高考英语一轮复习 第一部分 教材重点全程攻略 Unit 4 Earthquakes讲义 新人教版必修1.doc

unit 4 earthquakes 话题素材自然灾害话题词汇1suffering n. 痛苦；苦难2harmful adj. 有害的3rescue n. & vt. 救援4frightened adj. 害怕的5hopeless adj. 没希望的6be shocked at 对感到震惊7attach great importance to . 十分重视；认为非常重要8burst out 突然爆发9in harmony with nature 与自然和谐共处10take_measures/steps_to_do_sth. 采取措施做某事11do damage to 对有害；损害12get_rid_of 消除；摆脱掉；除掉13take_on_a_new_look 呈现新面貌14lead to/contribute to 导致经典佳句1united we stand; divided we fall.团结则存；分裂则亡。2it_is_really_amazing_that the onceruined place has now been turned into a beautiful town, full_of_life.令人惊奇的是，这个曾经被毁灭的地方已经变成了一个漂亮的城镇，生机勃勃。3in_order_to_help the earthquake victims to go_through the hard times and rebuild their hometown, the school has called on everyone in our school to donate money to the earthquakestriken area.为了帮助受灾群众渡过难关，重建家园，学校号召所有人向地震灾区捐款。精美语篇how to survive in an earthquakeon august 8,2017 an earthquake with the magnitude of 7.0 hit jiuzhaigou county, sichuan province. the earthquake has caused significant damage. so how to take safety measures during an earthquake has become an important issue. here are some guidelines on staying safe in earthquakes.firstly, dont be nervous and keep calm. try to get into an open area away from trees, buildings, walls, signs, power lines and anything else that might fall on you if you are outdoors.secondly, if you are indoors, stay there. quickly move to a safe location in the room such as under a strong desk, a strong table, or along an interior wall. cover your head and neck with your arms. the goal is to protect yourself from falling objects and be located near the structural strong points of the room. avoid taking cover near windows, large mirrors and hanging objects.thirdly, never go to the stairs and never take the lift to go downstairs. the stairs are a likely part of the building to be damaged. even if the stairs are not collapsed by the earthquake, they may collapse later when overloaded by fleeing people.though we cant stop earthquakes, we can reduce the damage that earthquakes bring us if we take right measures.高频单词1burst (vi.) 爆裂；爆发 (n.) 突然破裂；爆发burst (过去式/过去分词)2event (n.) 事件；大事3nation (n.) 国家；民族；国民national (adj.) 国家的；民族的；全国的nationality (n.) 国籍4dirt (n.) 污垢；泥土dirty (adj.) 肮脏的5ruin (n.) 废墟；毁灭 (vt.) 毁灭；使破产ruined (adj.) (建筑物)毁坏了的；严重受损的6suffering (n.) 苦难；痛苦suffer (v.) 遭受(苦难等) 7extreme (adj.) 极度的extremely (adv.) 极度地 8injure (vt.) 损害；伤害injury (n.) 伤害；损害injured (adj.) 受伤的9survivor (n.) 幸存者；生还者；残存物survive (vt. & vi.) 幸存；存活下来survival (n.) 生存；存活；幸存10destroy (vt.) 破坏；毁坏；消灭destruction (n.) 破坏；摧毁11track (n.) 轨道；足迹；痕迹 (vt.) 跟踪；追踪12useless (adj.) 无用的；无效的；无益的useful (反义词) (adj.) 有用的；有益的13shock (vt. & vi.) (使)震惊；震动 (n.) 休克；打击；震惊shocking (adj.) 令人震惊的shocked (adj.) 震惊的14rescue (n. & vt.) 援救；营救15trap (vt.) 使陷入困境 (n.) 陷阱；困境trapped (过去式/过去分词)16electricity (n.) 电；电流；电学electric (adj.) 用电的；带电的electrical (adj.) 与电有关的；电学的17disaster (n.) 灾难；灾祸18bury (vt.) 埋葬；掩埋；隐藏19shelter (n.) 掩蔽；掩蔽处；避身处sheltered (adj.) 有遮避物的；受到保护的20damage (n. & vt.) 损失；损害21frighten (vt.) 使惊吓；吓唬frightened (adj.) 受惊的；受恐吓的frightening (adj.) 令人恐惧的 22congratulation (n.) 祝贺；(复数)贺词congratulate (vt.) 祝贺 23judge (n.) 裁判员；法官 (vt. & vi.) 断定；判断；判决_judgement (n.) 判断力；识别力24express (vt.) 表示；表达 (n.) 快车；速递expression (n.) 表达；表情重点短语1right_away 立刻；马上2think_little_of 轻视；认为没价值 3as_if 仿佛；好像4at_an_end 结束；终结5in_ruins 严重受损；破败不堪6dig_out 掘出；发现7a (great) number of 许多；大量的8in the open air 在户外9raise money 集资；筹款；募捐热点句型1too . to . “太而不能”in the farmyards, the chickens and even the pigs were too_nervous_to_eat (紧张得不吃食)(教材p26)2looking for . 是现在分词短语作伴随状语mice ran out of the fields looking_for_places_to_hide (找地方藏身)(教材p26)3it seems/seemed as if . “看起来好像”it_seemed_as_if (看起来好像) the world was at an end！(教材p26)4leave宾语宾语补足语thousands of families were killed and many children were_left_without_parents (成了孤儿)(教材p26)5everywhere用作连词，引导让步状语从句everywhere_they_looked (人们无论朝哪看) nearly everything was destroyed.(教材p26)6all . not表示部分否定all_hope_was_not (并不是所有的希望) lost.(教材p26)同步训练在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。1it was felt in beijing, _ is more than two hundred kilometres away.答案：which2in fifteen terrible seconds a large city _ (lie) in ruins.答案：lay3_number of people who were killed or seriously injured reached more than 400,000.答案：the4the army organized teams to dig out those who (trap) and to bury the dead.答案：were trapped5workers built shelters for survivors _ homes had been destroyed.答案：whose6_ (slow), the city began to breathe again.答案：slowly7this _ (frighten) boy whose mother was lost in the disaster is looking for her now.答案：frightened8_(congratulate)! we are pleased _ (tell) you that you have won the high school speaking competition.答案：congratulations; to tell9your speech was heard by a group of five _ (judge), all of _ agreed that it was the best one this year.答案：judges; whom10_you know, this is the day the quake happened thirtyfive years ago.答案：as1 burstvi.(burst, burst)爆裂；爆发 n突然破裂；爆发教材原句in the city, the water pipes in some buildings cracked and burst.(p26)在市内，有些建筑物的水管爆裂开来。burst out突然迸发；爆发burst out doing sth.burst inton. 突然起来burst into tears/laughterburst out crying/laughing 突然大哭/大笑起来burst out cheeringburst into cheers 突然欢呼起来burst in/into闯进；突然破门而入burst with anger/grief/joy勃然大怒/悲痛欲绝/乐不可支a burst of 一阵hearing this, the whole class burst_out_laughing and my deskmates face turned red.听到这，全班同学大笑起来，我同桌的脸变红了。he burst_into the room without knocking at the door, which made me very angry.他没敲门就闯进房间，这使我非常生气。at the news that my dad would be back from london this week, i felt as if my heart would burst_with_joy.听到这个星期爸爸要从伦敦回来的消息，我觉得心花怒放。2 ruinnu毁灭；毁坏；崩溃；常用复数废墟；遗迹 vt.(使)毁坏；毁灭；成为废墟；使破产教材原句in fifteen terrible seconds a large city lay in ruins.(p26)在可怕的15秒内，一座大城市就成为了一片废墟。(1)lie/be in ruins (建筑物)倒塌；破败不堪go to ruin/fall into ruin (因无人照料而)衰落、败落bring . to ruin使毁灭；使没落；使破产(2)ruin oneself毁掉自己；自取灭亡ruin ones health/fame/future毁坏某人的健康/声誉/前途when they returned the next day, they found their neighborhood in_ruins.当他们第二天回来时，他们发现他们的街区已成为一片废墟。a large number of churches fell_into_ruin after the revolution.革命过后，许多教堂都毁了。a village once so attractive was brought_to_ruin.一个曾经那么美好的村庄被毁掉了。wasting time doing nothing is to ruin_oneself.什么事也不做会使自己毁灭。the bad weather has ruined_all_my_pleasure for the holiday.糟糕的天气毁掉了我度假的好心情。3 injurevt.损害；伤害教材原句twothirds of them died or were injured during the earthquake.(p26)他们中有三分之二在地震中伤亡。(1)injured adj. 受伤的the injured 受伤的人(表示一类人，作主语时，谓语动词用复数)(2)injury n. 伤；伤口；伤害do sb. an injury/do an injury to sb. 伤害某人because my left foot was_injured in the football game, i cannot go there with you as planned.由于我的左脚在足球比赛中受伤了，我不能按计划和你一起去那儿。a terrible accident happened at the crossing and an ambulance rushed the_injured to the hospital.在十字路口发生了可怕的交通事故，救护车把伤者火速送到了医院。dont lift that toolboxyoull do_yourself_an_injury!别搬那只工具箱，你会伤着你自己的！用injure, wound, hurt, harm的正确形式填空ahe claimed that working too hard was harming his health.bhe died of a single gunshot wound to the left side of his head.cwhat he said hurt me deeply.done of the players injured his knee and had to be sent to the hospital.4 shockvt.& vi.(使)震惊；震动 n休克；打击；震惊教材原句sand now filled the wells instead of water. people were shocked.(p26)井里充满了沙子而不是水。人们都震惊了。(1)be in a state of shock 大为震惊；休克a big/great shock 极大的震惊be a shock to sb. 对某人来说是个打击come as a shock 让某人大吃一惊(2)shocked adj. 感到惊讶的be shocked at/by sth. 对感到震惊(3)shocking adj. 令人震惊的shock意为“令人震惊的人或事”时为可数名词，其前通常与不定冠词a连用。即：抽象名词具体化。i was_shocked_at_the_news that he had resigned.听到他辞职的消息，我深感震惊。now, electric_shock training and medical treatment are helping to rescue these big birds.现在，电击训练和药物治疗正帮助挽救这些大鸟。it came as_a_shock that i was promoted.我升职的消息着实让人吃惊。he isnt seriously injured but he is in_a_state_of_shock.他伤得不重，但惊魂未定/处于休克状态。after the shocking news spread throughout the whole city, everyone felt shocked.在那个令人震惊的消息传遍全城之后，人人都深感震惊。5 buryvt.埋葬；掩埋；使专心；使沉浸；隐藏教材原句the army organized teams to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead. (p26)救援部队组成小分队，将受困的人们挖出来，并将死者掩埋。(1)be buried in 埋头于；专心于be buried in thought 沉思(2)bury oneself in ones work/studies. 埋头工作/专心学习bury ones face/head in ones hands 双手掩面/抱头表“专心于某事”的短语常见的还有：be devoted to, be absorbed in, be addicted to, be lost in, focus on, concentrate on等。ever since he moved there, he has_buried_himself_in his research work.ever since he moved there, he has_been_buried_in his research work.自从搬到那里以后，他一直专注于研究工作。she sat there, buried_in_thought.她坐在那儿，陷入了沉思。she buried_her_face_in_her_hands and wept when she heard the bad news.当她听到那个坏消息时，她掩面而泣。.单句语法填空1greatly _ (shock) at the sad news, he stood there, paralysed with fear.答案：shockedbe shocked at sth. “对某事感到震惊”。故此处填形容词shocked作状语。2to our relief, up to now the _ (injure) in the earthquake of jiuzhaigou county in sichuan province have been carried to the nearby hospital.答案：injuredthe injured “伤员”。“theadj.”表示一类人。3i havent read all of his books before, but _ (judge) from the one i have read, i think hes a very promising writer.答案：judgingjudging from . “由来判断”。4on seeing jay chou appear on the voice of china, the audience burst out _ (cheer)答案：cheering此处为“burst outdoing”结构，意为“突然起来”。5with his face _ (bury) in the pillow, he cried loudly.答案：buried此处为with的复合结构。his face与bury之间为被动关系，故用过去分词。6the whole city lay in _ (ruin) after the earthquake, which made us awake all night.答案：ruinslie in ruins “成为废墟”。句意：地震之后整个城市成了一片废墟，这让我们彻夜未眠。.单句改错1the rescue team has saved more than ten people trapping under the collapsed building._答案：trappingtrapped2she found it was extreme difficult to get a job._答案：extremeextremely3i was wrapped (包裹) heavily and well sheltered out from the freezing and blowing weather._答案：去掉out4the two sportsmen congratulated each other in winning the match by shaking hands._答案：inonat an end 结束；终结教材原句it seemed as if the world was at an end！(p26)仿佛到了世界末日！(1)at the end of 在尽头/末端(指时间或空间)in the end 最后；终于by the end of 到末为止(常与完成时态连用)come to an end 结束be at an end 结束put/bring an end to sth. 结束某事make ends meet 使收支相抵；量入为出(2)end up with 以结束end up doing sth.最后做某事；最终做某事(3)ending n. 结局；结尾endless adj. 无止境的；连续的the meeting was nearly at_an_end when i got to the meeting room.当我到达会议室时，会议快要结束了。its hard work but if you hang on you will succeed in_the_end.这是项困难的工作，但如果你坚持，最后是能成功的。by_the_end_of this week, i will have finished most of the work.到本周末为止，我将会完成大部分工作。many families struggled to make_ends_meet in economic crisis.经济危机时很多家庭努力使收支平衡。at first he refused to accept any responsibility but he ended_up_apologizing.最初他拒不承认有任何责任，到头来还是道了歉。a (great) number of 许多；大量的教材原句such a great number of people died because the quake happened while they were sleeping.(p27)那么多人丧生是因为地震发生在人们睡觉的时候。(1) 可数名词复数(2) 不可数名词(3) 可数名词复数或不可数名词(4)单数可数名词单数谓语动词(1)a number of “许多的；大量的”，后面跟可数名词复数形式。number之前可加某些表示数量大小的形容词。a number of加复数名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。the number of “的数量”，后面跟可数名词复数形式。the number of 加复数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。(2)a great many后修饰可数名词时，通常不加of，但名词前有定冠词the或形容词性物主代词修饰时要加上of。(3)large quantities ofpl. n/u n作主语，谓语动词用复数；a large quantity ofpl. n. /u n作主语，谓语动词应和名词的数保持一致：复数名词时，动词用复数形式，不可数名词时，谓语动词用单数；large amounts ofu n作主语，谓语动词用复数；a large amount ofu n作主语，谓语动词用单数。a large number of people have_applied for the job.许多人申请了这工作。the number of visitors to phuket island in thailand has now greatly increased.到泰国普吉岛的游客数量现在大幅增加。with more and more forests cut down, large quantities of soil are_being_washed away.由于越来越多的森林被砍伐，大量的土壤正被冲走。many a famous pop star has_been ruined by drugs.很多著名的流行音乐歌星都被毒品毁了。.选词填空in ruins； a large number of； at an end； right away； think little of； dig out1hearing the news that his mother was ill in hospital, he rushed to the hospital _.答案：right away2i had a pain in my back, but _ it at the time.答案：thought little of3i am writing to apply for it for the simple reason that i love reading and i own _ books.答案：a large number of4this latest injury must surely mean that her tennis career is now _.答案：at an end5some of them _ the earth, others were carrying the earth away in wheelbarrows, while the rest stood doing nothing.答案：were digging out6what surprised us was that the whole city lay _ in such a short time.答案：in ruins.完成句子1she left the room hurriedly _.她匆忙离开房间好像生气的样子。答案：as if (she was) angry2he demanded that his salary _.他要求应该立刻给他加工资。答案：should be increased right away3they did whatever they couldfrom tutoring to washing cars_ for charity.他们竭尽所能，包括辅导功课到给别人洗车来为慈善机构筹集资金。答案：to raise money4its good for you to run _.在户外跑步，对你来说是有益的。答案：in the open airin the farmyards，the chickens and even the pigs were too nervous to eat. (p26)在农场里，鸡群甚至连猪都紧张得不吃食了。too . to . “太而不能”，表示否定意义，而在下列情况中表示肯定意义：(1)only/just/but too . to . “非常去做”too前的only/just/but不仅没有否定意义，反而加重了too的肯定语气。(2)too后面的形容词为表示心情或描绘性形容词的时候，如：happy, pleased, willing, thankful, delighted, anxious, eager, kind, good等，表示肯定意义。(3)too . to . 中的too前面有never/cant等时，此结构为双重否定表示肯定。cant . too . /cant . enough “越越好；再也不为过”。its too_late_to_do anything about it now.现在进行任何补救都为时已晚。he is only too_delighted_to accept your invitation.他非常高兴地接受了你的邀请。you cant_be_too_careful/cant_be_careful_enough while driving a car.在开车时，你越小心越好。(1)本句中as ifas though意为“仿佛；好像”，引导表语从句。常放在be, look, seem, sound, smell, feel等系动词之后。(2)as if还可引导状语从句。当说话人认为从句所陈述的是不真实的或不可能发生/存在的情况时，从句谓语常用虚拟语气，结构如下：与现在事实相反从句谓语动词用过去式(be动词用were)与过去事实相反从句谓语动词用had done与将来事实相反从句谓语动词用would/could/might/should do如果as if引导的从句中的主语和主句的主语相同，且含有be动词，可省略从句中的主语和be动词，这样as if后就只剩下名词、不定式、形容词(短语)、介词短语或分词。when fat and salt are removed from food, the food tastes as_if it is missing something.当食物中去掉了脂肪和盐的时候，它尝起来似乎缺少了什么。when a pencil is partly put into a glass of water, it looks as if it were broken.当把铅笔的一部分放进水里时，它看上去好像断了。he behaved as if nothing had_happened.他表现得若无其事。the football player is rolling on the ground as if (he_is)_hurt_badly in the leg.这个足球运动员在操场上打着滚，似乎他的腿伤得很厉害。(1)英语中的all, both, each, every, everybody, everything, completely, always, whole, entirely等具有总括意义的代词、形容词或副词与否定词not连用时，无论not位置如何，均构成部分否定，表示“并非都”的意思。(2)英语中的no, none, never, nobody, nothing, neither, no one, nowhere, no more, no longer, no way等表否定意义的词(组)与肯定式谓语一起使用构成全部否定。 both的全部否定为neither; all的全部否定为none; either 与否定词连用表全部否定。its impossible for all the applicants to get the jobs, because not_all_of_them are fit for them.所有的求职者都找到工作是不可能的，因为并非所有人都能胜任这些工作。both of the two math problems are_not very difficult.not_both of the two math problems are very difficult.这两道数学题并非都很难。he told me all pieces of the news, but none_of_them was very exciting.他告诉了我所有的消息，但没有一条激动人心的。.单句语法填空1he had lost his courage and his health in the war and never found _ of them again.答案：either否定词never与either连用表示全部否定。句意：在战争中他失去了勇气和健康，并且再也不能把这些找回来了。2she walked here and there on the playground as if _ (look) for something.答案：looking此处为状语从句的省略，从句补充完整为：as if she was looking for something。由于从句中的主语与主句的主语一致，且含有be动词，故省略了从句中的主语和be动词，故用looking。3i cant thank you _ much for all your help to my son while we were away from home.答案：too此处为“cant . too .”结构，意为“无论也不为过”。4school started, but i felt more and more nervous as if i _ (be) in a foreign country now.答案：were由句末的now可知，此处as if引导的从句表示与现在事实相反的情况，故用were。5i agree with most of what you said, but i dont agree with _.答案：everything否定词与every, all等连用时表部分否定，根据语境可知，空处填everything。.完成句子1just as an old saying goes：“it is never _.”正如那句老话：“活到老，学到老”。答案：too old to learn2_， for it is quite hard for some of them.并不是所有人都愿意做这样的工作，因为它对于有些人来说太难了。答案：not all people are willing to do such work3he looked sad as if he _ the next day.他看上去很悲伤，就像第二天要没命一样。答案：would die定语从句()在主从复合句中，对某一名词或代词起修饰作用的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，引导定语从句的词叫关系词。关系词分为关系代词(that, which, who, whom, whose, as等)和关系副词(when, where, why等)两类。关系词通常有三个作用：(1)连接主从句；(2)指代先行词；(3)在定语从句中充当一个句子成分。关系代词的基本用法指代对象指代人指代物使用情况主语who, thatwhich, that从句中缺少主语或宾语宾语whom, thatwhich, that定语whosewhose先行词与从句主语有所属关系a man who/that is perfectly pleased with the present state of things is a failure.完全满足于现状的人是失败者。the building which/that stands near the river is our school.在河附近的大楼是我们学校。that is the book that/which i want to read.那是我想读的那本书。do you know the man whose name is wang bing?你知道那个叫王冰的人吗？the building whose windows face south was built last year.窗户朝南的那座建筑是去年建成的。关系代词的选择条件：从句中缺少主语或宾语时，选用关系代词。注意：有些情况只用that不用which，或只用which不用that，要在平时学习中不断积累。.单句语法填空1the little problems _ we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for great inventions.答案：that分析句子结构可知，空格处引导定语从句，先行词是the little problems，从句中缺少宾语，且先行词被little修饰，故用that。句意：我们在日常生活中遇到的小问题有可能是伟大发明的灵感。2in china, the