高考英语一轮复习 第一部分 教材重点全程攻略 Unit 2 Cloning讲义 新人教版选修8.doc

unit 2 cloning话题素材克隆技术话题词汇1.drawback n. 缺点；不利条件2.experiment n. 实验3.explore vt. 探索4.ban n& vt. 禁止5.argument n. 争论6.hot topic 热点话题7.medical breakthrough 医学上的突破8.be worth considering 值得考虑9.in terms of 从角度；就来说10.object to/be against 反对11.agree/be for 同意；支持12.a sound attitude 一种明智/正确的态度13.follow the lead 效仿14.contribute to solving the problem of 有助于问题的解决15.test out the theory by experiment 用实验检验理论经典佳句1.todays technology develops so quickly that many impossible things become true.如今的科技发展得如此之快以至于许多不可能的事情都变成了现实。2.in my own opinion, i agree_to clone the endangered animal and disagree_with cloning human.以我的观点，我同意克隆濒危动物、不同意克隆人类。3.i think that we should use the clone to make_our_life_better_off.我想我们应该应用克隆使我们的生活变得更美好。精美语篇cloning is a way of making an exact copy of another animal or plant. cloning plants is straightforward while cloning animals is a difficult task to undertake. from time to time people suggest that extinct animals should be brought back to life through cloning. last friday, we had a discussion about whether we should clone animals.some are in favour of it. large quantities of commercial food can be produced. besides, the extinct animals can be cloned, if their dna is still in good condition. it can also be used to cure serious illnesses.others have a strong objection to it. they believe that cloned animals cant resist some diseases and tend to die earlier. dolly lived six and a half years altogether, half of the length of the life of the original sheep. above all, it is bound to disturb the balance of nature.高频单词1.differ (vi.) 不同；相异difference (n.) 不同；差异different (adj.) 不同的2.exact (adj.) 精确的；准确的exactly (adv.) 精确地；准确地3.undertake (vt.) 着手；从事；承担undertook (过去式)undertaken (过去分词) undertaking (n.) 任务；项目；事业4.cast (vt.) 扔；投；掷cast (过去式/过去分词)5.altogether (adv.) 总共；完全地6.object (vi.) 反对；不赞成objection (n.) 不赞成；反对；异议7.obtain (vt.) 获得；赢得obtainable (adj.) 可获得的；可得到的8.moral (adj.) 道德(上)的；伦理的morally (adv.) 道德上地；伦理上地9.accumulate (vt. & vi.) 积累；聚积accumulation (n.) 积累；聚积10.shortly (adv.) 立刻；不久11.retire (vi.) 退休；离开retirement (n.) 退休，退职；退役retired (adj.) 退休的；离职的12.bother (vt.) 打扰 (vi.) 操心 (n.) 烦扰13.assumption (n.) 假定；设想assume (vt.) 假定；设想14.regulation (n.) 规则；规章；法规regular (adj.) 规则的；有规律的regulate (v.) 控制；管理；调节15.resist (vt.) 抵抗；对抗resistance (n.) 抵抗力；反抗resistant (adj.) 有抵抗力的；耐的16.fairly (adv.) 公平地；相当地fairness (n.) 公平fair (adj.) 公平的；适当的；合理的17.reasonable (adj.) 合情理的；讲道理的；公道的unreasonable (反义词) (adj.) 不合情理的reason (n.) 理由；原因重点短语1.pay_off得到好结果；取得成功；偿清2.cast_down 使沮丧；使失望3.have_a_great_impact_on 对有重大影响4.object_to 反对5.in_favor_of 赞成；支持6.owe . to 把归功于7.(be) bound to (do) 一定/注定(做)8.strike . into ones heart 使刻骨铭心9.from time to time 不时；偶尔10.bring . back to life 使复生；使复活11.in vain 白费力气；枉费心机12.in good/poor condition 状况很好/坏；情况很好/坏热点句型1.while 表对比关系，“然而；可是”cloning plants is straightforward while (然而) cloning animals is very complicated.(教材p11)2.当now，then位于句首，谓语是come，appear等且主语为名词时，句子完全倒装then_came (传来) the disturbing news that dolly had become seriously ill.(教材p11p12)3.the advantage is that . “其优点是”，that引导表语从句the_advantage_is_that (优点是) if there is a new illness some of these animals may die, but others will survive and pass on the ability to resist that disease to the next generation.(教材p15)4.based on . “建立在的基础之上”，过去分词短语作状语based_on (建立在基础之上) what we know now, you can not clone animals that have been extinct longer than 10,000 years.(教材p15)同步训练在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。1.it is a way of _ (make) an exact copy of another animal or plant.答案：making2.the fact is _ these are both examples of natural clones.答案：that3.but at last the determination and patience of the scientists paid _ in 1996 with a breakthrough.答案：off4.the fact _ she seemed to develop normally was very encouraging.答案：that5.cloning scientists were cast _ to find _ dollys illnesses were more appropriate to a much older animal.答案：down; that6.newspapers wrote of evil leaders hoping to clone themselves _ (attain) their ambitions.答案：to attain7.dollys death, like her birth, was bound _ (raise) worries.答案：to raise8.the initial requirment is _ you need perfect dna.答案：that9.all efforts of cloning an animal will be _ vain if there is not enough diversity in the group to overcome illnesses.答案：in10.diversity in a group means having animals with their genes _ (arrange) in different ways.答案：arranged1 undertakevt.着手；从事；承担；保证；答应教材原句it is a difficult task to undertake.(p11)它是一项很难完成的任务。undertake sth. 着手/从事/承担某事undertake to do sth. 保证/答应做某事undertake that . 保证undertake responsibility/a task 承担责任/任务if you undertake_the_task,_you must be ready to suffer from hardship.如果你承担这项任务，你就必须做好遇到艰难险阻的准备。he undertook_to_give the money back in six months.他保证6个月内还钱。i can undertake that youll enjoy the trip.我保证你会喜欢这次旅行。2 objectionn不赞成；反对；异议教材原句on the other hand, dollys appearance raised a storm of objections and had a great impact on the media and public imagination.(p12)另一方面，多莉的问世引起了一片强烈的反对之声，对媒体和公众的想象力也产生了重大的影响。(1)raise an objection to sth. 对某事提出异议make/take/have an objection to (doing) sth. 反对(做)某事(2)object n. 物体；目标vi. 反对；不赞成object to sb./sth. 反对某人/某事object to doing sth. 反对做某事object that . 反对(3)objective adj. 真实的；客观的；无偏见的we are determined to carry out the plan if you have_no_objection.如果你不反对，我们决心实施这项计划。if nobody objects,_well postpone the meeting till next week.如果没人反对，我们就把会议推迟到下周。he strongly objects_to_being_treated like a child.他强烈反对被人当孩子一样对待。i find it difficult to be objective where hes concerned.只要涉及到他，我就难以做到保持客观。3 forbidvt.(forbade/forbad, forbidden)禁止；不准教材原句some began to reform their legal systems and forbade research into human cloning . (p12)有些政府开始改革他们的法律制度，禁止进行克隆人的研究禁止某人做某事forbid doing sth. 禁止做某事forbid sb. sth. 禁止某人某事forbid that . 禁止(从句中常用“should动词原形”)it is forbidden to do sth. 做某事是禁止的。he was_forbidden_to_leave the base as a punishment.作为惩罚，他被禁止离开基地。my father forbade_me_from_meeting/to_meet my friends online at the internet caf我父亲禁止我去网吧见我的网友。the new law forbids_smoking in offices.这项新法律禁止办公场所吸烟。4 owevt.欠(钱、账、人情等)；归功于；应感谢教材原句you owe the lady an apology.(p13)你必须向这位女士道歉。(1)owe sb. sth./owe sth. to sb. 欠某人某物owe sb. an apology 该向某人道歉owe sb. a favour 欠某人一个人情owe . to . 把归功于；应感激(2)owing adj. 欠着的；未付的owing tobecause ofon account ofdue to 因为；由于she still owes 3,000 to her father.她还欠她父亲3,000英镑。i think maybe we owe_you_an_apology.我认为我们应向你道歉。mary will take care of the babyshe owes_me_a_favour.玛丽会照看孩子的她欠我一个人情。owing_to the rain, the match was cancelled.由于大雨，比赛被取消了。5 strikev(struck, struck)撞击；敲；打；罢工；突然想起；给人印象；突然发生n罢工教材原句. proves how the idea struck a mixture of fear and excitement into peoples hearts.(p15)证明了这一想法使人们感到既恐惧又兴奋。(1)strike . into ones heart 使刻骨铭心be struck by/with 被击中/打动/感动it strikes/hits/occurs to sb. that . 某人突然想起/到/意识到sth. strikes/hits/occurs to sb. 某人突然意识到/想到(2)go on strike 罢工the visitors were_struck_by the beauty of the tourist area.游客被旅游区的美景所打动。staff at the hospital went_on_strike in protest at the incidents.医院员工举行罢工，抗议这几起事件。写出下列句中strike的含义ahe struck me as a very serious but friendly person.给人印象ba powerful earthquake struck the italian island of sicily early this morning. 袭击/撞击cat this point, it suddenly struck me that i was wasting my time.突然想到dshe struck him in the face. 打.单句语法填空1the united nations organization (uno) could undertake _ (direct) the distribution of aid.答案：to directundertake to do sth.“承担/保证做某事”。句意：联合国组织承担指导救助品的分配。2please note that food and fruit _ (forbid) in the library, but you are allowed to have drinks and sweets with you.答案：are forbidden句意：请注意食物和水果在图书馆中是禁止食用的，但是饮料和糖果是被允许的。由句意可知，应用被动语态；由but引导的分句的时态可判断此处也用一般现在时；由主语为复数概念的名词可知此处填are forbidden。3although theyre twins, they _ (different) greatly in their tastes.答案：differ本句中缺少谓语动词且由从句判断用一般现在时，故填differ。4his explanation was not _ (reason), so all of us didnt accept it.答案：reasonable形容词reasonable “合乎情理的”在句中作表语。5all the new employees are asked to learn about the rules and _ (regulate) of the company and they must obey them.答案：regulations由and以及rules可知，应用名词复数。regulation作为“规章，规则”讲时，是可数名词。.单句改错1there is no object to your opening the window._答案：objectobjection2it suddenly struck to me that we ought to make a new plan._答案：去掉第一个to或struckoccurred3no one knows exact how the earth began as it happened so long ago._答案：exactexactly4owe to his absence, we had to put off the class meeting till next week._答案：oweowing5taking a look at the situation we are in, i cannot resist make an observation._答案：makemakingpay off 得到好结果；取得成功；偿清教材原句,but at last the determination and patience of the scientists paid off in 1996 with a breakthroughthe cloning of dolly the sheep.(p11)但是决心和耐心使科学家们最终在1996年获得了突破性的结果克隆羊“多莉”。pay sth. off 全部偿还；偿清(债务)pay sb. off (结工资后)解雇；打发走pay for sth. 付钱(买)；支付；为某事吃苦头或受惩罚pay sb. for sth. 付钱给某人买某物pay back 还钱；偿还；报复写出下列句中pay off的含义ait would take him the rest of his life to pay off that loan.偿清btwo hundred workers have been paid off.(结工资后)解雇；打发走call those weeks of studying will pay off when you take the exam.取得成功；奏效this work is starting to pay_off. the annual death rate for adult condors has dropped from 38% in 2000 to 5.4% in 2011.这些努力开始奏效。成年秃鹫的年死亡率已经从2000年的38%降至2011年的5.4%。what delighted him was that after all these years he at last paid_off_all_his_debts.使他高兴的是几年之后他终于还清了所有的债务。right, ill pay_for the food and you pay for the drinks.好吧，我付饭菜钱，你付酒水费。that i can pay_back the help people give me makes me happy.能够回报人们给我的帮助让我感到很开心。in good/poor condition 状况很好/坏；情况很好/坏教材原句the dodo became extinct fairly recently so its dna is still in good condition. (p17)渡渡鸟是近期才灭绝的动物，因此它的dna仍保存完好。(1)working/living/studying conditions 工作/生活/学习环境on condition (that) . 在条件下；条件是；倘若；只要on no condition 决不(位于句首时需部分倒装)(2)conditional adj. 有条件的；以为条件的the car has been well maintained and is in_good_condition.这辆车一直保养得很好，车况极佳。 teenagers can surf the internet through mobile phones on_condition_that they can make good use of it.只要青少年学生能够很好地利用手机，那么他们就可以使用手机上网。on no condition should_you_lose_heart when you are in trouble.当你处在困境中，你决不能失去信心。.选词填空in vain; from time to time; in good condition; object to; strike . into ones heart1all the doctors did was _， and the patient died after three days treatment.答案：in vain2i still see her _ though we live far from each other.答案：from time to time3i bought the bicycle ten years ago. it still stays _.答案：in good condition4she made it clear that she _ the proposal, for it was useless.答案：objected to5mountain tai _ its beauty _ and she decided to visit it again the next year.答案：struck; into her heart.完成句子1and anyway he was dead. nobody could _.总之，他已经死了。没有人能使他复活。答案：bring him back to life2i have told her about our plan, and she _ it.我已经对她讲了我们的计划，她表示赞同。答案：is in favour of3my deskmate _ the result of the experiment.我的同桌被实验的结果搞得很沮丧。答案：was cast down by4even when walking in the company of two other men, i _ learn from them.三人行必有我师。答案：am bound to5her design won the first prize in the competition. years of patience and hard work _ at last.她的设计在比赛中获得一等奖。多年的耐心和辛勤最终得以回报。答案：had paid offthe advantage is that if there is a new illness some of these animals may die， but others will survive and pass on the ability to resist that disease to the next generation.(p15)优点是如果发生了某种新的疾病，这类动物中的一些可能会死去，而另外一些却能存活下来，并且把这种抗疫力传给下一代。the advantage is that . “优势是”。that在此引导表语从句。the advantage/strength of . is that . 的优势是the disadvantage of . is that . 的不足是the drawback of . is that . 的缺点是the problem of . is that . 的问题是chances/the chances are that . 有可能the news is that . 消息是the_advantage_is_that we have a good command of english.优势是我们很好地掌握了英语。the_drawback_of the popularity of cars is_that it brings about so much air pollution.汽车普及的缺点是它带来了严重的空气污染。chances/the_chances_are_that they might find out who you are.他们很有可能会发现你是谁。based_on what we know now, you cannot clone animals that have been extinct longer than 10,000 years.(p15)就我们现在所知，你不可能克隆那些灭绝了一万年以上的动物。worried/concerned about对感到担忧satisfied with对感到满意surrounded by被包围faced with 面对compared with 与比较satisfied_with what he did, the teacher praised him in class.老师对他所做的事情很满意，于是在班上表扬了他。compared_with his room, my room is even smaller.和他的房间相比，我的房间更小。.单句语法填空1_ (compare) with the size of the whole earth, the biggest ocean does not seem big at all.答案：compared此处为过去分词短语作状语，因compare与其逻辑主语the biggest ocean之间是被动关系，故用过去分词。compared with . “与比较；与相比”。2the advantage is _ smiling can not only make us happy, but also please others.答案：that此处为that引导的表语从句。从句中不缺成分和语义，故用that引导。3the trouble is _ i have lost his address.答案：that表语从句中不缺成分，故用that引导。4_ (face) with all these global problems, we cannot stand where we are.答案：facedfaced with “面对”，过去分词短语作状语。.完成句子1the walls are green, _.墙是绿色的，而天花板是白色的。 答案：while the ceiling is white2_ he is too young.问题是他太年轻。答案：the problem is that3_ chinese womens volleyball team won the championship in the 31st olympic games.然后传来了令人兴奋的消息，中国女排在第31届奥运会上获得了金牌。答案：then came the exciting news that同位语概念同位语是句子成分的一种，位于名词或代词后面，对其进行解释和补充说明，它可以由名词、代词、名词性短语或从句充当。the program is attractive. the program is where are we going, dad.the program, where are we going, dad, is attractive.爸爸去哪儿这个节目很吸引人。同位语的表现形式同位语除可以直接位于所修饰的名词、代词后外，也可以用“for example, such as, that is, or”等词引导。the freezing temperature is the temperature at which water freezes under ordinary pressure. freezing point is that too.the freezing temperature, or freezing point, is the temperature at which water freezes under ordinary pressure.结冰的温度或冰点是在常压下水结冰的温度。同位语从句1概念：一个句子在复合句中起到同位语的作用，对前面的名词进行解释说明。这个句子被称为同位语从句。he told me the newshe would come home from abroad soon.he told me the news that he would come home from abroad soon.他告诉我他很快从国外回家的消息。2用法：同位语从句一般位于“fact, news, idea, truth, hope, belief, thought, doubt, question, promise, information”等抽象名词后，解释前面名词的具体内容或含义。when will he come back? i have no idea.ive no idea when he will come back.我不知道他什么时候会回来。3同位语从句连接词有“that, whether, who, which, what, when, where, why, how”等。should we continue to do the experiment？the problem has not been solved.the problem whether we should continue to do the experiment has not been solved.我们是否应该继续做这个实验的问题还没有解决。4同位语从句与定语从句的区别：同位语从句与其所修饰的名词在内容上是等同(同位)关系，在句中的语法作用处于同等地位；而定语从句用来对其前面的名词(亦即先行词)起修饰，限定作用，相当于一个形容词。then he raised the question.where were they to get the machine needed?then he raised the question where they were to get the machine needed.(同位语从句)然后他提出他们从哪得到所需要的机器这一问题。do you know the place? he was born in the place.do you know the place where he was born？(定语从句)你知道他出生的地方吗？.单句语法填空1the only way to succeed at the highest level is to have total belief _ you are better than anyone else on the sports field.答案：that分析句子结构可知，此处是由that引导的同位语从句，说明belief的具体内容，该从句中不缺少成分及语义，故填that。2is it true that mike refused an offer from yale university yesterday?yeah, but i have no idea _ he did it; thats one of his favorite universities.答案：why设空处在此处引导同位语从句说明idea的具体内容。由语义可判断此处表示“为什么”。故填why。3the question _ will take his place is still not clear.答案：who设空处引导同位语从句，具体说明question的内容。由句意可知此处表述“谁将取代他”。故填who。4we havent yet settled the question _ we are going to spend our summer vacation.答案：where句意：到哪儿去度暑假，这个问题我们还没有决定。设空处引导从句对question的内容进行具体说明，故此处用where引导同位语从句。.单句改错1jim got to know the news which the whole village was in great danger._答案：whichthat2there is no doubt whether he will keep his promise._答案：whetherthat3i have no idea where do they live._答案：去掉do4when the news came because the war broke out, he decided to serve in the army._答案：becausethat.完形填空miss the wild geeseone morning in early fall, i spotted a pair of wild geese on our pond. the beautiful sight caught me by _1_， because wed never seen geese there before. i wondered where they came from and why theyd_2_ our pond. as the days passed, i couldnt_3_getting a closer look and started talking to the geese. they craned their necks and raised their heads _4_but seemed to realize i was a _5_and not an enemy. i felt _6_we were bonding. one day as they were _7_ in the grass near the driveway, i discovered the reason for their _8_the male had a broken left wing. he was _9_ to fly, and his lifelong mate would not leave him _10_. i marveled (惊叹) at the _11_b