高考英语一轮复习 Unit 5 First aid基础达标练 新人教版必修5.doc

unit 5 first aid *阅读理解。friendship is one of the basic bonds between human beings. while the characteristics of friendship might vary from one country to another, people from all cultures not only enjoy friends but need them.many studies have shown that teenagers who have no friends often suffer from psychological disorders. it has been shown that teenagers, perhaps more than any other age group, need companionship and a sense of belonging. the negative consequences of loneliness have also been observed among the elderly. the death of a spouse often leaves a widow or a widower totally bereft. if, however, they are surrounded by friends and relatives and if they are able to express their feelings, they are more likely to recover from their grief.“no man is an island.” in other words, we are all parts of society. we all need the love, admiration, respect and moral support of other people. if we are fortunate, our friends will provide us with all of these necessary aspects of life.as most people observe, there are many levels of friendship. the degree or intensity of friendship varies depending on the personality of the individuals involved and the context of the relationships. outgoing persons enjoy being surrounded by many people whereas shy persons are perhaps content with fewer but more intense friendships.everyone is not equally open with all their friends. the degree of closeness is determined by many factors. close friends can be formed at any stage in ones life but they are usually very rare. not very many people have more than a few really close friends. regardless of the level of closeness, all friendships are based on reciprocity (互惠), honesty and a certain amount of love and affection.1.who are more likely to suffer from psychological disorders without friends?a. teenagers.b. adults.c. the elderly.d.a couple.2.what does the sentence “no man is an island” really mean?a. no man is willing to live on an island.b. man usually doesnt go to an islandc. everyone is related with our society.d. our society is just like an island.3.what can we learn about outgoing people?a. they like being alone.b. they are fond of making friends.c. they have intense friendships.d. they have fewer close friends indeed4.what does the last paragraph mainly talk about?a. the formation of close friends.b. the number of real friends.c. honesty, love and affection.d. factors to determine the degree of closeness.【文章大意】本文是一篇议论文。主要讨论讲述的是友谊的重要性。不论是青少年还是老年人，都需要朋友的陪伴。没有人是孤立的，每个人都是社会的一部分，都需要他人的爱、陪伴和关心。人人需要友谊，需要归属感。1.a 【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段首句“many studies have shown that teenagers who have no friends often suffer from psychological disorders.”可知，没有朋友的青少年更可能遭受精神疾病。故选a。3.b 【解析】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段尾句“outgoing persons enjoy being surrounded by many people whereas shy persons are perhaps content with fewer but more intense friendships.”可在，外向的人喜欢交朋友。故选b。4.d 【解析】段落大意题。通读最后一段可知，本段讲述亲密程度是由许多因素决定的，不管亲密程度如何，友谊都是建立在互惠，真诚，爱和情感的基础上的。*单句语法填空1it is vital that these forms _ (send) back as early as possible.答案：(should) be sentit is vital that . “是十分重要的”。其中that从句谓语动词应用“should动词原形”，should可以省略。2_ the aid of our professor, we finished the experiment successfully.答案：withwith the aid/help of . “在的帮助下”。3youd better put things back _ place. otherwise, it will be difficult to find them.答案：inin place “在适当的位置”。4we _ (watch) tv when there was a power failure.答案：were watchingbe doing . when . “正在做这时”，再由“there was .”可知应用过去进行时，故填were watching。5the new technology, if _ (apply) to rice growing, will help increase the grain output.答案：applied从句为状语从句的省略形式。the new technology与apply之间为逻辑上的被动关系，故应填过去分词作状语。6men and women should _ (treat) equally in education and employment.答案：be treatedtreat和men and women在逻辑上存在动宾关系，应用被动语态。7his head had struck the wall and _ (bleed)答案：was bleeding此处表示头部正在流血，前一分句用了过去完成时，故此处应用过去进行时，表示过去某时正在持续的状态。8everyone arrived late at the party for _ (variety) reasons.答案：various修饰名词reasons应用形容词，表示“各种各样的”，故填various。9television violence _ (poison) the minds of young people.答案：is poisoning表示现阶段正在持续发生的动作，应用现在进行时。10dozens of people got _ (injury) and many vehicles were set on fire.答案：injuredget injured “受伤”。*完形填空。(2018广州检测二)when you give thanks for help，everyone benefits.and the _1_ will last longer than youd expect：researchers have found that writing thankyou notes raises peoples _2_ levels for up to six months.“if you express gratitude in a diary，it makes you happier，but if you _3_ it with the person who helped you，it has the _4_ to bring you two closer together，”says researcher jeff tsang.lawyer john kralik experienced this personally.hed been feeling depressed and _5_ about his life：hed been divorced and wasnt _6_ with his children.he felt tired from the _7_ hours he devoted to work.at a/an _8_ low point，he remembered his grandfather telling him about the importance of _9_.he decided to write 365 thankyou notes over 365 days，hoping for a/an _10_ change.immediately，he noticed his _11_ begin to improve.“the first effects are that you realise that your life is much better than you thought and you become more positive，”kralik says of his _12_ acts of expressing thanks._13_ by kraliks experience，i decided to try the _14_ myself.i chose someone from my past whom id _15_ thanked before：my wonderful highschool english teacher.i wasnt sure if id be able to _16_ him，but eventually i found where he lived.in my letter，i thanked him for the _17_ and support that hed given me years earlier.i may never hear from him _18_，but that isnt the _19_.the letter helped me _20_ my life，and ive been happy now for months.1a.timebthoughtsceffects drelationship2a.education bhappinesscincome dhealth3a.share bcompleteccompare dleave4a.method bdesirecenergy dpotential5a.discouraged bdishonestcimpatient dsurprised6a.bored bstrictcclose dhonest7a.limited bvaluablecdelightful dlong8a.importantly bparticularlycphysically dexactly9a.forgiveness bachievementcgratefulness dpatience10a.positive bunexpectedcpossible dinstant11a.wealth battitudecposition dcompetence12a.generous bstrangecbrave dsimple13a.struck binspiredcshocked dinvited14a.idea bbeliefcletter dtest15a.nearly bfrequentlycalready dnever16a.remember brecogniseclocate dreward17a.degree bmoneycgift dguidance18a.in advance bin publiccin return din person19a.case bpointcfact dsolution20a.appreciate bunderstandcface dreview【解题导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者通过亲身经历告诉我们这样一个道理：当你对别人表达出感谢之情时，你会变得更快乐。1c考查名词辨折。根据“benefits”并结合第一段可知，此处指感谢别人对自己的影响要比你预想的长久。c项意为“效果，影响”，符合语境。a项意为“时间”；b项意为“想法”；d项意为“关系”，均与语境不符。故答案选c。2b考查名词辨析。根据语境可知，此处指写感谢信可以提高人们的幸福水平。b项意为“幸福”，符合语境。a项意为“教育”；c项意为“收入”；d项意为“健康”，均与语境不符。故答案选b。3a考查动词辨析。根据此句中的“bring you two closer together”可知，此处指与帮助你的人分享这件事。share sth.with sb.意为“与某人分享某物”，符合语境。b项意为“完成，实现”；c项意为“比较”；d项意为“离开”，均与语境不符。故答案选a。4d考查名词辨析。根据语境可知，此处指如果你与帮助你的人一起分享感激之情，这就有可能将你们两人之间的距离拉近。d项意为“可能性，潜能”，符合语境。a项意为“方法”；b项意为“欲望”；c项意为“精力”，均与语境不符。故答案选d。5a考查形容词辨折。根据该句中的“feeling depressed”可知，此处应用“discouraged”与“depressed”并列，指他对生活感到沮丧。 a项意为“泄气的”，符合语境。b项意为“不诚实的”；c项意为“没有耐心的”；d项意为“感到惊讶的”，均与语境不符。故答案选a。6c考查形容词辨析。根据本句中的“hed been divorced”可知，他已经离婚了，并且与孩子也不亲近。c项意为“亲近的，亲密的”，符合语境。a项意为“无聊的”；b项意为“严格的”；d项意为“诚实的”，均与语境不符。故答案选c。7d考查形容词辨析。根据“felt tired from”可推知，此处指因为长时间的工作，所以他感到疲劳。d项意为“长的”，符合语境。a项意为“有限的”；b项意为“有价值的”；c项意为“高兴的”，均与语境不符。故答案选d。8b考查副词辨析。根据语境可知，他离婚了，和孩子也不亲近，而且工作辛苦，所以这是他人生的低谷。b项意为“尤其，特别”，符合语境。a项意为“重要地”；c项意为“身体上”；d项意为“恰恰，正好”，均与语境不符。故答案选b。9c考查名词辨析。根据下文中的“he decided to write 365 thankyou notes”可知，此处指他记起祖父告诉过他感激的重要性。c项意为“感激”，符合语境。a项意为“原谅”；b项意为“成就”；d项意为“耐心”，均与语境不符。故答案选c。10a考查形容词辨析。根据下一段第二句中的“you become more positive”可知，此处指他希望通过这种方式获得一个积极的改变。a项意为“积极的”，符合语境。b项意为“出人意料的”；c项意为“可能的”；d项意为“立即的”，均与语境不符。故答案选a。11b考查名词辨析。根据语境可知，这位律师正处于人生的低谷时期，然后通过写感谢信使得他的态度开始改善。b项意为“态度”，符合语境。a项意为“财富”；c项意为“位置”；d项意为“能力”，均与语境不符。故答案选b。12d考查形容词辨析。根据空格后的“expressing thanks”可知，写感谢信只是表达感谢的一个简单的行为。d项意为“简单的”，符合语境。a项意为“慷慨的”；b项意为“奇怪的”；c项意为“勇敢的”，均与语境不符。故答案选d。13b考查动词辨析。根据下文可知，“我”也决定写感谢信了。由此推断出，“我”是受了kralik的经历的鼓舞。b项意为“鼓舞，激励”，符合语境。故答案选b。14a考查名词辨析。根据语境可知，“我”决定亲自试试这个想法。a项意为“想法，主意”，符合语境。b项意为“信念”；c项意为“信”；d项意为“测试”，均与语境不符。故答案选a。15d考查副词辨析。根据语境可知，“我”不知道这位高中英语老师的地址，所以他是“我”以前从未感谢过的人。d项意为“从未”，符合语境。a项意为“几乎”；b项意为“经常”；c项意为“已经”，均与语境不符。故答案选d。16c考查动词辨析。根据“but eventually i found where he lived”可知，此处指“我”不知道是否能够找到他。c项意为“找出的准确位置”，符合语境。a项意为“记得”；b项意为“认出”；d项意为“奖励，奖赏”，均与语境不符。故答案选c。17d考查名词辨析。根据语境可知，“我”感谢的对象是“我”的一位高中英语老师，所以“我”应是感谢他给予“我”的指导和帮助。d项意为“指导”，符合语境。a项意为“程度，等级”；b项意为“金钱”；c项意为“礼物”，均与语境不符。故答案选d。18c考查介词短语辨析。根据常识可知，“我”写感谢信给多年前的老