高考英语一轮基础达标练题 Unit 5 First Aid（含解析）新人教版必修5.doc

unit 5 first aid李仕才一、阅读理解。a recent survey in the united states showed that the average family spent more money on its pets than on its children. although rather shocking, it should not surprise anyone who has seen the doggy parlours(客厅) where loved pets rest. are americans unique in treating their little friends in this way? no, the english, too, pay more attention to their pets.this can clearly be seen when we look at pet foods，which often contain more vitamins than human food. they certainly cost much. last year the british public spent two hundred million pounds on pet food alone, to say nothing of veterinary bills or animal furniture. it is difficult not to feel angry about this when considering what the same amount could do for victims of starvation and poverty, so its not unusual for me to get hot under collar when i read an old man left all his money to his dog instead of his children.there are a variety of reasons why i find pets-raising alarming. they cause physical problems. an example of this is new york where they have great difficulty getting rid of the mess that dogs leave on the streets. many people find this funny, but in a number of large cities it is a major problem. animals can cause disease, too. it is the threat of babies a disease with no known cure.another problem is the carelessness of pet owners. most little children want a dog or a cat，and they continually push their mothers and fathers until they get one. it is only when the sweet little thing has been brought home that the parents realize how much time and money must be spent on rover or bonzo. then they just abandon it. as a result, they are allowed to run free. english farmers lose hundreds of sheep a year, killed by someones pet and you must have read of children being hurt by some pets of their own.lastly, i would only suggest that we have got our priorities wrong and that something should be done about it. in my view, its time we stopped being sentimental about pets. i can see no reason why we should get upset when animals are cut up for medical experiments. this will lead us to discovering cures for serious human diseases, then i say,keep cutting!1. the doggy parlours are mentioned in the 1st paragraph to show _. a. what costly lives the pets are livingb. where americans keep their petsc. why children love their pets so muchd. how much pets depend on their masters2. in the second paragraph to get hot under the collar probably means _. a. getting quite hotb. becoming excitedc. feeling extremely angryd. receiving a fashionable shirt3. according to the author, in which field can animals be most useful?a. food. b. sports.c. entertainment. d. medicine.4. what is the authors attitude towards pets-raising?a. sympathetic. b. opposed.c. pitiful. d. supportive.【文章大意】这是一篇议论文。作者通过介绍饲养宠物存在的种种问题(譬如饲养成本昂贵、宠物致人受伤、传染疾病等)，表达了自己反对饲养宠物，而是应当将宠物用于贡献人类医学实验的观点。1. a【解析】推理判断题。the doggy parlours所在的句子就是为了进一步阐释第一句a recent survey in the united states showed that the average family spent more money on its pets than on its children.，即如今人们在饲养宠物上花销巨大的现状。故答案为a。3. d【解析】推理判断题。从本文的最后两句i can see no reason why we should get upset.this will lead us to discovering cures for serious human diseases.可知作者认为宠物在人类医学领域可以起着有益的作用。因此答案为d。4. b【解析】观点态度题。文章前面介绍了成本昂贵、传染疾病等饲养宠物的危害，后面又提到应把宠物用于贡献人类医学领域中去，故而可以看出作者对于饲养宠物的做法持反对态度。因此答案为b。二、单句语法填空1it is vital that these forms _ (send) back as early as possible.答案：(should) be sentit is vital that . “是十分重要的”。其中that从句谓语动词应用“should动词原形”，should可以省略。2_ the aid of our professor, we finished the experiment successfully.答案：withwith the aid/help of . “在的帮助下”。3youd better put things back _ place. otherwise, it will be difficult to find them.答案：inin place “在适当的位置”。4we _ (watch) tv when there was a power failure.答案：were watchingbe doing . when . “正在做这时”，再由“there was .”可知应用过去进行时，故填were watching。5the new technology, if _ (apply) to rice growing, will help increase the grain output.答案：applied从句为状语从句的省略形式。the new technology与apply之间为逻辑上的被动关系，故应填过去分词作状语。6men and women should _ (treat) equally in education and employment.答案：be treatedtreat和men and women在逻辑上存在动宾关系，应用被动语态。7his head had struck the wall and _ (bleed)答案：was bleeding此处表示头部正在流血，前一分句用了过去完成时，故此处应用过去进行时，表示过去某时正在持续的状态。8everyone arrived late at the party for _ (variety) reasons.答案：various修饰名词reasons应用形容词，表示“各种各样的”，故填various。9television violence _ (poison) the minds of young people.答案：is poisoning表示现阶段正在持续发生的动作，应用现在进行时。10dozens of people got _ (injury) and many vehicles were set on fire.答案：injuredget injured “受伤”。三、完形填空。阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的a、b、c和d四个选项中，选出可能填入空白处的最佳选项。an 18yearold student at stanford university was struggling to pay his fees.not knowing where to turn for money，he came up with a bright _1_.he and a friend decided to host a musical concert on campus to _2_ money for their education.they_3_ out to the great pianist ignacy jpaderewski.his manager_4_ a guaranteed fee of$2,000 for the piano recital(独奏会)a deal was_5_ and the boys began to work to make the concert a _6_.the big day arrived.but _7_ ，they had not managed to sell enough tickets.the total _8_ was only $1,600.disappointed，they went to paderewski and explained their plight(困境)they gave him the entire $1,600，plus a _9_ for the balance$400.they promised to honor the check at the _10_ possible.paderewski tore up the check，_11_ the$1,600 and told the two boys to keep the money they needed for the fees.the boys were_12_ ，and thanked him heartedly.it was a small act of _13_.but it clearly marked out paderewski _14_ a great human being._15_ should he help two people he did not even know? we all _16_ situations like these in our lives.and_17_ of us only think“if i help them，what will happen to me？”the truly _18_ people think，“if i dont help them，what will happen to them？”they dont do it _19_ something in return.they do it _20_ they feel its the right thing to do.1a.timebtaskcidea ddecision2a.receive braisecborrow ddonate3a.reached bturnedcpointed dcalled4a.increased bcoveredcconsidered ddemanded5a.rejected bstruckccanceled dattracted6a.success bcareercbackground dperformance7a.uncertainly bunbelievablycunfortunately dundoubtedly8a.cost bbillccollection dallowance9a.benefit bprofitccharge dcheck10a.soonest blatestclongest dfarthest11a.took bcountedcdeposited dreturned12a.pleased bsurprisedcfrightened dinterested13a.devotion bkindnesscsympathy dteamwork14a.like bforcas dto15a.how bwherecwhen dwhy16a.come across bdeal withcadapt to dthink of17a.both bfewcnone dmost18a.able brichcgreat dfamous19a.taking bexpectingcoffering dpreparing20a.because bthoughcbefore dso【解题导语】两个大学生本想通过组织一场音乐会赚取学费，可是音乐会并不成功，但善良的受邀钢琴家的大方举动却给他们解了围。1c根据设空后的he and a friend decided to host a musical concert.可知，他和朋友决定举办一场音乐会以筹集学费，这是他的想法(idea)。故选c项。2b根据上文中的not knowing where to turn for money可知，由于学费不够，他和朋友决定举办音乐会来筹集学费。receive意为“收到”；raise意为“筹集”；borrow意为“借”；donate意为“捐献”。故选b项。3areach out to意为“表示对感兴趣；表示愿意提供援助”；turn out意为“证明是；结果是”；point out意为“指出”；call out意为“大声呼叫；呼喊”。根据第二段可知，他们开音乐会要邀请著名的钢琴家，说明他们对这位钢琴家有兴趣。故选a项。测训诊断：本题考生易误选b项。考生易把turn to“求助于”和turn out to“证明是；结果是”以及reach out to“表示对感兴趣”混淆。4d根据设空后的a guaranteed fee可知，钢琴家的经纪人要求(demanded)他们付2,000美元的保证金。故选d项。increase意为“增加”；cover意为“覆盖；遮蔽；包括；报道”；consider意为“考虑；细想；认为”。5b根据设空后的began to work可知，他们之间达成了协议。strike a deal意为“达成协议”；reject意为“拒绝”；cancel意为“取消”；attract意为“吸引”。故选b项。6a他们达成了协议，并且为了音乐会的成功举办，他们开始积极筹备。故选a项。success意为“成功的事”，career意为“职业；事业”；background意为“背景；出身”；performance意为“表演；演出；表现”。7c根据前文可知他们达成了协议，再根据设空后的had not managed to sell enough tickets可知，他们并没有卖出足够的票，这对他们来说是不幸的。故选c项。8c根据设空后的$1,600以及下文的$400可知，此处指他们总的筹款为1,600美元。cost意为“花费；成本；代价”；bill意为“账单”；collection意为“筹集的钱；收藏品”；allowance意为“津贴；补贴”。9d根据下文的they promised to honor the check at the _ possible.可知，因为他们并没有筹到足够的钱，所以又写了400美元的支票作为欠款。故选d项。10a他们承诺尽快(soonest)承兑支票，故选a项。11d根据空前的paderewski tore up the check及空后的told the two boys to keep the money they needed for the fees可知，钢琴家撕毁了支票，并且还把1,600美元还给了(returned)他们让他们当做学费。故选d项。12b根据上文可知，他们本来是承诺了要给钢琴家2,000美元，但却没有筹够钱，而钢琴家又把钱还给了他们，因此，他们非常惊讶(surprised)而且非常感激。故选b项。pleased意为“高兴的；快乐的；满意的”；frightened意为“害怕的”；interested意为“感兴趣的”。13b根据上文可知，钢琴家没有要保证金，而且把钱给了两个大学生充当学费，因此这是一个善举。devotion意为“献身；贡献”；kindness意为“善良”；sympathy意为“同情”；teamwork意为“团队合作”。故选b项。14c钢琴家的善举使得他更显人的伟大之处。mark.out as意为“使看上去脱颖而出成为”，符合语境。故选c项。15d根据下文可知，每个人都遇到过帮与不帮别人的问题，由此可推测，本句应是探讨帮助别人的原因。故选d项。16a根据下文and _ of us only think“if i help them, what will happen to me？”可知，我们都曾遇到过类似的情况。come across意为“偶遇；邂逅”，符合语境。故选a项。deal with意为“处理；处置”；adapt to意为“适应”；think of意为“想起；想到”。17d根据语境可知，此处应指我们大多数，故选d项。18c根据上句可知，大多数人是在想帮助别人对自己的影响，而伟大的人却想如果不帮助别人对他人有什么影响。great意为“伟大的”，符合语境。故选c项。19b根据上文的“if i dont help them, what will happen to them？”可知，他们是在考虑别人，不求(expecting)回报。故选b项。20a根据最后一段可知，伟大的人不求回报地去帮助别人，他们之所以这么做，是因为他们感觉这是正确的事情。因此，设空处表原因，引导原因状语从句。故选a项。四、单句改错1i dont know what to do, because the number of problems have arisen._答案：thea此处表述“大量的问题出现了”。the number of . “的数量”；a number of “许多；大量的”，后接可数名词复数形式。2dont take anything away. father likes everything to be in the place._答案：去掉thein place “在适当的位置”。3we try to create work experience opportunities that will really make big difference to us._答案：make后加amake a difference “有影响；起作用”。4he decided to apply for the boss for a job the next day._答案：第一个fortoapply to sb. for . “向某人申请”。5there is no doubt whether global warming is a threat to us all._答案：whetherthatthere is no doubt that . “毫无疑问”。五、短文改错假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号()，并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线()划掉。修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。(2018陕西省部分学校第一学期摸底检测)as is often the case，when people are attending meetings, having meals or waiting for buses，you can always find it addicted to their phones，completely ignore others.this is really a common phenomenon in our life.the reason is because smartphones nowadays can be used for people to play mobile games but keep in touch with friends through qq and wechat.however，too many exposure to phones is bad for people in term of health.moreover，people who were engaged in phones fail to communicate well those around them.as far as im concerned，people should wise make use of their phones to help with their work and study.in addition to，they should care more about their family members and friends rather than smartphones.【答案】as is often the case，when people are attending meetings, having meals or waiting for buses，you can always find addicted to their phones，completely others.this is really a