高考英语一轮复习 第一部分 教材重点全程攻略 Unit 1 Great scientists讲义 新人教版必修5.doc

unit 1 great scientists话题素材伟大的科学家话题词汇1observe vt. 观察2creative adj. 富有创造力的3inspire vt. 鼓舞；激励4determination n. 决心5research v. 研究6be curious about 对好奇7in search_ of 寻找8apply . to . 把运用于9be honored as 被誉为10take measures to do sth.采取措施做某事11by no means 决不12give up 放弃13be devoted to 投身于/致力于14be crazy about 对狂热/着迷15be_active_in 积极从事于经典佳句1science has brought_about many changes in our lives.科学为我们的生活带来很多变化。2although he has won_countless_honors,_he never shows_any_signs_of_pride.尽管他获得了无数的荣誉，他却从未有过任何骄傲的迹象。3many scientists regard time as the most important thing in life.许多科学家把时间看作是生命中最重要的东西。精美语篇tu youyou, a famous female pharmacologist and scientist, was born in ningbo, zhejiang province on december 30th, 1930. in 1951, she was admitted into beijing university, majoring in making medicine and graduated in 1955. after graduation she was trained in traditional chinese medicine for two years and a half and since then, she has been working in china academy of traditional chinese medicine in beijing. in 1972, she succeeded in discovering and developing artemisinin out of a chinese herb to cure those patients of malaria in different places of the world, so that she won many big awards. to our excitement and delight, she was awarded the nobel prize in physiology or medicine on october 5th, 2015, becoming the first chinese woman who won the nobel prize. we are called on to learn from her and devote ourselves to scientific research.高频单词1characteristic (n.) 特征；特性character (n.) 品质；性格；特点2painter (n.) 画家；油漆匠paint (v.) 在上刷油漆painting (n.) 绘画3scientific (adj.) 科学的science (n.) 科学scientist (n.) 科学家4conclude (vt. & vi.) 结束；推断出conclusion (n.) 结论；结束5analyse (vt.) 分析analysis (n.) 分析6attend (vt.) 照顾；护理；出席；参加attendance (n.) 出席；参加；到场7expose (vt.) 暴露；揭露；使曝光exposed (adj.) 无遮蔽的；不遮挡风雨的exposure (n.) 显露；暴露；揭露；曝光8suspect (vt.) 认为；怀疑 (n.) 被怀疑者；嫌疑犯suspicion (n.) 怀疑suspicious (adj.) 有疑心的9foresee (vt.) 预见；预知foresaw (过去式)foreseen (过去分词)10pollute (vt.) 污染；弄脏pollution (n.) 污染polluted (adj.) 受污染的11announce (vt.) 宣布；通告announcement (n.) 宣布；通知12instruct (vt.) 命令；指示；教导instruction (n.) 教育；说明；指导；教训instructive (adj.) 富有教育意义的；有启发性的13construct (vt.) 建设；修建construction (n.) 建设；建筑物constructor (n.) 建造者；建造商constructive (adj.) 建设性的；积极的14contribute (vt. & vi.) 捐献；贡献；捐助contribution (n.) 捐献；贡献；捐助15enthusiastic (adj.) 热情的；热心的enthusiasm (n.) 热情；热心16reject (vt.) 拒绝；不接受；抛弃rejection (n.) 拒绝；嫌弃重点短语1put_forward提出2draw_a_conclusion 得出结论3expose . to 使显露；暴露4be_determined_to_do_sth. 决定做某事5be_to_blame 应受责备6look into 调查；研究7link . to . 将和联系或连接起来8apart from 除之外；此外9be strict with . 对严格的10make sense 讲得通；有意义11at times 有时热点句型1neither . nor . “既不也不”neither (既不) its cause nor (也不) its cure was understood.(教材p2)2every time作连词引导时间状语从句，意为“每次”so many thousands of terrified people died every_time_there_was_an_outbreak (每次爆发霍乱时)(教材p2)3不定式作目的状语/suggest意为“建议”时用虚拟语气，即“shoulddo”，其中should可以省略to_prevent (为防止) this from happening again, john snow suggested that the source of all the water supplies be_examined (应被检测)(教材p3)4“only状语/状语从句”位于句首时，主句要用部分倒装only_if (只有) you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make_sense (说得清楚)(教材p7)5“with宾语宾补”复合结构he placed a fixed sun at the centre of the solar system with_the_planets_going_round_it (行星围绕着它转) and only the moon still going round the earth.(教材p7)6现在分词作状语/who引导定语从句the christian church rejected his theory, saying (声称) it was against gods idea and people who_supported_it (支持这种想法的人) would be attacked.(教材p7)同步训练在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。1john snow was a famous doctor in londonso expert, indeed, _ he attended queen victoria as her personal physician.答案：that2but he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people _ (expose) to cholera.答案：exposed3he knew that cholera would never be controlled its cause was found.答案：until4he became interested in two theories that possibly explained _ cholera killed people.答案：how5he was _ (determine) to find out why.答案：determined6first he marked on a map the exact places _ all the dead people had lived.答案：where7it seemed that the water was _ (blame)答案：to blame8with this extra evidence john snow was able to announce with certainty _ polluted water carried the germs.答案：that9_ (prevent) this from happening again, john snow suggested that the source of all the water supplies _ (examine)答案：to prevent; (should) be examined10the water companies _ (instruct) not to expose people to _ (pollute) water any more.答案：were instructed; polluted1 attendvt.照顾；护理；出席；参加教材原句john snow was a famous doctor in londonso expert, indeed, that he attended queen victoria as her personal physician.(p2)约翰斯诺是伦敦一位著名的医生他的确医术精湛，因而成为照料维多利亚女王的私人医生。attend school/church 上学/去教堂attend a meeting/lecture/wedding/party 参加会议/听演讲/出席婚礼/参加晚会attend to 处理；照料attend侧重“参加”之意。attend to作“处理”讲时，与do/deal with近义；作“照顾”讲时，与take care of, look after近义。if you had told me beforehand, i would_have_attended_your_wedding.你如果提前告诉我的话，我就会去参加你的婚礼了。the main thing is to attend_to the injured.首要任务是照顾伤者。i may be latei have got one or two things to_attend_to.我也许会迟到，我有一两件事要处理。2 exposevt.暴露；揭露；使曝光教材原句but he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera.(p2)但当他一想到要帮助那些得了霍乱的普通百姓时，他就感到很振奋。expose sth./sb./oneself (to .) (向)显露或暴露某事物/某人/某人自己；使某事物/某人/某人自己面临be exposed to 暴露于；接触expose sb. to sth. 使某人接触到某物expose sb. as sth. 揭发某人为在expose . to . 以及be exposed to结构中，to为介词，其后跟名词、代词或动名词。dont expose your skin to direct sunlight, or youll get burnt.不要让你的皮肤直接暴晒于阳光下，否则你会被晒伤。we want to expose our kids to as much art and culture as possible.我们想让孩子们受到尽可能多的艺术和文化的熏陶。klaus von bulow was_exposed_as a liar and a cheat.克劳斯冯布洛被揭露是一个说谎者和骗子。3 blamevt.谴责；责备n过失；责备教材原句it seemed that the water was to blame.(p2)看起来水是罪魁祸首。(1)blame sb. for (doing) sth. 因(做)某事而责备某人blame sth. on sb. 将某事归咎于某人be to blame (for sth.) (对某事)应承担责任；该受责备(2)accept/bear/take the blame for . 对负责；为承担责任put/lay the blame on sb. 归咎于某人be to blame为主动形式表示被动意义，因此不能再用被动语态。i often had crazy dreams in which i was_to_blame_for millers accident.我经常会做噩梦，梦中我应该对米勒的车祸负责。dont always blame your own failure on others.不要总把你自己的失败归咎于别人。i am ready to take_the_blame_for the mistake.我愿意为这一错误承担责任。she stole the money but shes trying to put_the_blame_on_me.她偷了钱，却想把责任推到我身上。易混辨析blame责备，谴责；归咎于，归罪于。常用于blame sb. for sth.因某事指责某人；blame sth. on sb. 把某事归咎于某人charge控告；谴责。常用于charge sb. with sth. 指控某人某事accuse控告，指控；指责，谴责。常用于accuse sb. of (doing) sth. 指控某人(做了)某事用blame, charge, accuse的适当形式填空ait is obvious that you are to blame for the accident.bshe was said to have been charged with drunk driving.ci was told that he was accused of murder.4 announcevt.宣布；通告教材原句with this extra evidence john snow was able to announce with certainty that polluted water carried the germs. (p3)有了这个特别的证据，约翰斯诺就能够肯定地宣称被污染的水携带病菌。(1)it is announced that . 据宣布/据通知announce sth. to sb./to sb. sth. 向某人宣布某事(2)announcement n. 通告；宣告；布告announcer n. 广播员；播音员make an announcement 发表公告announce后不能跟双宾语结构，如果要表达“向某人宣布某事”应该这样表达：announce sth. to sb.(announce to sb. sth.)，不能用announce sb. sth.。除了announce外，类似用法的动词还有：explain, mention, report, retell, suggest, admit等。has our flight been_announced yet?广播宣布了我们的航班了吗？at the end of the meeting, it_was_announced_that an agreement had been reached.会议最后宣布已达成一项协议。the manager announced the decision to the worker.the manager announced to the worker the decision.经理对这个工人宣布了决定。5 contributevt.& vi.捐献；贡献；捐助教材原句to contribute (p4) 捐献(1)contribute sth. to/towards . 向捐献某物contribute to有助于；导致；为作贡献；为捐款；向投稿(2)contribution n. 捐款；捐献；贡献；投送的稿件make a contribution/contributions to 对作出贡献；为捐款表示“引起，导致；有助于”的词语有contribute to, result in, bring about, lead to, cause等。everyone is willing to contribute food and clothes to the homeless people.每个人都愿意为无家可归的人捐献食物和衣服。sports contribute mainly to your physical fitness.体育运动主要有助于你的身体健康。would you like to make_a_contribution_to the hospital building fund?你愿意为医院建设基金捐款吗？contribute一言辨异many people contributed money to the poor boy, which contributed_to his returning to school. a writer wrote a story about it and contributed it to china daily.许多人给这个可怜的小男孩捐了款，这使他重返校园。一位作家写了一篇关于此事的故事并把它投给了中国日报。.单句语法填空1when deeply _(absorb) in work, which he often was, he would forget all about eating or sleeping.答案：absorbed(be) absorbed in 意为“全神贯注于”，因为主从句主语一致，且从句中含有be动词的某种形式，故此处省略从句中的主语和be动词。2tom announced his resignation _ staff members on wednesday.答案：toannounce sth. to sb. “向某人宣布某事”。3officials believe that more than one person may _ (blame) for the fire.答案：be to blamebe to blame for sth. “对某事应承担责任”。4last week i got a new job in a big firm, and i found it very _(challenge)答案：challenging形容词challenging “具有挑战性的”，在句中作宾语补足语。5the invention of paper was a great _ (contribute) to human civilization.答案：contribution根据空格前的冠词和形容词可知，应填名词。.单句改错1i always have so many things to attend when i come back to the company after a trip abroad._答案：attend后加to2the teacher cured him his bad habits and he made great progress in english._答案：him后加of3this liquid is not to be exposed in air, for it will soon evaporate._答案：into4although defeating in the match, we didnt lose heart._答案：defeatingdefeated5his injuries are severely but hes expected to pull through._答案：severelysevere教材原句who put forward a theory about black holes？(p1)谁提出关于黑洞的理论？put aside 节省；储蓄；储存；留出put away 放好；存(钱)put off 延期；推迟put out 熄灭；出版；伸出put down 写下；记下put up 举起；张贴；建立；提供食宿put up with 容忍；忍受put on 穿上；演出写出下列句中put forward的含义aas for the problem you put forward in your last letter, i think it is a wise choice for you to buy an edictionary.提出bi think he is fit for the position; therefore, ill put him forward as a candidate.推荐cput your watch forward; its five minutes slow.拨快dthey have put forward the date of their wedding by one week.将提前were trying to put_aside a few hundred dollars every month toward our vacation.我们尽量每月存几百美元供度假用。now the electric fan is not in use. lets put it away.现在电扇已用不着了，我们把它收起来吧。two good bursts from the extinguisher and the fire was put_out.灭火器喷了两下，火就被扑灭了。apart from 除之外；此外(aside from)教材原句apart from the construction mentioned above， you have also learned the following phrases. (p4)除了以上提到的结构，你也学过下面的词组。(1)apart from具有下列两层含义：相当于besides。指“除之外，另外还有”，强调“另外还有”；相当于except for。指“除外”，是在对某人或物整体上肯定的同时，特别指出其不足之处。(2)take . apart 将拆开tell sb./sth. apart 分辨出某人/某物ive finished apart_from the last question.除了最后一道题，我全做完了。apart_from their house in london, they also have a villa in spain.他们在伦敦有一座房子，此外在西班牙还有一栋别墅。they are so alike, and its difficult to tell_them_apart.他们长得太像了，很难把他们区分开来。make sense 有意义；讲得通 教材原句only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense. (p7)只有把太阳放在中心位置上，天空中其他行星的运动才能讲得通。make sense of 理解；明白make no sense 没道理；没意义in a sense 从某种意义上说in no sense 决不(置于句首时，句子用部分倒装)common sense 常识a sense of duty/humor/beauty/direction 责任感/幽默感/美感/方向感there is no sense in (doing) sth. (做)某事是没有意义的。it makes_sense to work on the problem before it gets out of control.致力于解决这个问题以防其失控，是有道理的。in_no_sense_should you lose heart; keep trying and you will make it sooner or later.你决不应该灰心丧气。继续努力，你迟早会成功的。handle the most important tasks first so youll feel a_real_sense_of achievement.先处理最重要的任务，这样你会有一种真正的成就感。theres_no_sense_in_getting upset about it now.现在为这件事苦恼是没有意义的。.选词填空make sense; link . to .; be strict with; apart from; put forward1it _ to follow your parents suggestions.答案：makes sense2the wire _ the television.答案：is linked to3generally speaking, parents like the teachers who _ their children.答案：are strict with4_ the ending, its a really good film.答案：apart from5her name was _ for the lead role in the play.答案：put forward.完成句子1you cant take just one day and _ that the bear market is over.你不可以仅用一天的时间得出熊市已结束的结论。答案：draw a conclusion2this is not his fault. i _ not having made the whole thing clear to him.这不能怪他，只怪我没有向他交代清楚。答案：am to blame for3a working party has been set up to _ the problem.已成立一个工作小组来调查这个问题。答案：look into4dont _ these flowers _ the sun.别把这些花暴露在阳光下。答案：expose; to5i like tom but hes very annoying _.我喜欢汤姆，但是他有时也很烦人。答案：at timesonly if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense.(p7)只有把太阳放在中心位置上，天空中其他行星的运动才能讲得通。(1)“only状语”(副词、介词短语、状语从句)位于句首时，主句要用部分倒装。但“only主语”位于句首时不用倒装。(2)if only “但愿；要是就好了”引导的状语从句使用虚拟语气，表达对现在、将来的愿望或与过去事实相反的愿望。only_after_a_year_of_friendly_discussion_did_ms_garza finally say yes.直到一年的友好讨论之后加尔扎女士才最终答应了。only_when_people_believe_in_each_other_can_they work well.人们只有相互信任才能很好地工作。only people who know the keyword can read the message.只有知道密码的人才能读懂这个信息。the pills might have cured him, if only he had_taken them regularly.他要是按时服用这些药丸，他的病本来是可能治愈的。.单句语法填空1if only it _ possible for me to see her once more.答案：wereif only “但愿；要是就好了”引导的状语从句使用虚拟语气，这里表示与现在事实相反的愿望，谓语用过去式(be通常用were)。2only an hour ago _ the teacher find out why he was absent.答案：did“only状语”位于句首时，句子要部分倒装。由时间状语an hour ago可知，该句为一般过去时。3only the teachers _ (allow) to use the computer room.答案：are allowed“only主语”位于句首时不倒装，这里表示被动，且表示一个事实，故填are allowed。4only _you are modest can you make progress.答案：ifonly if “只有(在的情况下才)”。句意：谦虚使人进步。.完成句子1_light moves into a material with a new speed, it bends and scatters.每次光线以新的速度进入某一物体，就会发生折射和散射。答案：every time2when it comes to how to speak fluent mandarin, i suggest that you _ a bunch of pronunciation rules first.说到如何讲流利的普通话，我建议你首先学一些发音规则。答案：(should) learn过去分词作定语和表语过去分词作定语1单个的过去分词作定语时，常位于它所修饰的名词之前；过去分词短语作定语时，位于它所修饰的名词之后，但单个过去分词修饰something, everything等不定代词时，也要后置。from the stomach the disease attacked the body quickly and soon the affected person died.这种病从胃里发作而迅速殃及全身，很快这个受感染的人死亡了。the question discussed at the meeting was very important.在会议上讨论的那个问题很重要。2过去分词与现在分词作定语时的区别the girl standing under the tree is very beautiful.站在树下的女孩很漂亮。(表主动、进行)have you read the novel written by dickens?你读过狄更斯写的这部小说吗？(表被动、完成)过去分词作表语1过去分词与v.ing形式作表语的区别ving作表语时，表示特征，修饰物，意为“令人”；过去分词作表语时，表示状态，修饰人，意为“感到”he became interested in two theories that possibly explained how cholera killed people.他对霍乱致人死亡的两种推测很感兴趣。the story is so interesting that nobody dislikes it.这个故事如此有趣，人人都喜欢它。2过去分词作定语和表语的区别定语：置于名词之后或之前表示动作完成、被动。表语：置于系动词之后，说明主语的状态。.单句语法填空1jim has retired, but he still remembers the happy time _ (spend) with his students.答案：spent题干中，被修饰词the happy time与spend之间为被动关系，且设空处表示完成，故用动词的过去分词作定语。2teams of four, _(dress) in a variety of strange and funny clothes, roll a complete cheese along a 50metre course.答案：dressedbe dressed in “穿着”，teams of four与dress之间为被动关系，且作定语，故填dressed。3after the heavy rain, many cars got _ (catch) in the mud.答案：caught过去分词作表语，表示被动。4the children were all _ after they heard the _ news that their team had won the game.(inspire)答案：inspired; inspiring第一空修饰人，意为“感到”，故用inspired；第二空修饰物，意为“令人”，故用inspiring。.单句改错1the captain divided the remained water among the thirsty passengers._答案：remainedremaining2his confusing facial expression signals that he doesnt know the truth._答案：confusingconfused3that woman is always complaining about one thing or another and she never feels satisfying._答案：satisfyingsatisfied4if painting were to consist of merely copying the same lines, it would become bored._答案：boredboring.完形填空persistence brings about successwhen my sister diane began playing the violin, she was seven. how did she sound? terrible. but she didnt _1_. at twelve, she asked our parents if she could _2_ a fulltime music school. they said no. actually, everyone agreed that my sister _3_ talent.i was better at my _4_. my teacher had told my parents that i had great _5_. so my parents found the best piano teacher in the area to _6_ me. but the only time he was _7_ was saturday afternoons at 3 pm. back then, i was _8_ about the british tv show “the avengers”， which was _9_ every saturday at 3 pm. i let nothing take up my “avengers” hour. so i _10_ this amazing opportunity. today, i dont even have a _11_ in my house.my sister became an engineer, but she _12_ stopped making music. when she was in her 40s, she switched _13_. she went back to college, got a(n) _14_ in music education, and became a music teacher. she starts kids out on their first instrument and gives them all the encouragement and support she nev