高考英语一轮复习 第二部分 重点语法突破 专题二 无提示词填空 第六讲 并列句和状语从句讲义 新人教版.doc

第六讲并列句和状语从句part 真题变式体验12017江苏高考located_the belt meets the road, jiangsu will contribute more to the belt and road construction.答案：wherelocated_ . meets . 表示“位于和交汇处”， 设空处引导地点状语从句且在从句中作地点状语，故填where。22017北京高考peter, please send us postcards_ well know where you have visited.no problem.答案：so设空处前后两部分为因果关系，故填连词so。此处so表示结果，意为：这样我们就可以知道你去过什么地方了。32017北京高考_birds use their feathers for flight, some of their feathers are for other purposes.答案：although/though句意：虽然鸟用羽毛来飞翔， 但是它们的一些羽毛也用作其他用途。although “虽然，尽管”，引导让步状语从句，根据句意填although/though。42017北京高考if you dont understand something, you may research, study, and talk to other people_you figure it out.答案：until/till句意：如果你不明白某件事情， 你可以研究， 学习， 也可以与其他人谈谈，直到弄明白为止。until “直到”， 引导时间状语从句， 符合句意。52016北京高考i am not afraid of tomorrow, _ i have seen yesterday and i love today.答案：for句意：我不惧怕明天，因为我已经看到了昨天并热爱今天。根据句意可知，前后分句为因果关系，故答案为for，表示补充说明原因。62016北京高考my grandfather still plays tennis now and then, _ hes in his nineties.答案：even though/even if/although/though句意：尽管我的爷爷九十多岁了，他仍时常打网球。根据句意可知，空格处可填even though/even if/although/though引导让步状语从句。72016北京高考i really enjoy listening to music _ it helps me relax and takes my mind away from other cares of the day.答案：because/as句意：我真的很喜欢听音乐，因为它可以帮我放松并使我不操心一天中的其他烦心事。空格前后为因果关系，故答案为because或as。82016天津高考_ the average age of the population increases, there are more and more old people to care for.答案：as句意：随着人口平均年龄的增长，有越来越多的老年人需要照顾。由句意可知，此处应用as引导时间状语从句。92016浙江高考_online shopping has changed our life, not all of its effects have been positive.答案：while/although/though句意：虽然网购改变了我们的生活，但并不是它的所有影响都是正面的。根据句意可知，用while/although/though引导让步状语从句。102015重庆高考if you miss this chance, it may be years _ you get another one.答案：beforebefore此处引导时间状语从句，且是固定句式“. it will/may be时间段before状语从句”，表示“要过多久才”。part 语篇真题演练阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。2015广东高考mr johnson lived in the woods with his wife and children. he owned _16_ farm, which looked almost abandoned. _17_ (lucky), he also had a cow which produced milk every day. he sold or exchanged some of the milk in the towns nearby _18_ other food and made cheese and butter for the family with what _19_(leave). the cow was their only means of support, in fact. one day, the cow was eating grass _20_ it began to rain heavily. while making great efforts to run away, she _21_ (fall) over the hill and died. then the johnsons had to make a living _22_ the cow. in order to support his family, mr johnson began to plant herbs and vegetables. since the plants took a while to grow, he started cutting down trees _23_ (sell) the wood. thinking about his childrens clothes, he started growing cotton too. when harvest came around, he was already selling herbs, vegetables and cotton in the market _24_ people from the towns met regularly. now it occurred to_25_ that his farm had much potential and that the death of the cow was a bit of luck.16_17._18._19._20_21._22._23._24_25._step 1：通读全文，掌握主旨大意。本文是一篇记叙文。讲述的是约翰逊先生和家人住在树林中，他有一个看着几乎荒芜的农场，全家人的生活只依靠一头奶牛。可是有一天奶牛死了，奶牛的死却给他们家带来了一点幸运。step 2：逐题解答，确定答案。16a考查冠词。根据空格位置在动词与可数名词单数之间可知，此处应填不定冠词。17luckily考查词性转换。位于句首的空格并用逗号隔开，可知应填副词修饰整个句子。18for考查介词。设空处与exchange构成固定搭配。exchange . for . “用交换，兑换”。19was_left考查动词的时态和语态。what与leave之间为被动关系，且文章的整体时态为过去时，故此处用一般过去时的被动语态。20when考查连词。此处为固定句式be doing . when . “正在做，突然/这时”。21fell考查动词的时态。在主语之后，且该句无谓语，可知此处应填谓语动词，与died并列，用一般过去时。22without考查介词。根据空格的位置和语义可知，此处填介词，表示“没有”。23to_sell考查非谓语动词。该句中已有谓语且无连词，可知此处填非谓语形式。根据语义可知，此处表目的，故用不定式。24where考查定语从句的引导词。空前后均是句子，故应填连接词；空格位于名词之后，可知设空处引导定语从句，且在从句中作地点状语。25him考查代词。由固定句式“it occurs to sb. that .”可知，此处sb.指代mr johnson，且应填宾格形式。step 3：代入验证。需保证语法结构正确且语义符合逻辑，这样才能确保万无一失。知识清单(1)常见并列连词的用法；(2)常见的状语从句及其引导词；(3)不同状语从句的注意事项；(4)地点状语从句与定语从句(关系副词引导)的区别；(5)状语从句中的省略情况。学情分析考生在学习复合句的过程中存在着以下几点问题：(1)对主从句之间的逻辑关系判断不清，无从选择连词；(2)对某些从属连词语义掌握不到位，不明确其使用的具体语言环境；(3)同一状语从句中的连词混淆使用，不能区别对待。考点1并列句1并列连词归纳2使用时要特别注意其特性(1)and, not only . but (also) ., neither . nor . 等词或短语连接的并列句，在意义上主要对前一句子作补充或引申。one day, i was late, and my teacher was angry.有一天我迟到了，我的老师生气了。think it over, and youll find a way out.仔细考虑，你将发现一条出路。not only is he himself interested in the subject, but his students also begin to show interest in it.不仅他自己对这个科目感兴趣，他的学生也开始表现出兴趣。(2)or, either . or . 连接并列句表示选择意义。the children can go with us, or they can stay in. 孩子们可以跟我们一起去，也可以留下。be careful, or you will break your neck. 小心点，否则你会折断脖子的。the lovely vase is either empty or filled with some corruption.漂亮的花瓶不是腹中空空就是败絮其中。3注意事项(1)“祈使句and/or陈述句”句型：该句型中的祈使句表示条件，后面的陈述句表示结果。and表示前后句意思的顺承，or意为“否则，要不然”，表示相反的结果。go straight on, and youll see a church.一直向前走，你就会看到一座教堂。dont turn off the computer before closing all programs, or you could have problems.在关闭所有程序前不要关闭电脑，要不然会出问题的。具体运用中，该句型中的祈使句常省略为名词短语等。one more minute, and we can finish the job much better.再给一分钟，我们会把工作做得更好。(2)but/while/however的区别：but表示意义的转折；while既表示转折又表示对比；however为表示转折意义的副词，常用逗号与句子其他部分隔开。neighbors should do all they can to avoid disturbing other people, but there are times when some level of disturbance is unavoidable.邻居们应尽可能避免烦扰别人，但是很多时候有些打扰是不可避免的。theres no way of knowing why one man makes an important discovery while another man, also intelligent, fails.为什么一个人会做出一个重要的发现，而另一个人，也很聪明但是失败了，这不得而知。(3)并列连词when的用法：when可作并列连词，意为“正在这时”，表示某件事正在发生或刚刚发生时，突然发生另一动作。tom was about to close the window when his attention was caught by a bird.汤姆正要关窗户，这时他的注意力被一只鸟吸引住了。one friday, we were packing to leave for a weekend away when my daughter heard cries for help.一个礼拜五，我们正在收拾行李去度周末，这时我的女儿听到求救的呼喊声。he had just finished his homework when his mother asked him to play the piano.他刚完成作业母亲就让他弹钢琴。典题12017北京海淀区模拟the number of hutongs in beijing is decreasing, _ they still attract tourists from all over the world.答案but句意：北京胡同的数量在减少，但仍吸引了来自全世界的游客。根据句意可知，前后两个分句之间是转折关系，所以填but。典题22018山东潍坊模拟it is a constant state of worry _ this feels like your heart is in your throat.答案and句意：这是一种不断担忧的状态，并且这就像心提到嗓子眼一般。根据句意理解可知，空格前后两句之间为并列关系，故填and。典题32017唐山市三模some students welcome the new rule, saying its a necessary skill which can save lives, _ others argue that its not reasonable to link degrees with swimming ability.答案while/but句意：一些学生们欢迎这个新规定，认为这是拯救生命的一项技能，然而另外一些学生认为把学位和游泳能力联系在一起是不合理的。根据句意说明前后句是一种转折或对比的关系，因此填while或but。考点2时间状语从句1when, while, as 引导的时间状语从句(1)when 表示“当时，在期间”。when i lived there, i used to go to the seashore on sundays.我住在那里时，星期天常到海滨去。(2)while 表示“在期间”，从句中谓语动词常用延续性动词。please dont talk so loud while others are working.在别人工作的时候，请别这么大声音说话。(3)as表示“一边一边；随着”。as time goes on, its getting warmer and warmer.随着时间的推移，天气变得越来越温暖了。注意：(1)如果主句表示的是短暂性动作，而从句用延续性动词的进行时表示在一段时间内正在进行的动作时，when/while/as 可以互换使用。when/while/as i was walking down the street， i came across an old friend of mine.我正沿着大街走时，碰巧遇到了我的一位老朋友。(2)when还可表原因，意为“既然”。how can i help them to understand when they wont listen to me？既然他们不听我说，我怎么帮他们理解？2as soon as, immediately, directly, instantly, the moment, the minute, the instant, no sooner . than ., hardly/scarcely . when . 和once (一就)这些从属连词引导的从句都表示主从句的动作一前一后紧接着发生，常译为“一就”。从句中用一般时代替将来时。the moment i heard the voice，i knew father was coming.我一听到那个声音就知道父亲来了。the boy burst into tears immediately he saw his mother.那男孩一见到他妈妈便放声大哭。注意：no sooner . than ., hardly/scarcely . when . 的时态搭配：no sooner与hardly/scarcely所在的句子谓语动词应用过去完成时，而than与when引导的句子谓语动词应用一般过去时。此外，当把no sooner和hardly/scarcely提到句首时，应用倒装语序。he had no sooner finished his speech than the students started cheering.no sooner had he finished his speech than the students started cheering.他刚完成演讲学生们就开始欢呼起来。3before与since引导的时间状语从句(1)before与since的常用句式。it will be two years before he leaves the country.再过两年他才会离开这个国家。it wasnt two years before he left the country.不到两年他就离开了这个国家。(2)since引导的从句如果用非延续性动词，所表示的动作自从句谓语动作算起；若用延续性动词，所表示的动作自从句谓语的动作或状态的完成或结束时算起。its two years since we arrived here.我们到这儿两年了。its three years since we lived there.我们不住在那里有三年了。4every time, each time, next time, the last time等名词短语用来引导时间状语从句，表示“每当，每次，下次，上次”等every/each time i was in trouble, he would come to help me out.每当我处于困境，他就会来帮助我。next time you come, do remember to bring your son here.下次你来的时候，一定记着把你儿子带来。the last time she saw james, he was lying in bed.上次她看见詹姆斯的时候，他正躺在床上。5“itbe时间从句”句型“itbe时间从句”句型是高考考查的热点，其中连接词的选择是个难点。突破这个难点的关键是要把握好句意，根据句意的需要选择合适的连接词：(1)表示“之后才(能)，过一段时间才”，用“itbe时间段before从句”，而“itbenot时间段before从句”，则意为“没多久就”。it will be three weeks before we have the next exam.我们要过三周才进行下一次考试。it will not be long before we finish the work.用不了多久我们就会完成这项工作。(2)表示“自以来有多长时间了”，用“itbe时间段since从句”，如果主句用一般现在时，从句用一般过去时；如果主句用一般过去时，则从句用过去完成时。it is three years since he joined the army.自从他参军已经三年了。he said it was three years since he had joined the army.他说他参军已三年了。(3)“it be时间状语that其他”构成强调句型，意思是“就是在某一时间发生了某事”。it was at six oclock that we got home.就是在六点我们到了家。(4)“it be时间点when从句”表示“某事发生在什么时间”，it指代时间。it was six oclock when we got home.当我们到家的时候六点了。典题42017辽宁葫芦岛模拟although some people played jokes on the answers, it didnt take long _ they began to figure out the true meanings of happiness.答案before根据语义可知填before，表示“没过多久就”。句意：尽管人们对这些答案开着玩笑，但没过多久，他们就开始明白幸福的真正意义。典题52017山东日照质检the dances are usually performed near a pub so that _ its over, the dancers and audience can sing some traditional folk songs over a pint of beer.答案when句意：跳舞者通常在酒吧附近跳舞，这样当跳完了舞的时候，跳舞者和观众一起喝着啤酒，一起唱传统的民歌。这里强调“当的时候”，故填when。考点3条件状语从句1if和unless引导的条件状语从句。if表示正面的条件，意为“如果”；unless(if . not)表示反面的条件，意为“除非，如果不”if you had come a few minutes earlier, you would have met him.要是你早来几分钟就碰到他了。youll fail the exam unless you study hard (if you dont study hard)除非你努力学习，否则你考试会不及格。2in case, on condition that, providing(that), provided (that), supposing (that), suppose(that)等词汇意思相近，意为“万一，假使，假如，在条件下”in case there is a fire, what will we do first?万一发生火灾，我们首先要做什么？suppose/supposing (that) they refuse us, who else can we turn to for help?假如他们拒绝了我们，我们还能求助于谁？ill come on condition that john is invited too.如果约翰也受到邀请，我就来。3as long as(so long as)引导语气强烈的条件状语从句，意为“只要”as long as you dont lose heart, you will succeed.你只要不灰心，就会成功。4在“祈使句and/or/or else/otherwise陈述句”句型中，祈使句在意义上相当于条件状语从句run faster and youll catch the bus.跑快点，你就会赶上公共汽车的。work hard, otherwise youll fail.努力干，不然你会失败的。5if only “如果就好了”和only if “只有”也可以引导条件状语从句。但是当only if置于句首时，主句需部分倒装if only i had a dog, i wouldnt be so lonely.我要是养一条狗，就不会这么孤单了。only if a teacher has given permission is a student allowed to leave the classroom.学生只有得到老师的许可才能离开教室。典题62018河南八市重点中学联考with its great nightlife scene and lots of places to choose from, when it comes to an excellent night out, you wont be sorry _ you pick this city.答案if根据语义可知，此处表示条件，故填if。此处表示如果你选了这个城市，你不会遗憾。典题7he hasnt got any hobbies_ you call watching tv a hobby.答案unless根据语义可知，此处表示“除非”，故填unless。句意：他没什么爱好，除非你把看电视称为爱好。考点4让步状语从句1although/though(尽管，虽然)，even though/even if(即使)引导的让步状语从句although与though两者意思相同，一般可互换，都可以与yet, still或nevertheless连用，但不能和but连用。he is unhappy, though/although he has a lot of money.虽然他很有钱，但他并不幸福。although/though it was raining hard, yet they went on playing football.虽然雨下得很大，但他们还是继续踢足球。even though/even if it is raining, well go there.即使下雨，我们也要去那里。(陈述语气)even if i were busy, i would go.即使忙，我也得去。(虚拟语气)注意：though还可用作副词，意为“可是，然而”，置于句末。he said he would come； he didnt， though.他说他会来，可是没有来。2as或though引导让步状语从句时倒装的情况as或though从句一般放在主句之前，常用倒装语序。从句中的表语、状语或动词原形置于句首。若表语是单数名词，前置时要省略冠词。child as/though he is, he can tell the names of all the cars.尽管他是孩子，但他能说出所有车的名字。much as/though i like it, i wont buy it, for its too expensive.虽然我很喜欢它，但不会买，因为它太贵了。注意：though引导的从句可以像as引导的从句一样用倒装语序，但是although引导的从句只能用正常语序。注意比较下面的说法：()smart though/as she is， she doesnt study hard.()though she is smart， she doesnt study hard.()although she is smart， she doesnt study hard.()smart although she is， she doesnt study hard.()as she is smart， she doesnt study hard.,尽管她聪明，但她不努力学习。3whether . or . (不管还是)；疑问词ever与no matter疑问词(不管，无论)whether you believe it or not, it is true.不管你相信与否，那都是真的。(让步状语从句)whatever (no matter what) you say, he wont believe you.无论你说什么，他都不会相信你。(让步状语从句)whoever you are (no matter who you are), you must obey the rules.无论你是谁，都要遵守规则。(让步状语从句)注意：whoever， whatever， whomever， whichever还可以引导名词性从句。you can take whatever you like.你喜欢什么就可以拿什么。(宾语从句)4while也可作从属连词引导让步状语从句，相当于althoughwhile i admit that there are problems, i dont agree that they cannot be solved.尽管我承认有问题存在，但我并不认为这些问题不能解决。典题8_ working hard does not necessarily guarantee ones success, it is almost impossible to succeed without it.答案while/although/though句意：尽管勤奋刻苦不一定确保成功，但缺乏勤奋刻苦要想成功是不可能的。根据语义可知，此处表示让步。典题9we will do the right thing and do what we have to do to investigate crimes _ they exist.答案wherever根据语义可知，此处为让步状语从句，表示“无论在什么地方”，故填wherever。句意：我们要做恰当的事情，做我们必须做的事去调查犯罪，无论它们存在于哪里。考点5地点状语从句及其他状语从句1引导地点状语从句的从属连词where, wherever指具体地点时，从句可用于主句之前或之后；表示抽象意义时，从句要放在主句之前we should go where the party needs us most.我们应到党最需要我们的地方去。you are free to go wherever you like.你愿意去哪里就去哪里。where there is a will, there is a way.有志者，事竟成。wherever there is smoke, there is a fire.无火不生烟。(无风不起浪)2注意区分where引导的定语从句与状语从句youd better make a mark where you have any questions.(状语从句)youd better make a mark at the place where you have any questions.(定语从句)你最好在有问题的地方做一下标记。3其他状语从句(1)从属连词归纳(2)since, now that, considering that引导的原因状语从句经常放在句首。now that you have grown up, you must do it by yourself.既然你已经长大了，就必须自己做这件事。considering that i have told you three times, you must know it.鉴于我已经告诉你三次，你一定知道它。(3)目的状语从句的谓语动词一般含有情态动词can, could, may, might, should等。ive decided to learn photography in order that i may record the beauty of nature.为了能够记录大自然的美，我决定学摄影。(4)as if/though引导方式状语从句时，有时也用虚拟语气。he acted as if nothing had happened.他表现得好像什么也没发生。典题102017山东日照模拟i like photography _ it captures amazing things that you might not see again.答案because根据句意，我喜欢摄影，因为它可以捕捉到你可能再也见不到的令人惊奇的事情。后面的句子是解释前面的i like photography的直接原因，故填because。典题112017江苏盐城期中using traditional chinese medical records, tu youyou rediscovered an ancient plantbased treatment for malaria that worked _ modern therapies failed.答案where根据语义可知，此处表示抽象意义的地点，指“在之处/情形下”，故填where。句意：根据中国传统的医学史料，屠呦呦再次发现了一种用古老的植物治疗疟疾的方法，在此方面现代疗法都没有成功。no.1解题步骤1.根据空格在句中的功能和作用，判断考查的内容是否是连接词。2准确理解空格前和空格后两句的逻辑关系。3根据句子意思及语境确定答案。no.2解题技巧1空格前和空格后均为句子，但又无连词的情况下，需考虑填连接词。2状语从句的连接词均有自己独立的语义，因此空格处缺少的是一个具有独立语义的连接词将两个句子连接起来，使其逻辑合理，语义正确。3熟悉特殊句型、短语的搭配用法。典题12017宁夏银川模拟she just learned how to fly an airplane, a dream she has had _ she was a little girl.答案since根据句子结构可判断，此空应填连词。根据句意可知，此处表时间，即：自她是一个小孩时。再结合时态，也可验证该空填since。典题22018河南焦作模拟he placed the sign _ it has been so that everyone who walked by would see the new words.答案where根据语义可知，此处应填where，引导地点状语从句。句意：他把这个标志放在它曾经的地方，以至于每个经过的人都会看到这些新词。高考对状语从句的考查重点在于引导词的选择，要解答好此类题目需注意以下几点：(1)应具备全面的状语从句知识，熟悉每个连接词的语义和语法特征，尤其像as, while, since等可以引导不同的状语从句的连词，before引导状语从句时，可以表达不同的意思等，都要熟练掌握。(2)还要正确理解题干的意思，特别是前后分句间的逻辑关系，这是做出正确答案的关键。(3)一定要牢记不同状语从句中的常见固定句型。建议用时：20分钟part .单句语法填空12017北京朝阳区期末it is freezing here. wear your coat, _ youll catch a cold.答案：or结合语义可知，此处表示“否则，要不然”的意思，故填or。22017山东枣庄质检the streets were crowded with people _ the shops were full of wonderful things.答案：and句意：街上挤满了人，商店里都是很棒的东西。根据句意可知，两句子之间为并列关系，故填and。32017江苏镇江模拟we thought that, _ we were in the area, wed stop by and see the places of interest.答案：since句意：我们认为，既然到这了，我们不如驻足一会儿，看一看这儿的名胜。由句意可知，此处填since表示“既然”。42017哈六中模拟however, when i had to go back _ i forgot my book, i noticed she had just finished picking them up by herself.答案：because/since/as根据句意并结合前后两句的逻辑关系可知，此处需用一个表因果关系的连词，故填because/as/since。52018北京西城模拟_ i get home late，grandma always leaves a light on for me. 答案：wheneverwhenever “无论何时”；根据句意，“每当”我回家晚了， 故填whenever。62017天津模拟dont look down upon bob. he has his own advantages.oh, yes, _others are weak, he is strong.答案：wherewhere可以引导表示抽象意义的地点状语从句。此处表述别人的弱点正是他的强势所在。故填where。72018江苏南通月考_ serious a problem you may have, you should gather your courage to face the challenge. 答案：however由语义判断此处表述“无论多么严重”。故填however，引导让步状语从句。82017江苏南京模拟 these young people are not suitable for such a simple job in an office, _ they are adventurous and creative in nature. 答案：because句意：这些年轻人不适合办公室里这么简单的工作，因为他们天生具有冒险精神并富有创造力。此处表示直接原因，故填because。 92018杭州质检remember that you wont be able to cancel the order _ youve signed.答案：once句意：记住一旦你签了字，就不能取消订单。根据语义可知，此处表示条件，故填once。102018浙江温州十校联考good news never goes beyond the gate, _ bad news spreads far and wide.答案：while句意：好事不出门，坏事传千里。结合语义可知，此处填while表“转折和对照”。part .单句改错12018广州检测because my arms looked weak, my mother trusted that i could hold the baby._答案：becausealthough/though根据语义可知，两句之间为让步关系，而非因果关系，故应将because改为although/though。22017天水一中质检one day, i was cooking in the kitchen while the telephone rang._答案：whilewhen根据句子结构可知，此处连词表示“在那