高考英语一轮复习 第一部分 教材重点全程攻略 Unit 2 English around the world讲义 新人教版必修1.doc

unit 2 english around the world 话题素材语言和文化话题词汇1master vt. 掌握 2.consult vt. 咨询；商量；查阅3command v. & n. 命令；指令 4.standard n. 标准5usage n. 使用；用法6form_the_habit_of_reading 养成阅读习惯7step_by_step 逐步地；一步步地8have a_good_knowledge/command_of english 通晓英语9work hard_at english 努力学习英语10have difficulty/trouble_in doing sth. 在方面有困难11make full use of 充分利用12give sb. some advice on how to learn english 给某人一些关于如何学英语的建议13bear/keep sth. in mind 记住14enlarge ones vocabulary 扩大某人的词汇量15improve writing skills 提高写作能力经典佳句1learning_english_well depends on reading widely and largely.学好英语取决于大量地、广泛地阅读。2with the constant development of the society, english has played_a_more_and_more_important_part_in our daily life.随着社会的不断发展，英语在我们日常生活中起到越来越重要的作用。3there_are several tips on how_to_learn english well. firstly, you should spare_no_effort_to_read english news, which can help you increase your interest in english.有几条如何学好英语的建议。首先，你应当不遗余力地阅读英语新闻，这有助于提高你对英语的兴趣。精美语篇dear jason，im li hua. im writing to ask you to do me a favor. its about an english speech contest with the title an unforgettable experience in high school, which im going to take part in this saturday. ive finished my draft, but i find it still far from satisfactory.im not sure of the usage of some words. there may also be some mistakes in grammar and sentence structures. would you be so kind to spare some time to check them out and improve my article? if its convenient for you, please send it back by thursday afternoon.id appreciate it if you could give me your guidance. looking forward to your reply.yours，li hua高频单词1official (adj.) 官方的；正式的；公务的office (n.) 办公室officer (n.) 军官；警察2voyage (n.) 航海；航行voyager (n.) 航行者；远行者3native (adj.) 本国的；本地的 (n.) 本地人；本国人4actually (adv.) 实际上；事实上actual (adj.) 真实的；实际的5base (vt.) 以为根据 (n.) 基部；基地；基础basic (adj.) 基本的；基础的basis (n.) 基础；基本原则6gradual (adj.) 逐渐的；逐步的gradually (adv.) 逐渐地；逐步地7vocabulary (n.) 词汇；词汇量；词表8spelling (n.) 拼写；拼法spell (v.) 拼写9latter (adj.) 较后的；后半的；(两者中)后者的latest (adj.) 最新的；最近的later (adv.) 后来 (adj.) 后来的lately (adv.) 近来；最近late (adj.) 晚的 (adv.) 迟地10fluent (adj.) 流利的；流畅的fluently (adv.) 流利地；流畅地11frequent (adj.) 频繁的；常见的frequently (adv.) 常常；频繁地frequency (n.) 频率12usage (n.) 使用；用法；词语惯用法use (vt.) 使用 (n.) 用途useful (adj.) 有用的useless (adj.) 无用的13command (n.& vt.) 命令；指令；掌握commander (n.) 负责人；(尤指)司令官；指挥官14request (n. & vt.) 请求；要求15expression (n.) 词语；表示；表达express (vt.) 表达 (n.) 快车；快递16recognize (vt.) 辨认出；承认；公认recognition (n.) 识别；承认；认出17straight (adv.) 直接；挺直 (adj.) 直的；笔直的；正直的重点短语1more than超过；非常；不只是；不仅是 2because of 因为；由于3even_if 即使4come_up 走近；上来；提出5be based on 以为基础6at present 现在；目前7make use of 利用；使用8a number of 若干；许多 9such as 例如；像这种的10believe it or not 信不信由你11play a part (in) 扮演一个角色；参与热点句型1even if引导让步状语从句，相当于even though，意为“即使；尽管”native english speakers can understand each other even_if_they_dont_speak_the_same_kind_of_english (即使他们所讲的英语不尽相同)(教材p10)2more . than . “与其说倒不如说”it was based more_on_german (更多的是以德语为基础)than the english we speak at present.(教材p10)3it is/wasadj.(for sb.)to do sth.“(对某人来说)做某事是”it_is_not_easy (是不容易的) for a chinese person to_speak (说) english as well as a native english speaker.(教材p11)4“no such可数名词单数”意为“没有这样的”believe it or not, there is no_such_thing_as_standard_english (没有像标准英语这样的东西)(教材p13)5this/that is because . “这/那是因为”this_is_because (这是因为) in the early days of radio, those who reported the news were expected to speak excellent english.(教材p13)6the way 作先行词后接定语从句，且引导词在从句中作方式状语时，关系词可以为：that, in which或关系词可省略however, on tv and the radio you will hear differences in the_way_people_speak (人们说话的方式). (教材p13)同步训练在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。1later in the next century, people from england made voyages (conquer) other parts of the world and because _ that, english began to be spoken in many other countries.答案：to conquer; of2_ (actual) all languages change and develop when cultures meet and communicateeach other.答案：actually; with3the number of people (learn) english in china _ (be) increasing rapidly.答案：learning; is4fact, china may have _ largest number of english learners.答案：in; the5many people believe the english (speak) on tv and the radio is standard english.答案：spoken6some people _ live in the mountains of the eastern usa speak _ an older kind of english dialect.答案：who/that; with7the usa is a large country _ many different dialects are spoken.答案：where/in which8she told us to go around the corner _ the left and keep going straight for two _ (block)答案：on; blocks1 basevt.以为根据n基部；基地；基础教材原句it was based more on german than the english we speak at present.(p10)当时的英语更多地是以德语为基础，而我们今天所说的英语不是。(1)base . on/upon . 根据；以为基础(sth.) be based on/upon (某物)以为基础at the base of . 以为基础；在底部(2)basis n. 基础；基本原则on the basis of/that . 根据；在基础上(3)basic adj. 基本的；基础的be basic to . 是的基础在“base . on/upon .”结构中，base是及物动词，base后要跟宾语，否则要用被动形式“be based on/upon”形式。kleindorfers findings are_based_on similarities between the calls of moms and chicks.克林多佛尔的发现是以鸟妈妈与小鸟叫声的相似之处为依据的。basing_an_important_decision more on emotion than on reason, you will regret it sooner or later.更多地依靠感性而不是理性去做一个重要的决定，你迟早会后悔的。some movies have been banned on_the_basis_that they are too violent.有些影片因暴力镜头过多而被查禁。drums are_basic_to african music.鼓是非洲音乐的基本乐器。2 commandnc命令；指令u掌握 vt.命令；指挥；支配教材原句can you find the following command and request from reading？(p12)你能从阅读中找出下面的命令和要求吗？(1)at ones command听从某人的支配under ones command由某人指挥；由某人统帅take command of控制；担任的指挥(be) in command of指挥；控制have a good command of 很好地掌握；精通(2)command sb. to do sth.命令某人做某事command that . 命令(3)commander n. 负责人；(尤指)司令官；指挥官command所接宾语从句的谓语动词用“(should) do”形式，能这样使用的动词可用以下口诀来记忆：一坚持：insist二命令：order, command三建议：advise, suggest, recommend四要求：require, request, demand, desireim at your commandwhat would you like me to do?我听从你的吩咐你要我做什么？the police arrived and took_command_of the situation.警察到达后就控制了局势。applicants will be expected to have_a_good_command_of english.申请人被期望精通英语。the boss commanded him to_finish some important work, but henry forgot his command.the boss commanded that he_(should)_finish some important work, but henry forgot his command.老板命令他完成一些重要的工作，但亨利却忘了他的命令。3 requestn& vt.请求；要求教材原句in english you use a command or a request when you want someone to do something.(p12)在英语中，当你想让别人做事时，你可以使用命令或请求的方式。(1)request sb. to do sth. 请求某人做某事request that sb. (should) do sth. 请求某人做某事it is requested that . 根据要求(2)make a request/requests for . 请求/要求at ones requestat the request of sb. 应某人的要求my parents requested that i_should_learn a second foreign language.my parents requested me_to_learn a second foreign language.父母要求我再学一门外语。it_is_requested that all the visitors should not take pictures of the exhibitions.根据要求所有的参观者不该对展品进行拍照。they made_a_request_for further aid.他们要求再给一些援助。shes cutting down the novel at the publishers request/at the request of the publisher.她按出版商的要求对小说进行删节。4 recognizevt.辨认出；承认；公认教材原句although many americans move a lot, they still recognize and understand each others dialects.(p13)虽然许多美国人经常搬迁，但他们还是能识别和理解彼此的方言。(1)recognize ones voice听出某人的声音recognize . as/to be . 承认是be recognized as . 被公认为/承认是it is recognized that . 人们公认(2)recognition n. 认出；认识out of/beyond (all) recognition 认不出来unesco set april 30 as international jazz day to recognize the value of jazz.联合国教科文组织将4月30日设立为国际爵士乐日是为了认可爵士乐的价值。the book is now recognized_as a classic.这本书现在是一部公认的经典著作。its_recognized_that environmental pollution has become one of the most serious problems that people face.人们一致认为环境污染已经成为人们面临的最严重的问题之一。the town has changed beyond_recognition since i was last here.自从我上次离开这里以来，这座城镇已经变得让人认不出来了。易混辨析recognize强调通过对记忆的搜索，辨认出原来熟悉的人、物、声音、方位等，常指经过一段时间的间隔后又重新认出来know“知道，认识”，指相互间十分熟悉、十分了解realize“意识到”，强调在经过一个过程后的完全了解。强调了解本质、明白事理。它还有“实现(梦想)”的意思用recognize, know, realize的适当形式填空ai knew bob ten years ago, but he has changed so much that i can hardly recognize him at present.bnone of us realized the danger we were in.cmo yan is universally recognized as one of the greatest authors of our time.单句语法填空1with a sinking feeling, he realized that he _ (actual) enjoyed doing it.答案：actually此处副词actually修饰动词enjoyed作状语。句意：他有种不祥的预感，意识到自己实际上喜欢做这事。2with our knowledge (base) on practice, we can make great contributions to our country.答案：based此处为with的复合结构。base与knowledge之间为被动关系，故填based。3according to the rules of the hotel, guests _ (request) to vacate (腾出) their rooms by noon on the day of departure.答案：are requestedrequest sb. to do sth.“要求某人做某事”。此处是该结构的被动语态。4the manager commanded that measures _ (take) immediately to correct all the mistakes made in marketing.答案：(should) be takencommand后跟宾语从句时，从句中的谓语应用(should) do，又因为measures与take之间为被动关系，故此处应用被动语态，填(should) be taken。5lawrences novel was eventually recognized _ a work of genius.答案：asbe recognized as . “被公认为”。句意：劳伦斯的小说终于被认为是天才之作。.单句改错1we wrote our first officially report for the government in 1996._答案：officiallyofficial2as is known to all language learners, newly learnt words will soon be forgotten unless frequent used in everyday communication._答案：frequentfrequently3compared with the former opinion, i agreed with the later opinion._答案：laterlatter4the plots of the story gradual developed in my mind._答案：gradualgradually5there was a expression of horror on her face when i saw her._答案：aanbecause of 因为；由于教材原句later in the next century， people from england made voyages to conquer other parts of the world and because of that， english began to be spoken in many other countries.(p9)随后在接下来的一个世纪，英国人开始航海征服世界的其他地区。正因如此，许多别的国家开始说英语了。owing to 由于thanks to 由于；幸亏as a result of 由于as a consequence (of sth.) 因此；因为(某事)on account of 由于in view of 由于；因为due to 由于；因为(1)because of 介词短语，后面接名词、代词或动名词。(2)because 从属连词，引导原因状语从句。however, these plans were abandoned because_of financial problems.然而，由于资金问题，这些计划被放弃了。i did it because he told me to.因为他吩咐我才做的。many obese children are bullied on_account_of their weight.许多肥胖儿童因为其体重问题在学校受到欺负。two hundred people lost their jobs as_a_consequence/result_of the merger.合并一事直接导致二百人失去了工作。come up 走近；上来；发芽；发生；被提出；(太阳、月亮等)升起教材原句id like to come up to your apartment.(p10)我很愿意到你家里来。come up with 想出；提出；找到；产生come about 发生come across 穿过(路、桥)；偶遇；偶然发现come on (风、雨等)到来；(演员)出场；赶快；得了吧；加油come out 出版；出来；出现；结果是come to 苏醒；总计；达到；谈到when it comes to . 当提到come to oneself 恢复常态；苏醒(1)主语(物)come up，指“(计划、建议、议题等)被提出；出现；产生”。(2)主语(人或团体组织)come up with sth.，指“(某人/团体组织)提出某事(想法、计划等)”。the government spent nearly 30 years coming_up_with a plan to reintroduce the wolves.政府花了将近30年才想出了重新引进狼的计划。how did it come_about that you were late for half an hour?你迟到了半小时是怎么回事呢？when it_comes_to how to speak fluent mandarin, i suggest that you learn a bunch of pronunciation rules first.当谈到如何说一口流利的普通话时，我建议你先学学基本的发音规则。写出下列句中come up的含义aan old lady came up to me and asked for directions.走近bas soon as the project came up at the meeting, it attracted many peoples attention.被提出cwhen the moon came up, the young people began their celebration.升起dalvin, are you coming with us?id love to, but something unexpected has come up.发生come upmake use of 利用；使用教材原句so by the 1600s shakespeare was able to make use of a wider vocabulary than ever before.(p10),因此到17世纪，莎士比亚所用的词汇量比以前任何时期都大。(1)make full/good use of 充分利用make the best/most of充分利用take (full) advantage of (充分)利用(2)come into use开始被使用be of great use 很有用的(be very useful)it is no use doing sth. 做某事是没用的put sth. to (good) use (有效)使用/利用某物对于make use of这个短语，除了熟练掌握它的含义外，还应注意以下两点：(1)把use提前，使用被动语态。(2)把use提前用作先行词，其后接定语从句。people should make_full_use_of their time to do something meaningful.人们应该充分利用时间去做有意义的事情。last but not least, its everyones responsibility to make_the_most/best_of water.最后但同等重要的是，充分利用水资源是每个人的义务和责任。it_is_no_use trying to persuade him to have a holiday because he is a workaholic.因为他是一个工作狂，试图说服他休假根本无用。shell be able to put her languages to_good_use in her new job.她在新工作中应该可以好好运用她会的各种语言。we should think of what_use can be_made_of such material.我们应该考虑怎么用这种材料。.选词填空make use of； come up (with)； because of； play a major part in； such as； at present1in order to expand my knowledge of tianjin, _ its history, tradition and food, i spend every spare moment i have in the library.答案：such as2you cannot choose what you are given, but you can choose how you _ it.答案：make use of3it is certain that the question will _ at the meeting.答案：come up4there is no way _ of predicting what the longterm effects of the explosion of tianjin will be.答案：at present5we said nothing about it, _ his wifes being there.答案：because of6email, as well as the telephone, our daily communication.答案：plays a major part in.完成句子1_ applicants has swollen to more than 200.申请人的数目已增至200多人。答案：the number of2for some teachers, half of their rating _ how well their students do.对一些教师来说，一半的评级是基于他们学生的表现。答案：is based on3_ she doesnt like what he did, she is not going to break up with him.她虽然对他所做之事不满，但现在还不想和他分手。答案：even if4many species are in danger of extinction _ our destruction of their natural habitat.许多物种由于我们破坏了它们的自然栖息地而面临灭绝的危险。答案：because ofnative english speakers can understand each other even_if they dont speak the same kind of english. (p10)以英语作为母语的人，即使他们所讲的语言不尽相同，也可以相互理解。(1)even if/even though通常引导让步状语从句，意为“即使；尽管”，所引导的从句常用一般现在时表示将来。在主、从句主语相同且从句中含有be时，也可采用省略结构。(2)even so “即使如此；尽管这样”。i like her, even_though/even_if she can be annoying at times.尽管她有时可能很烦人，我还是喜欢她。he will not attend the party even if/even though (he is) invited.即使他被邀请，他也不会参加那个晚会。its raining. even so, we must set off.天在下雨。尽管如此，我们还是要出发。 it was based more on german than the english we speak at present.(p10),当时的英语更多地是以德语为基础，而我们今天所说的英语不是。(1)more than数词或从句超过more than形容词非常more than名词不只是；不仅是more . than . 与其说，倒不如说(2)no more than 只不过；仅仅not more than 不超过；至多rather than 而不是other than 除了the writer is more in name than in reality.这个作家名不副实。his whole school education added up to no_more_than one year.他所受的全部学校教育加起来只有一年。it is you rather_than he that are to blame for the terrible accident.是你而不是他因这次可怕的事故应受责备。写出下列句中more than的含义afor many people, fishing is more than a sport; it is an art.不仅是bshe is a kind girl and more than willing to help others.非常cit also benefits those users who have more than one task to perform.超过；多于believe it or not， there is no such thing as standard english.(p13)信不信由你，(世界上)没有什么标准英语可言。(1)such与a/an连用时，要放在a/an的前面；与all, no, some, any, few, little, many, much, several, one等词连用时，应位于它们的后面。(2)suchthat . 如此以至于(3)such . as . 像这样的。比较下列句子，注意连接词的作用。this is such a difficult problem as all of us cant work out.(as引导定语从句)this is such a difficult problem that all of us cant work it out.(that引导结果状语从句)everything comes with a price; there is no_such_thing_as a free lunch in the world.任何事情都是要付出代价的，在这个世界上并没有什么免费的午餐。lucy was admitted to peking university, while i had no such luck.露西被北京大学录取了，而我却没有这样的运气。he was such a responsible teacher that we were all deeply moved.他是一位如此负责任的老师，以至于我们都被深深地感动了。such a book as you show me is difficult to understand.像你给我展示的这样的书是很难理解的。.单句语法填空1even if (receive) visitors, patients must observe normal hospital rules.答案：receivingeven if所引导的从句主语与主句主语相同且从句中含有be动词的某种形式，应采用省略结构，此处省略了they are。故填receiving。2she was more sad _ angry when her son lied to her.答案：thanmore a than b “与其说是b倒不如说是a”。3the book is written in such easy english beginners can understand it.答案：thatsuch . that . “如此以至于”。从句中有宾语和主语，故不是as引导的定语从句，而是that引导的结果状语从句。4such advice _ he was given has proved almost worthless.答案：assuch . as . “像这样的”，as在此引导定语从句修饰先行词advice，且在从句中作宾语。5i was more than _ (surprise) to see him behind me.答案：surprisedmore than与形容词连用表示“很，非常”，more than surprised表示“很/非常吃惊”。.完成句子1he is so busy. he cannot afford enough time with his son .他很忙，即使他想抽出足够的时间陪陪儿子也做不到。答案：even if he wants to2its _ a misunderstanding.这只是个误会。答案：no more than3there is _ failure. failure is just life trying to move us in another direction.世上没有失败，失败只不过是生活试图将我们推向另一个方向罢了。答案：no such thing as直接引语和间接引语()当我们转述祈使句时，通常将原句中的动词变为带to的动词不定式，并根据句子意思在不定式的前面加上ask, order, tell等动词，如果祈使句为否定式，则在不定式前加not。表示邀请、请求某人做某事时用ask/beg/request sb. to do sth.she said to us, “please have a rest.”she asked us to have a rest.她要求我们休息一下。表示告诉、吩咐、命令某人做某事时用tell/order/command sb. to do sth.the old man said to me, “dont smoke in the hall.”the old man told me not to smoke in the hall.这个老人告诉我不要在厅内吸烟。表示忠告某人(不)做某事，用advise sb.(not) to do sth.the officer said to us, “go away.”the officer advised us to go away.这个官员建议我们离开。.单句语法填空1she asked _ i would be free the next day or not.答案：whether由句意和or not可知，应填whether，表示“是否”。2the teacher advised us not _ (be) late for the meeting.答案：to beadvise sb. (not) to do s