高考英语一轮复习 第一编 教材回眸 Unit 1 Women of achievement讲义 新人教版必修4.doc

unit 1 women of achievement 【题目优选】请根据下表的提示写一篇英语短文。屠呦呦1.1930年12月30日出生于中国浙江宁波。2.1955年毕业于北京医学院。3.发现青蒿素，减少了疟疾患者的死亡率。4.2015年获得诺贝尔生理学或医学奖。5.第一位获得诺贝尔奖的中国科学家。你能从她身上学到什么？参考词汇：青蒿素artemisinin疟疾malaria死亡率death rate诺贝尔生理学或医学奖the nobel prize in physiology or medicine北京医学院beijing medical college【经典范文】tu youyou was born in ningbo, zhejiang province of china on december 30, 1930.in 1955, she graduated from beijing medical college. after graduation, she was devoted to finding artemisinin. she was awarded the 2015 nobel prize in physiology or medicine for the discovery of artemisinin, a drug that has greatly reduced death rates from malaria. she is the first chinese scientist who got the nobel prize. personally, she has set a good example for us students and we can learn a lot from her. not only her perseverance and persistence but also her diligence and optimism are what we can benefit from.【名师点拨】本文言简意赅，层次清晰，表达完整。文中运用了较高级的词汇和短语。如：graduate from (毕业于), be devoted to (全身心地投入到), personally (在我看来), set a good example for (为树立好榜样)等。在句式及句法方面运用了多样化的结构。如：定语从句：that has greatly reduced death rates from malaria; who got the nobel prize；并列结构：not only her perseverance and persistence but also her diligence and optimism；表语从句：what we can benefit from等。所有这些都体现了作者扎实的语言基础和熟练运用语言的能力，因而，本文是一篇不错的范文。1核心单词(1)campaign(n.) 运动；战役 (vi.) 作战；参加运动(2)behave(v.) 举动；(举止或行为) 表现behaviour(n.) 行为；举止；习性(3)shade(n.) 荫；阴凉处 (vt.) 遮住光线(形近词) shadow(n.) 阴影；影子(4)observe(vt.) 观察；观测；遵守observation(n.) 观察；观测(5)respect(vt.& n) 尊敬；尊重；敬意(6)argue(v.) 讨论；辩论；争论argument(n.) 争论；争辩；争吵(7)crowd(n.)人群；观众 (vt.) 挤满；使拥挤crowded (adj.) 拥挤的(8)support(n.& vt.) 支持；拥护supporter(n.) 支持者；拥护者supporting(adj.) 次要的；配角的；支撑的(9)refer(vi.) 谈到；参考；查阅reference(n.) 提及；涉及；参考；查阅referred(过去式/过去分词)(10)intend(vt.) 计划；打算intention(n.) 打算；目的；意图(11)deliver(vt.) 递送；生(小孩儿)；接生；发表(演说等)delivery(n.) 投递；交货；分娩2阅读单词(1)achievement (n.) 成就；功绩 (2)welfare (n.) 福利；福利事业 (3)project (n.) 项目；工程；规划 (4)institute (n.) 学会；学院；协会 (5)specialist (n.) 专家；专业工作者 (6)connection (n.) 连接；关系 (7)organization (n.) 组织；机构；团体 (8)entertainment (n.) 款待；娱乐；娱乐表演 (9)inspire (vt.) 鼓舞；激发；启示 (10)audience (n.) 观众；听众；读者 (11)rate (n.) 比率；速度 (12)considerate (adj.) 考虑周到的 (13)modest (adj.) 谦虚的；谦让的；适度的 【即景活用】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空1do you want to get this book _(deliver) to your house or would you prefer to come to the shop for it yourself?答案：delivered2the children have been so noisy. let me go and tell them _(behave) themselves.答案：to behave3on the national day, the streets _(crowd)with a large number of people.答案：are crowded4i _(intend) to take a holiday last year, but i was fully occupied with an unexpected job.答案：had intended5she is an agriculture _(special), who devotes all her life to the research into agriculture.答案：specialist6last night bruce _(observe)to leave the building with two young men and take a taxi away.答案：was observed7i was impressed by his _(inspire) words, and i decided to cooperate with him.答案：inspiring8there was a heated _(argue) about whether he was suitable for the position.答案：argument9he was such a selfless man that everybody _(respect) him.答案：respected10if you want to help the poor, you can join the _(organize), which usually has some such activities.答案：organization联想积累1后缀ment构成的抽象名词一览achievement成就；功绩adjustment调整advertisement广告agreement协议amusement娱乐；消遣announcement宣布appointment约定argument争论arrangement安排entertainment 款待；娱乐2以ist为后缀的高频名词artartist艺术家pianopianist钢琴家tourtourist游客sciencescientist科学家journaljournalist新闻工作者；记者socialsocialist社会主义者specialspecialist专家psychologypsychologist心理学家3以hood结尾的名词adulthood成年boyhood少年时期brotherhood兄弟关系；手足之情childhood童年；幼年时代neighborhood街坊；社区；邻里1move_off 离开；起程；出发2work_out 解决；锻炼身体；弄懂3lead a . life 过着的生活4crowd_in (想法、问题等)涌上心头；涌入脑海5look_down_upon/on 蔑视；瞧不起6refer to查阅；参考；谈到 7by chance碰巧；凑巧 8come across (偶然)遇见；碰见 9carry on 继续；坚持 【即景活用】用所给短语的适当形式填空carry on， move off， refer to， crowd in， look down on/upon， by chance1the conductor blew his whistle and the train slowly _ .答案：moved off2complete the exercise without _a dictionary.答案：referring to3youll have an accident if you _driving like that.答案：carry on4sweet memories _as i looked at the pictures which were taken at the beach in qingdao last summer.答案：crowded in5nothing happens _or by means of good luck.答案：by chance6i wish you wouldnt _this kind of work. after all it is important to our company.答案：look down on/upon联想积累1“v.off”短语速记move off离开；出发pay off还清；取得好结果put off推迟show off炫耀；卖弄take off起飞；脱掉give off发出(光、热、气味等)set off出发；爆炸2“v.on”短语小结base . on . 以为基础carry on继续depend on依赖；依靠；取决于get on进展；进步；相处go on继续put on穿上；体重增加rely on依赖；依靠take on开始具有；呈现try on试穿3by相关短语by chance 碰巧by accident 碰巧；偶然地by design 故意地by weight 按重量计算by nature 生来；天生地one by one 一个接一个地step by step 一步一步地1only after her mother came to help her for the first few months was she allowed to begin her project.她母亲头几个月来帮她的忙，这才使她得以开始自己的计划。2once i stop, it all comes crowding in and i remember the chimps in laboratories.我一旦停下来，所有的一切都会涌上心头，我就会想起实验室里的黑猩猩。【句式仿写】1practice makes perfect, as the saying goes. _our spoken english.俗话说，熟能生巧。只有这样我们才能提高我们的英语口语。答案：only in this way can we improve2_ , it will take many years for the farmland to recover.农田一旦被毁坏，将会花费很多年才能恢复。答案：once (it is) damaged联想积累only用法大全only在句首修饰介词短语/副词/状语从句时，句子部分倒装。注意修饰状语从句时，主句要用倒装语序，从句不用倒装语序。only在句首修饰句子的主语时，不用倒装语序，如：only he knew the secret.only if后面接条件状语从句，用陈述语气，主句用部分倒装句，意为“只要”， if only “要是就好了”，后面跟的是虚拟语气的句子，表示与事实相反的假设。 单词点津behavevt. & vi. 举动；(举止或行为)表现教材原句jane has studied these families of chimps for many years and helped people understand how much they behave like humans.简研究这些黑猩猩家族已经很多年了，她帮助人们了解黑猩猩跟人类的行为是多么的相似。(1)behave well/badly to/towards sb.对待某人好/差behave oneself守规矩；表现得体(2)wellbehaved adj.表现好的badlybehaved adj.表现差的(3)behaviour n.举止；行为【即景活用】(1)单句语法填空joanna left her husband because of his unacceptable _(behave)he is old enough to behave _(he)答案：behaviourhimself(2)单句改错he was not to be served because he visited the bar often and did not behave good._答案：goodwellobservevt. 观察；观测；遵守；庆祝教材原句she spent years observing and recording their daily activities.她花了多年的时间来观察并记录黑猩猩的日常活动。(1)observe sb. do sth. 观察/看到某人做某事(全过程)observe sb. doing sth.观察/看到某人正在做某事observe that . 发现，观察(2)observation n.观察；观测be under observation受到监视/观察【即景活用】(1)单句语法填空the guard observed a young man_(steal) from the office, and he tried to approach him quietly.it is everybodys duty _(observe) the rules to keep our society in order and going on the right track.the little baby is under _(observe) and treatment in hospital.答案：stealingto observeobservation(2)完成句子some western people now _too.现在有些西方人也过春节。答案：observe the spring festivalrespectn. & vt. 尊敬；尊重；敬意教材原句for forty years jane goodall has been outspoken about making the rest of the world understand and respect the life of these animals.40年来，简古道尔一直在呼吁世人了解并尊重这些动物的生活。(1)respect sb. for sth.因某事而尊重/敬佩某人(2)have/show respect for sb.尊重某人 out of respect for . 出于对的尊敬；顾及(3)respected adj.受尊敬的；受敬重的 respectable adj.受人尊敬的；正派的；(行为)体面的respectful adj. 有礼貌的；恭敬的respective adj. 各自的(仅用于名词前)【即景活用】(1)单句语法填空he is such a great man that all of us show our respect _him.local customs and culture should _(respect) by all the tourists.our english teacher was so _ (respect) that i respected him very much.答案：forbe respectedrespectable(2)完成句子my vegetarianism is _ .我的素食主义是出于对动物的尊重。答案：out of respect for animalsarguevi. & vt. 讨论；辩论；争论教材原句she has argued that wild animals should be left in the wild and not used for entertainment or advertisements.她主张应该让野生动物留在野外生活，而不能用于娱乐或广告。(1)argue with sb. over/about sth.与某人就某事争辩argue for为据理力争argue against据理反对argue sb. into doing sth.说服某人去做某事argue sb. out of doing sth.说服某人不做某事(2)argument n争辩；争论【即景活用】(1)单句语法填空gun control is a subject _which americans have argued for a long time.the author supported the theme of the text by stating his _(argue)答案：over/aboutargument(2)完成句子he _the best place for a holiday.他和露茜争论度假的最佳地方。they tried to _joining them.他们试图说服她加入他们。答案：argued with lucy over/aboutargue her intointendvt. 计划；打算教材原句i looked carefully at the text and realized that it was intended for women in the countryside.我仔细地看了这篇文章，了解到那是为农村妇女写的。(1)intend to do/doing sth. 打算做某事intend sb. to do sth. 打算让某人做某事intend that .打算原本打算做(2)intention n. 意图；意向have no intention of doing sth. 没有做某事的打算with the intention of doing sth. 打算【即景活用】(1)单句语法填空he has made up his mind to intend his son _(manage) the company.i meant it to be an informal discussion, but it didnt turn out as i _(intend)he left england with the _(intend) of travelling in africa.答案：to managehad intendedintention(2)单句改错the school to be built is intending for the disabled children._答案：intendingintended短语点拨look down upon/on 蔑视；轻视；瞧不起教材原句many people look down upon poor people.许多人瞧不起穷人。look back on 回顾look forward to 盼望；期盼look sb. in the eye 直视某人look into 调查look on 旁观look on . as 把看作look out for 注意观察；留心look through 翻查；翻找【即景活用】完成句子the days when china _are gone forever.中国被瞧不起的日子已一去不返了。old people enjoy _the past while the young enjoy looking ahead.老年人喜欢回顾过去而年轻人喜欢展望未来。when crossing the street, _the coming cars.过街时，注意来往车辆。many families _education _an investment in this area.在这一地区很多家庭将教育视为一种投资。答案：was looked down on/uponlooking back onlook out forlook on; asrefer to 谈到；提及；查阅；参考教材原句if the word group refers to different members, use a plural verb.如果group这个词指不同成员，用动词的复数形式。(1)refer sb./sth. to sb./sth. 把提交给refer to . as . 把称作refer sb. to sth. (正式说法)叫某人去某处(查阅资料)(2)reference n. 提及，涉及；参考，参考书【特别提醒】look up表示“查阅”时，其宾语多为word, information等；而refer to表示“参考；查阅”时，其宾语多为book, dictionary等。【即景活用】(1)单句语法填空in his letter, he _(refer) to his dog as “the captain”check the _(refer) book to see if the grammar is true.答案：referredreference(2)完成句子it was foolish of him _his notes during that important test, and as a result, he got punished.在那么重要的考试中他查阅笔记真是愚蠢，结果，他被惩处了。the members _the committee, as they were unable to make a decision.成员们把这个问题交给委员会处理，因为他们无法做出决定。答案：to refer toreferred the question tocarry on 继续；坚持教材原句why not study at medical college like lin qiaozhi and carry on her good work?为什么不像林巧稚那样去读医学院，继续她的事业呢？【即景活用】完成句子they decided to _the work in spite of the weather.不管天气如何，他们都决定继续工作下去。seeing that he could not _his plan, he gave it up.看到不能实施自己的计划，他就放弃了。答案：carry on withcarry out句型与语法教材原句following janes way of studying chimps, our group are all going to visit them in the forest.我们一行人准备按照简研究黑猩猩的方法去森林里拜访它们。(1)本句中our group属于集体名词。此处强调组内成员，因此谓语动词用复数形式are，此处属于主谓一致的用法。(2)主谓一致是指句子中的谓语在人称、数及意义方面要与作主语的名词或代词保持一致。集合名词作主语时的主谓一致：通常用作复数的集合名词，如：police, people, cattle, goods等作主语时，谓语动词要用复数。只用作单数的不可数集合名词，如：clothing, poetry, baggage/luggage, furniture, scenery, jewellery, information, equipment等作主语时，其后谓语动词要用单数。既可以表单数意义也可表复数意义的集合名词，如：family, group, class, grade, team, army, nation, crowd, population, company, government, committee等作主语时，根据其代表的意义决定。即表示整体意义时，谓语动词要用单数；表示个体意义时，谓语动词要用复数。【即景活用】(1)单句语法填空the class _(be) very bright especially in science subjects.the family _(be) the tiniest cell of the society.the public now _(come) to know the whole story.the public _(have) every reason to be cautious of professional deception.答案：areiscomehas(2)单句改错the goods has been chosen for military use._答案：hashave教材原句suddenly it hit me how difficult it was for a woman to get medical training at that time.我突然想起在那个年代，一个女子去学医是多么难。it hit sb. that . 是一个固定句型，意为“某人突然想到”，it在句中作形式主语。类似的句式还有：it occurs/occurred to sb. that .某人突然想到it strikes/struck sb. that .某人突然想到it happens/happened that .碰巧【即景活用】(1)单句语法填空_had never hit him that he might be falling in love with her.it occurred to me _i had ever seen him before.答案：itthat(2)完成句子_i knew how to solve that problem.我突然想到我知道怎样解决那个问题了。_they spent their childhood in the same village.碰巧他们的童年是在同一个村子度过的。答案：it suddenly occurred to/hit/struck me thatit happened thatjane goodall was born in london, england, on april 3, 1934. since childhood, she was attracted by animals and animal stories.in 1957, the 23yearold goodall went to kenya to work as a secretary. she also arranged to meet the famous _1_(special), louis leakey, who hired her as his assistant. she went with him on many trips to the african jungles and in 1960, leakey sent goodall_2_(observe) chimpanzees in a remote animal preserve,recording the animals _3_(behave). _4_ , this was not easy. when she first _5_(arrive)in gombe in 1960, it was unusual for a woman to live in the forest. only after her mother came to help her _6_the first few months was she allowed to begin her project. her work changed the way people think about chimps. for example, one important thing she discovered was _7_chimps hunt and eat meat. until then everyone had thought chimps ate only fruit and nuts. she actually observed chimps as a group _8_(hunt) a monkey and then eating _9_ . she also discovered how chimps communicate with each other, and her study of their body language helped her work out their social system. what she did set a good example for others _10_(achieve) their goals.1_ 2._ 3._ 4._ 5._ 6._ 7._ 8._ 9._ 10._ 答案：1.specialist2.to observe3.behaviour4.however5.arrived6.for7.that8.hunting9.it10.to achieve.单句语法填空1nowadays, cycling, along with jogging and swimming, _(regard) as one of the best allround forms of exercise.答案：is regarded当主语后面接由along with引起的短语时，谓语动词应和主语(cycling)保持一致；cycling与regard之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，且此处描述一般事实。2he was observed by officers _(drive) at 90 miles per hour.答案：drivingobserve在本句中意为“注意到，发现”，在句中构成observe sb. doing sth. 结构的被动式，用v.ing表示动作正在进行。3many times the person who hurt you does not intend _ (apologize)答案：to apologizeintend to do sth. “打算做某事”。4whichever way you look at it, an olympic silver medal is a remarkable _(achieve) for one so young.答案：achievementa remarkable achievement “一个非凡的成就”。5with our teacher _(support) us, we feel quite encouraged.答案：supportingsupport “支持”前有with, 因此应使用所填词的非谓语动词形式，且teacher和support构成逻辑上的主谓关系，故填supporting。6he has decided to get a look at the house and see if it might be worthwhile _(buy) it.答案：buying/to buyit is worthwhile doing/to do sth. “值得做某事”。7the little boys bad _(behave) at the party made his parents upset.答案：behaviourbehaviour “行为”是名词，此处作主语。8tolerance consists in _(respect) the opinions of others.答案：respecting句意：宽容在于尊重别人的观点。介词后应用动词ing形式。9computers have replaced televisions as our most popular form of _(entertain)答案：entertainment介词of后应为名词entertainment “娱乐活动；娱乐”。10what i would like to do today is to advance an _(argue) and see what you make of it.答案：argument由an可知，应填argument名词“论点”。.单句改错1after his death, his children will certainly carry out his career._答案：outoncarry on “继续；坚持”。2it didnt occur to me he would refuse my invitation._答案：me后加thatit didnt/doesnt occur to sb. that “某人没有想到”。3if you fail to delivery the goods according to the agreed time, you should be fined._答案：deliverydeliverfail to do sth. “没有做某事”，deliver the goods “送货”，delivery是名词。4you should refer this matter with our teacher for a decision._答案：withtorefer sth. to sb. “把某事交给某人(解决)”。5we fear that local students would look down at and bully our children._答案：aton/uponlook down on/upon “瞧不起；看不起”。.语法填空our group springhill baptist church started a food pantry (食品储藏室) to help out members of the community. as part of the program, we buy the food that will _1_(distribute) and make boxes for distribution. we do this on _2_regular basisthe second monday of every month.one day, as my friend and i _3_(load) our grocery carts with the necessary items in the store, a gentleman asked us, “_4_do you get so many items？” we explained we were doing our _5_(month) grocery shopping and gave him some details about our program._6_(say) that it was great, he went on with his business. after gathering everything on our list, we started unloading the food to check out at the counter, only _7_(inform) by the cashier that our bill had already been paid. the gentleman who asked about our_8_(intend) had left his credit card number to pay _9_our order and then walked off. he had no idea what the cost was before he left. we were _10_(extreme) shocked at the generosi