. 克服1set up 建立2.run out of 用完；耗尽3what is more 而且；此外原文：scientists are working to use that energy to make electricity.(现在进行时)译文：科学家们正致力于用这种能源来发电。仿写：we_are_helping_the_farmers_work on the farm these days.这些天我们在农场帮农民们干活。a限时8分2016东北三省四市一模the following simple exercise routine works as well as prescription medication (药物治疗) without the side effects. a jog a day could keep your headaches at bay: regular cardio workouts (有氧锻炼) may prevent migraines (偏头痛), a growing body of research suggests.migraine patients had fewer headaches after doing 40minute cycling workouts three times a week for three months, according to a swedish study.the exercise routine worked just as well as one of the top migrainepreventing drugstopamirate but without the side effects of depression and tremors (刺激)cardio workouts can help with regular headaches, too, says alexander mauskop, md., director of the new york headache center in manhattan.there are a couple of theories on how it works. breaking a sweat may relieve stress, says dr mauskop. headaches are often triggered by stress, and if you remove the trigger, you release the pain.the feelgood chemicals produced when you exercise actually block your pain sensors, acting as a natural painkiller. since headaches can be caused by many different factors like genetics (遗传), lack of sleep, or certain foods, cardio wont be the solution for everyone, dr mauskop says. but one german study found that it helped 65 percent of patients, which makes it as effective as the best medicines on the market.dr mauskop recommends his patients do a halfhour reasonable intensity (强度) cardio, like jogging, biking, or swimming three times a week. these workouts are meant to be slow and steady, as opposed to highintensity intervals that alternate between allout runs and rest.pushing yourself too much or increasing the intensity too quickly can trigger headaches in some people, so make sure your heart rate doesnt jump above 150 bpm. if you dont have a heart rate monitor, then breathe only through your nose. youll know youre going too hard if you cant keep up that breathing pattern.your migraines could start disappearing in a couple of weeks, dr mauskop says.篇章导读：本文是一篇科普说明文。科学家研究发现有氧运动可以有效治疗偏头痛。1according to the passage, the author may agree that _.ajogging, swimming and fishing are cardio workoutsbneither cardio workouts nor topamirate has side effectscmigraine patients may be cured by regular cardio workoutsdcardio workouts will be the solution for everyone with migraines答案c推理判断题。根据文章最后一段可知，规律的有氧运动有助于治愈偏头痛，故c项正确。根据文章倒数第三段可知，a项表述不正确；根据文章第四段可知，topamirate有副作用，故b项不正确；根据文章倒数第四段第一句中“cardio wont be the solution for everyone”可知，d项不正确。2the underlined word “triggered” in paragraph 7 can be replaced by _.acuredbreleasedccauseddmonitored答案c词义猜测题。画线词所在的第七段讲的是流汗会缓解压力，头痛通常由压力引起，如果消除压力，疼痛就会缓解。由此可知，trigger意为“引发，激发(尤指一系列事件)”，与cause意义相近。3the feelgood chemicals produced can help with regular headaches because _.ait eases the stressbit breaks a sweatcit prevents migrainesdit blocks your pain sensors答案d细节理解题。根据文章第八段“the feelgood chemicals produced when you exercise actually block your pain sensors, acting as a natural painkiller.”可知，人类运动的时候，产生令人感觉愉悦的化学物质，能够阻挡疼痛传感器，像一种天然的止痛药一样起作用。4what would be the best title for the passage?aa cure for headachesbside effects of migrainecthe causes of headachesdadvantages of cardio workouts答案a标题判断题。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了有氧运动有助于治愈偏头痛，因此a项作为文章标题最适合。b项在文章中没有被提及；c、d两项在文章中略有提及，但都是为了说明有氧运动对于治疗偏头痛的价值的。1routine n. 惯例；常规2.factor n. 因素3recommend vt. 推荐1as well as 也；又；和 2.make sure 确信；确保原文：but one german study found that it helped 65 percent of patients, which makes it as effecti