三高考高考英语试题分项版解析 专题22短文改错（含解析）.doc

专题22短文改错2016年高考题1.【2016全国新课标i】短文改错（10 分） 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。 增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（），并在其下面写出该加的词。 删除：把多余的词用斜线（）划掉。修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。my uncle is the owner of a restaurant close to that 1 live .though not very big ,but the restaurant is popular in our area .it is always crowded with customers at meal times .some people even had to wait outside my uncle tells me that the key to his success is honest. every day he makes sure that fresh vegetables or high quality oil are using for cooking. my uncle says that he never dreams becoming rich in the short period of time. instead, he hopes that our business will grow steady.【答案】1. that where 2. but去掉 3. had have 4. honest honesty 5. or and 6. using used 7. becoming前加of 8. the a 9. our his 10. steadsteadily 【归纳总结】在英语中though、although、while或者as等引导的让步状语从句不和but连用；连词because不和so连用；此外，return不和back连用。3. had have 考查动词时态。 文章是介绍现在的情况，应该用一般现在时。4. honest honesty 考查名词。此处是指诚实是他成功的秘诀，用名词形式。 而形容词honest意思是“诚实的”，是指人的性格特点。 考点：考查短文改错2.【2016全国新课标ii】短文改错（共10小题，每小题1分，满分10分）假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（），并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线（）划掉。删除：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。the summer holiday is coming. my classmates and i are talking about how to do during the holiday. we can chose between staying at home and take a trip. if we stay at home, it is comfortable but there is no need to spend money. but in that case, we will learn little about world. if we go on a trip abroad, we can broaden you view and gain knowledges we cannot get from books. some classmates suggest we can go to places of interest nearby. i thought that it is a good idea. it does not cost many, yet we can still learn a lot.【答案】1.how改为what 2.chose改为choose 3.take改为taking4.but改为and 5.about后加the6.your改为our7.knowledges改为knowledge8.删除can或can改为should9.thought改为think 10.many改为much【解析】试题分析：考查记叙文，“我”和同学们对暑假的旅游计划的讨论。5.about后加the 考查定冠词。在英语中定冠词the通常表示特指，本句中the修饰world表示特指这个世界。6.your改为our 考查代词。应该使用our与本句的主语we保持一致。句意：如果我们出国旅游，我们就拓宽视野并学到书本上学不到的知识。7.knowledges改为knowledge 考查名词单复数。本句中名词knowledge是不可数名词，没有复数形式。8.删除can或can改为should 考查虚拟语气。动词suggest作为建议的时候，后面的宾语从句要使用虚拟语气“(should)+动词原形”,所以本句可以删除can或can改为should。9.thought改为think 考查时态。本文介绍我和同学们商量暑假旅游的事情，全文以一般现在时为主，所以本句使用现在时think。10.many改为much 考查代词。本句中代词much代替不可数名词much money作为动词cost的宾语，而many通常代替可数名词复数形式。【名师点睛】高考短文改错考点层次一般而言可依次分为词法的测试、句法的测试和语篇的测试三个层面。考点层次越高，就越能测试出考生运用语言的能力。低层次的考点往往侧重于语法方面的考查，而高层次的考点往往侧重于考生对文章意义方面的理解。一、词法改错词法的测试包括：定冠词和不定冠词的用法；名词的单复数和名词的所有格；动词的时态、语态、语气，情态动词和非谓语动词等；人称代词、人称代词的格、物主代词、指示代词、连接代词、不定代词等的用法；介词的搭配；并列连词、从属连词的用法；形容词、副词的区别以及比较级和最高级的用法；固定搭配和习惯用法。例如：本题中的5.about后加the 考查定冠词7.knowledges改为knowledge 考查名词单复数10.many改为much 考查代词三、语篇改错语篇的测试包括：上下文的时态是否一致；上下文中的代词指代是否一致；上下文中的逻辑关系是否一致。4.but改为and 考查连词6.your改为our 考查代词和逻辑关系9.thought改为think 考查时态考点：考查短文改错3.【2016全国新课标iii】短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号()，并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线()划掉。修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词； 2. 只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。 the teenage year from 13 to 19 were the most difficult time for me . they were also the best and worse years in my life . at the first, i thought i knew everything and could make decisions by yourself. however, my parents didnt seem to think such. they always tell me what to do and how to do it. at one time , i even felt my parents couldnt understand me so i hoped i could be freely from them. i showed them i was independent by wear strange clothes. now i am leaving home to college. at last, i will be on my own, but i still want to have my parents to turn to whenever need help.【答案】51.yearyears52.worseworst53.the去掉54.yourselfmyself55.suchso56.telltold57.freelyfree58.wearwearing59.tofor60.i need55.suchso考查so/such的用法。 my parents didnt seem to think so我的父母似乎不这样认为，so指代上一句的内容，故把such改为so。56.telltold考查时态。通篇回忆过去的事情，使用的一般过去时，故把tell改为told。57.freelyfree考查形容词副词。be后跟形容词构成系表结构，be free from.摆脱.，不受.的影响，故把freely改为free。58.wearwearing考查固定搭配。by是介词，意为“通过”，后跟名词代词或动名词，故把wear改为wearing。59.tofor考查介词。leave sp for sp离开某地前往另一地，college是目的地，故把to改为for。60.i need考查状语从句。whenever引导让步状语从句，意为“无论何时，随时”，从句缺少主语，根据句意可知，这里指“我”需要父母的帮助，故在whenever后加i。考点：名词；形容词；代词；介词；最高级；固定搭配；时态account for； add up to； back up； break down； break away from； bleak out； break up； break in； break off； bring about； bring up； bring out； bring down； build up； call off； call for； call on； carry out； check in； clear up； come off； come around； count on； cut down； cut off； do away with； dwell on； fall back on； fall out； get over； get out of； get at； give out； give up； give off； hang on； hold back； keep back from； keep up with； lay off； lay down； live up to； look into； look forward to； look over； make up； make out； pass away； put up with； role out； run out of； set about； take over； take up； take in； take off； turn up； turn out； work out 等。还有一种常考的动词的用法就是语态。在所分析的文字中包含谓语动词，那么应该分析是否是这方面的问题。其中应该重点分析主语与谓语动词的关系是主动还是被动。2连接词错误的发现与解决例： however, a second person thought that this was more a question of civilized behavior as good manners本题所考查的就是比较连接词的用法。从前文的more我们就可以看出，下文的as是不恰当的，正确的答案应是比较连接词than。一般来说，比较连接词所考查的重点集中在as与than的用法上。句意中是否还有比较意义是很容易辨别的，我们一旦觉察到句子有比较的意思，就应考虑是否是as与than的用法混淆。此外定语从句的连接词也是要特别注意的。我们看 2000年6月的第74题：instead，this other person told us a story，it he said was quite well known在这里，句子的后半段很明显是一个非限制性的定语从句，所以应将it改为which.非限制性的定语从句的连接词在近几年的考试中反复出现，应该引起我们的重视。解决此类问题的方法是，凡是发现有复合句的分析对象，首先就要考虑从句的连接词。首先看是否有连接词，其次看连接词是否正确，尤其是which与 that的不同应用。3语言环境类错误的发现与解决从历年的考题来看，语言环境类的错误是最有章可循的。这类错误一般是一行中的关键词与上下文所体现出来的意思完全相反。此类题的解决也较简单，那就是将不符合文意的词改为它的反义词即可。如第54题就是属于语境错误。句意：我认为我什么都知道，可以自己拿主意了。这里指作者自己做决定，根据主语i可知，应该用myself，故把yourself改为myself。4.【2016四川】短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号()，并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线()划掉。修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1每处错误及其修改均仅限一词； 2只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。it is mothers day today.though its a western festival, its popular in china now.mom has a full-time job,so she has to do most of the houseworks.she is a great mother.both dad or i planned to do something on mothers day.we get up early in the morning.dad cleaned the house,and then went on shopping.when he came back,i found a bunch of flowers in her hand.i asked mom to stay in the sitting room and i cooked in kitchen.the dishes what i cooked were moms favoritiest.at dinner,we said to her,“happy mothers day！”mom was grateful and moving. 【答案】 1.so-but 2.houseworks-housework 3.or-and 4.get-got 5.去掉on 6.her-his 7.在in和kitchen之间加the 8.what-that/which(或去掉what) 9.favoritest-favorite 10.moving-moved 7.在in和kitchen之间加the 句意：我在厨房里做饭。此处特指在厨房里。故在in和kitchen之间加the。8.what-that/which(或去掉what) 此处考查引导定语从句的关系代词。句意：我做的菜是妈妈最喜欢的。the dishes 做先行词，指物，定语从句缺少引导词，从句缺少宾语，可知引导词在定语从句中作宾语，故把what-that/which(或去掉what)。9.favoritest-favorite “favorite”本身就是“最喜欢”，故把favoritest-favorite。10.moving-moved 句意：妈妈即感激有感动。故把moving-moved。考点：考查短文改错5.【2016浙江】短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）下面短文中有10处语言错误。请在有错误的地方增加、删减或修改某个单词。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（），并在其下面写上该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线（/）划掉。修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写上修改后的词。注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词； 2.只允许修改10处，多着（从第11处起）不计分。 when i was a very young children, my father created a regular practice i remember well years late. every time he arrived home at end of the day ,wed greet het at the door. he would ask who we was and pretend not to knowing us, then he and my mother would have had a drink while she prepared dinner and they would talk about his day and hers. while they chat, my father would lift my sister and me up to sit in the top of the fridge. it was both excited and frightening to be up there！my sister and i thought he was so cool for putting us there.wheniwasaveryyoungchildren,myfathercreatedaregularpracticeir childememberwellyearslate.everytimehearrivedhomeatendoftheday, later thewedgreetheratthedoor.hewouldaskwhowewasandpretendnottoknowing him were knowus,thenheandmymotherwouldhavehadadrinkwhilesheprepareddinnerandtheywouldtalkabouthisdayandhers.whiletheychat,myfatherwouldliftmysisterand chatted meuptositinthetopofthefridge.itwasbothexcitedandfrighteningtobeupthere！on exciting66.【答案】children改成child67.【答案】late改成later【解析】试题分析： late是形容词“迟的”，或副词“迟地”，但是“一段时间后面应该接later”，表示“时间以后”。故late改成later。考点：考查副词68.【答案】at后面加the【解析】试题分析： at the end of为固定搭配，意为“在结束的时候”。故at后面加the。考点：考查冠词69.【答案】her改成him【解析】试题分析： 根据上文可知我们每天在门口迎接爸爸。用him指代my father，作greet的宾语。故her改成him。考点：考查代词70.【答案】was改成were考点：考查主谓一致71.【答案】knowing改成know【解析】试题分析：pretend后面接不定式作宾语，这里是否定式pretend not to do。故knowing改成know。考点：考查动词不定式72.【答案】去掉had【解析】试题分析：句意：他和我妈妈会喝些东西。这里不是虚拟语气，不能用would have done，用would do表示“过去常常做”。故去掉had。考点：考查动词形式73.【答案】chat改成chatted【解析】试题分析：根据主句内容myfatherwouldliftmysister可知while引导的时间状语从句用一般过去时。故chat改成chatted。考点：考查动词时态74.【答案】in改成on【解析】试题分析：on the top of为固定搭配，意为“在顶部”。故in改成on。考点：考查介词75.【答案】excited改成exciting【解析】试题分析：这句话的主语是形式主语it，真正的主语是to be up there，主语是物的时候，表语应该用现在分词形式的形容词。故excited改成exciting。考点：考查形容词例如：本题中的 66. children改成child（名词单复数错误）67. late改成later（副词错误）68. at后面加the（冠词错误）69. her改成him（代词错误） 71. knowing改成know（非谓语动词错误）72.去掉had（虚拟语气错误）73. chat改成chatted（动词时态错误）74. in改成on（介词错误）75. excited改成exciting（形容词错误）2015年高考试题1.【2015陕西】短文改错（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌系的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏词符号（），并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线（）划掉。修改：在错的词下划一横线（），并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1.每处错误及修改均仅限一词； 2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。my soccer coach retired in last week. i wanted to do anything special for him at his retirement party. my mum makes the better biscuits in the world, so i decide to ask her for help. mum taught me some basic step of baking. i insisted on doing most of the baking myself. i thought the biscuits were really well. my only mistake was that i dropped some on the floor after i was packing them up.at a party, my coach, with a biscuit in his mouth, asked surprisingly who made them and joked, “i might have to retire again next year just get some more of these biscuits.”my favorite picture at the party is of my coach and me enjoy the biscuits with happy laughter!【答案】76.去掉in77.anything 改为something78.better改成best79.decide改成decided80.step 改为steps81.well改成good82.after改成when/while83.a改为the84.just后加to85.enjoy改为enjoying 82.句意：我唯一的错误是在我将它们打包的时候将它们掉在地上。after改成when/while83.这里是特指第一段提到的退休聚会。a改为the。84.句意：我可能明年要再退休一次，只是想得到更多这样的饼干。用不定式做目的状语。just后加to。85.句意：我最喜欢的照片是我和我的教练在聚会上开心地享受饼干。of后面接动名词，my coach and me是逻辑主语，enjoy改为enjoying。【考点定位】考查短文改错2.【2015四川】短文改错（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）下面短文中有10处语言错误。请在有错误的地方增加、删除或修改某个单词。增加：在缺词处加一个漏词符号（），并在其下面写出该加的词；删除：把多余的词用斜线（）划掉。修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1. 每句不超过两个错误；2. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一次；3. 3.只允许修改10出，多者（从第11处起）不计分。hi, janice,its been a month since i came to this new school and i really want share with you some of theproblems i have been experiencing.as i tell you last time, i made three new friend here. we hang out together during lunch andafter school. weve been spending a lot of time sing in karaoke bars. its been three saturdaysnow and it really costs me many. and i started to see this as a timewasting activity! in fact ,i dont like to go anymore, so im afraid ill lose their friendship. how do you think i should do? if you are me ,would you talk to him?please help with me and give me some advice.grace【答案】61.加上to62. tell-told63. friend-friends64.sing-singing65. many-much66.so-but67. how-what68. are-were69. him-them70. 去掉with63. friendfriends 考查名词的复数。名词friend为可数名词，其前有three修饰，需要用复数形式，故把friend改成friends。句意为：我在这儿交了三个新朋友。64.singsinging 考查动名词担当宾语。本句考查句型spend（in）doing sth结构，故把sing改成singing。65. manymuch 考查代词。根据句意，指的是花费很多钱，故用much而非many。句意为：那真的花费很多。66.so-but考查连词。上一分句意为：我不想再去；下一分句意为：我怕失去他们的友谊，两个分句之间有转折关系，故把so改成but。67. howwhat 考查疑问词的选择。本句中do之后缺少宾语，表示事情，故用what而非how。注意首字母要大写。68. arewere 考查虚拟语气。根据句子可知，此处为虚拟语气，与现在事实不相符，故把are改成were。句意为：如果你是我,。69. himthem 考查代词。根据上文可知，作者交了三个朋友，故用them而非him。句意为：你会和他们说吗？70. 去掉with 考查动词。动词help为及物动词，其后接宾语时无需加介词，故去掉with。句意为：请帮帮我，给我一些建议。【考点定位】考查短文纠错3.【2015浙江】短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）下面短文中有10处语言错误。请在有错误的地方增加、删除或修改某个单词。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（），并在其下面写上该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线（）划掉。修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。例如：it was very nice to get your invitation to spentweekend with you. luckily thei was completely free then, so ill to say “yes”. ill arrive in bristol at around 8:00 p.m. amin friday evening.onmy old classroom was interesting because three side of the classroom were made from glass. i enjoyed sit close to the windows and looking at the view. on the left-hand side of the class, i could easy see the football field. in the mornings, it was full of students exercising. the view from the back of the classroom is also splendid. close to the school there was a beautiful park with many trees around them. farther in the distance, i could not enjoy the view of snowy mountains. on the right side of the class was the road. i was always interested to see the drivers in hurry in the morning. the position of the classroom with its view made me felt like i was dreaming. if i was only a child when i studied in that classroom, i will never forget it.【答案】side-sidesfrom-tosit-sittingeasy-easilyis-wasthem-itnot 删除in hurry- in a hurryfelt-feelif-although/thoughsit-sitting考查动名词 动词enjoy后接 ing形式。 easy-easily考查副词 此处的副词修饰动词seeis-was考查动词的谓语时态 根据前后句的谓语时态都是使用过去的，所以这里面也需要用过去时态。them-it考查代词 此处的it指代的是学校。删除not 考查意思是否表否定 该句的意思应该是表达肯定而不是否定所以要删除notin hurry- in a hurry考查冠词 in a hurry 意为“立刻”，也是一个固定搭配felt-feel 考查使役动词的法。 make sb do sth,是使役动词的用法。if-although/though考查连词的用法 ，根据句意“尽管在我读书的时候我是一个小孩，但我不会忘记它”表达让步，而不是条件。而且翻译为如果意思上也不通。【考点定位】短文改错【名师点睛】这种题目对语法的要求很高，要求注意上下文的，以及单词的用法，以及特殊用法、固定搭配等。其实这一些错误很有可能是在写作中会出现，所以，加强写作的练习对于这一种题目，也是有帮助的。另外，这种题目也可以改编一下，成为语法填空的题目。4.【2015新课标全国ii】短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。 增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（），并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词作斜线（）划掉。修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2. 只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。one day , little tony went to a shopping center with his parent. it was very crowded. tony saw a toy on a shop window. he liked it so very much that he quickly walked into the shop. after looks at the toy for some time, he turned around and found where his parents were missing. tony was scared and begun to cry. a woman saw him drying and telling him to wait outside a shop. five minutes later, tony saw parents. mom said,“how nice to see you again! dad and i were terrible worried. ” tony promised her that this would never happen again.【答案】71. parent改为parents72. on改为in73. very去掉74. looks改为looking75. where改为that 或者去掉 where76. begun改为began77. telling改为told78. a改为the79. saw后加his80. terrible改为terribly【考点定位】语法填空。【名师点睛】通过短短的100多个词，使考生能正确运用各类词和固定搭配，如动词、名词、副词、代词和连词，辨别并改正错误。总的说来，本题都是学生平时书面表达中常见的错误。多读多练习就能找出问题所在，也能对写作有帮助。5.【2015新课标全国i】第1节 短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）假定英语课上老师要求同桌之问交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号()，并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线( )划掉。修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1每处错误及其修改均仅限一词； 2只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。when i was a child, i hoped to live in the city. i think i would be happy there. now i am living in a city, but i miss my home in countryside. there the air is clean or the mountains are green. unfortunately, on the development of industrialization, the environment has been polluted. lots of studies have been shown that global warming has already become a very seriously problem. the airs we breathe in is getting dirtier and dirtier. much rare animals are dying out . we must found ways to protect your environment. if we fail to do so ,well live to regret it .【答案】76. think thought 77. countryside前加the78. orand79. onwith 80. been去掉81. seriouslyserious82. airsair 83. muchmany 84. foundfind85. yourour81. seriouslyserious句意：全球变暖已经成为严重的问题。词性用法错误。修饰名词，前面用形容词修饰。82. airsair 句意：我们呼吸的空气变得越来越脏。名词用法错误。名词air为不可数名词。83. muchmany句意：许多罕见的动物已经消失。名词animal为可数名词，故用many修饰。84. foundfind句意：我们必须找到方法来保护我们的地球。动词用法错误。情态动词must后接动词原形。85. yourour句意：我们必须找到方法来保护我们的地球。代词用法错误。这里应当是保护我们的环境。【考点定位】短文改错。【名师点睛】改错题整体难度适中，文章简单易懂。考点分布均匀，添、删、改比例为1:1:8。重点考查时态、名词的单复数、冠词、连词、副词以及介词的搭配等。考生解此类题型时一般应遵循保持句子原意的原则，即不能改变文章或作者所表达的意思，包括其语气和上下文的逻辑关系。只对短文中的用词错误、语法错误、行文关系错误进行改正，且要小改而不大改。2014年高考试题【2014四川卷】 短文改错(共10小题：每小题1.5分，共15分)下面短文中共有10处语言错误，请在有错误的地方增加、删除或修改某个单词。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（），并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线（）划掉。注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2. 只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。hello, boys and girls! today, i am going to talk with what you should do when a fire alarm go off. if you hear the alarm, stand in line at the door and wait your teacher to lead you outside. stay close to your teacher and classmate. dont panic or get out of line, and trying to remain quiet and calmly. soon the firefighters will come and put out a fire. if its a false alarm and there is no fire, your teacher will lead us back to the classroom. if you notice that when someone is missing and hurt, tell your teacher immediately.【答案】with -about。go-goes。wait 后加for。classmate -