三高考高考英语试题分项版解析 专题13人物传记、故事类（含解析）.doc

专题13人物传记、故事类2016年高考题1.【2016全国新课标i】c i am peter hodes ,a volunteer stem courier. since march 2012, ive done 89 trips of those , 51 have been abroad, i have 42 hours to carry stem cells（干细胞）in my little box because ive got two ice packs and thats how long they last, in all, from the time the stem cells are harvested from a donor(捐献者) to the time they can be implanted in the patient, weve got 72 hours at most, so i am always conscious of time. i had one trip last year where i was caught by a hurricane in america. i picked up the stem cells in providence, rhode island, and was meant to fly to washington then back to london. but when i arrived at the check-in desk at providence, the lady on the desk said: “well, im really sorry, ive got some bad news for you-there are no fights from washington.” so i took my box and put it on the desk and i said: “in this box are some stem cells that are urgently needed for a patient-please, please, youve got to get me back to the united kingdom.” she just dropped everything. she arranged for a flight on a small plane to be held for mere-routed(改道)me through newark and got me back to the uk even earlier than originally scheduled.for this courier job, youre consciously aware than that box youre got something that is potentially going to save somebodys life.29.which of the following can replace the underlined word “courier” in paragraph17a provider b delivery man c collector d medical doctor30.whydoespeterhavetocompletehistripwithin42hours?a.hecannotstayawayfromhisjobtoolong.b.thedonorcanonlywaitforthatlong.c.theoperationneedsthatverymuch.d.theicewontlastanylonger.31.whichflightdidthewomanputpeteronfirst?a.tolondonb.tonewarkc.toprovidenced.towashington【答案】29-31.b d.b【技巧点拨】词义猜测题的答题技巧。1.根据定义或上下文解释进行猜测2.根据同位关系进行猜测3.根据构词法(前缀、后缀、复合、派生等)进行猜测4.根据转折或对比关系进行猜测。在本文中要根据上下文对作者工作的描写来推测出正确的词义。30. d细节理解题。根据第一段第二句i have 42 hours to carry stem cells in my little box because ive got two ice packs and thats how long they last.可知冰盒只能保持42小时适宜的温度。故选d 。31.b细节理解题。根据第二段末句 she arranged for a flight on a small plane to be held for me, re-routed me through newark 可知，这位好心的女士首先安排作者去newark的航班。故选 b。考点：故事类短文阅读2.【2016全国新课标ii】b five years ago, when i taught art at a school in seattle, i used tinkertoys as a test at the beginning of a term to find out something about my students. i put a small set of tinkertoys in front of each student, and said:”make something out of the tinkertoys. you have 45 minutes today - and 45minutes each day for the rest of the week.” a few students hesitated to start. they waited to see the rest of the class would do. several others checked the instructions and made something according to one of the model plans provided. another group built something out of their own imaginations. once i had a boy who worked experimentally with tinkertoys in his free time. his constructions filled a shelf in the art classroom and a good part of his bedroom at home. i was delighted at the presence of such a student. here was an exceptionally creative mind at work. his presence meant that i had an unexpected teaching assistant in class whose creativity would infect(感染) other students. encouraging this kind of thinking has a downside. i ran the risk of losing those students who had a different style of thinking. without fail one would declare, ”but im just not creative.” “do you dream at night when youre asleep?” “oh, sure.” “so tell me one of your most interesting dreams.” the student would tell something wildly imaginative. flying in the sky or in a time machine or growing three heads. “thats pretty creative. who does that for you?” “nobody. i do it.” “really-at night, when youre asleep?” “sure.” “try doing it in the daytime, in class, okay?”5. the teacher used tinkertoys in class in order to _?a. know more about the students b. make the lessons more exciting c. raise the students interest in art d. teach the students about toy design6. what do we know about the boy mentioned in paragraph 3?a. he liked to help his teacher. b. he preferred to study alone. c. he was active in class. d. he was imaginative.7. what does the underlined word “downside” in paragraph 4 probably mean?a. mistake. b. drawback. c. difficulty. d. burden.8. why did the teacher ask the students to talk about their dreams? a. to help them to see their creativity. b. to find out about their sleeping habits. c. to help them to improve their memory. d. to find out about their ways of thinking.【答案】5. a 6. d 7. b 8. a 7.b 词义猜测题。根据划线单词后一句“i ran the risk of losing those students who had a different style of thinking.”可知我冒着失去那些有不同思维方式的学生的危险。说明我的这种教育方法也有不足之处。故划线词意为“drawback缺点”。故b正确。8.a 推理判断题。根据文章最后七段中的对话内容可知作者鼓励孩子们说出最有趣的、有创造性和想象力的梦，并鼓励他们在白天的课堂里把梦的内容做出来。作者这样做的目的就是为了让他们发现自己的创造性和想象力。故a正确。 除此之外，我们还可以根据转折或对比关系进行判断：根据上下句的连接词，如but，however，otherwise等就可以看到前后句在意义上的差别，从而依据某一句的含义，来确定另一句的含义。另外，分号(；)也可以表示转折、对比或不相干的意义。 还可以根据因果关系进行判断：俗话说，“有因必有果，有果必有因”。根据原因可以预测结果，根据结果也可以找出原因。例如biggestpowerfailureinthecityshistoryallofouricecreamandfrozenfoodsmelted 根据因果关系，停电只能导致冰淇淋和冷冻食品“融化”，也就是melted。考点：考查记叙文阅读3.【2016北京】bsurviving hurricane sandy(飓风桑迪)natalie doan,14, has always felt lucky to live in rockaway, new york. living just a few blocks from the beach, natalie can see the ocean and hear the wave from her house. “its the ocean that makes rockaway so special,” she says.on october 29, 2012, that ocean turned fierce. that night, hurricane sandy attacked the east coast, and rockaway was hit especially hard. fortunately, natalies family escaped to brooklyn shortly before the citys bridge closed.when they returned to rockaway the next day, they found their neighborhood in ruins. many of natalies friends had lost their homes and were living far away. all around her, people were suffering, especially the elderly. natalies school was so damaged that she had to temporarily attend a school in brooklyn.in the following few days, the men and women helping rockaway recover inspired natalie. volunteers came with carloads of donated clothing and toys. neighbors devoted their spare time to helping others rebuild. teenagers climbed dozens of flights of stairs to deliver water and food to elderly people trapped in powerless high-rise buildings.“my mom tells me that i cant control what happens to me,” natalie says. “but i can always choose how i deal with it.”natalies choice was to help.she created a website page matching survivors in need with donors who wanted to help. natalie posted introduction about a boy named patrick, who lost his baseball card collecting when his house burned down. within days, patricks collection was replaced.in the coming months, her website page helped lots of kids: christopher, who received a new basketball; charlie, who got a new keyboard. natalie also worked with other organizations to bring much-need supplies to rockaway. her efforts made her a famous person. last april, she was invited to the white house and honored as a hurricane sandy champion of change.today, the scars(创痕)of destruction are still seen in rockaway, but hope is in the air. the streets are clear, and many homes have been rebuilt. “i cant imagine living anywhere but rockaway,” natalie declares. “my neighborhood will be back, even stronger than before.”59.when natalie returned to rockaway after the hurricane ,she found_.a.some friends had lost their livesb.her neighborhood was destroyedc.her school had moved to brooklynd.the elderly were free from suffering60.according to paragraph4,who inspired natalie most?a.the people helping rockaway rebuildb.the people trapped in high_rise buildingc.the volunteers donating money to survivorsd.local teenagers bringing clothing to elderly people61.how did natalie help the survivors?a.she gave her toys to the kidsb.she took care of younger childrenc.she called on the white house to helpd.she built an information sharing platform62.what does the story intend to tell us?a.little people can make a big differenceb.a friend in need is a friend indeedc.east or west,home is bestd.technology is power【答案】59.b60.a61.d62.a60.a细节理解题。根据第四段“in the following few days, the men and women helping rockaway recover inspired natalie.”可知，那些帮助rockaway恢复重建的人给了natalie鼓舞，故选a。61.d细节理解题。根据倒数第三段“she created a website page matching survivors in need with donors who wanted to help.”可知，natalie创建了一个网站来分享和匹配求助信息和捐赠信息，故选d。62.a写作意图题。根据倒数第二段“her efforts made her a famous person. last april, she was invited to the white house and honored as a hurricane sandy champion of change.”可知，natalie的助人行为得到了社会的认可和赞扬，说明小人物也可以有大作为，故选a。考点：人物故事类短文阅读。2、该类文章语言流畅、有趣，命题往往从故事的情节、人物或事件之间的关系、作者的意图和态度、故事的前因和后果等方面入手，考查学生对细节的辨认能力以及推理判断能力。这类文章同学们常有文章易懂，题目不易做的感觉。要注意培养自己快速阅读的习惯。切不可在个别难懂的词句上停留太久，耽误时间。3、对整篇短文内容有了一定的了解后，要马上看短文后的问题，带着问题去选择或判断答案。要确定所需查找的信息范围，并注意所查找信息的特点。例如：如果问题或选项涉及到人名、地名，就应该找首字母大写的单词；如果问题或选项涉及时间、日期、数字，就应该寻找具体的数据。4.【2016天津】bevery man wants his son to be somewhat of a clone, not in features but in footsteps. as he grows you also age, and your ambitions become more unachievable. you begin to realize that your boy, in your footsteps, could probably accomplish what you hoped for. but footsteps can be muddied and they can go off in different directions.my son jody has hated school since day one in kindergarten. science projects waited until the last moment. book reports werent written until the final threat.ive been a newspaperman all my adult life. my daughter is a university graduate working toward her masters degree in english. but jody? when he entered the tenth grade he became a “vo-tech” student(技校学生). theyre called “motorheads” by the rest of the student body.when a secretary in my office first called him “motorhead”, i was shocked. “hey, hes a good kid,” i wanted to say. “and smart, really.”i learned later that motorheads are, indeed, different. they usually have dirty hands and wear dirty work clothes. and they dont often make school honor rolls(光荣榜).but being the parent of a motorhead is itself an experience in education. we who labor in clean shirts in offices dont have the abilities that motorheads have. i began to learn this when i had my car crashed. the cost to repair it was estimated at $800. “hey, i can fix it,” said jody. i doubted it , but let him go ahead, for i had nothing to lose.my son ,with other motorheads,fixed the car. they got parts(零件）from ajunkyard, non-toasting toaster have been fixed.neighbours and co-workers trust their car repair to him.since that first repair job, a broken air-conditioner, a non-functioning washer and a non-toasting toaster have been fixed. neighbors and co-workers trust their car repairs to him. these kids are happiest when doing repairs. they joke and laugh and are living in their own relaxed world. and their minds are bright despite their dirty hands and clothes. i have learned a lot from my motorhead: publishers need printers, engineers need mechanics, and architects need builders. most important, i have learned that fathers dont need clones in footsteps or anywhere else. my son may never make the school honor roll. but he made mine.41. what used to be the authors hope for his son?a. to avoid becoming his clone.b. to resemble him in appearance.c. to develop in a different direction.d. to reach the authors unachieved goals.42. what can we learn about the authors children?a. his daughter does better in school.b. his daughter has got a masters degree.c. his son tried hard to finish homework.d. his son couldnt write his book reports.43. the author let his son repair the car because he believed that_.a. his son had the ability to fix it.b. it would save him much time.c. it wouldnt cause him any more lossd. other motorheads would come to help.44. in the authors eyes, motorheads are _.a. tidy and hardworkingb. cheerful and smartc. lazy but brightd. relaxed but rude45. what did the author realize in the end?a. it is unwise to expect your child to follow your path.b. it is important for one to make the honor roll.c. architects play a more important role than builders.d. motorheads have greater ability than office workers.【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。作者一开始希望自己的儿子能效仿他，完成他没有实现的目标。但是他的儿子学习成绩不理想，只上了技校。一次作者的车坏了，儿子和同学帮助作者修好了车，让作者改变了自己的看法。41.【答案】d考点：考查细节理解。42.【答案】a 【解析】试题分析：根据第三段的句子my daughter is a university graduate working toward her masters degree in english，可知，作者的女儿学习很好。故选a。考点：考查推理判断。43.【答案】c【解析】试题分析：根据第六段的句子i doubted it, but let him go ahead, for i had nothing to lose，可知，作者让儿子修车，因为他觉得这不会给他带来损失。故选c。考点：考查细节理解。44.【答案】b【解析】试题分析：根据倒数第三段的句子these kids are happiest when doing repairs. they joke and laugh and are in living in their own relaxed world. and their minds are bright，可知，在作者眼中，motorhead是令人兴奋的，聪明的。故选b。考点：考查推理判断。45.【答案】a 考点：考查细节理解。【名师点睛】这是一篇故事类短文，题目设置都以细节题为主，细节题一般就是文章出现的内容即是答案，也有推理判断题，就是不是通过题干的某个单词定位到文中能直接看出答案来的，要通过故事中人物的语言，动作去揣摩他们的真正意图。做题时不能流于表面。可以适当运用一些解题技巧。做推理判断题要善于抓住某一段话中的关键信息，即某些关键词或短语去分析、推理、判断，利用逆向思维或正面推理，从而推断出这句话所隐含的深层含义。比如这篇阅读理解的第二题，问：作者的孩子是怎么样的？根据第三段的内容my daughter is a university graduate working toward her masters degree in english. but jody? when he entered the tenth grade he became a “vo-tech” student(技校学生). theyre called “motorheads” by the rest of the student body.可知，作者的女儿正在学习硕士学位，所以b是错的；而作者的儿子是一个技校生，学习不是很好，c是错的；d项说作者的儿子不能完成报告，而文中只是说他的儿子会拖延，所以d也是错的，正确答案是通过第三段内容推理出来的。5.【2016上海】(a) one early morning, i went into the living room to find my mother reading a thick book called best loved poems to read again and again. my interest was aroused only by the fact that the word “poems” appeared in big, hot pink letters. “is it good?” i asked her. “yeah,” she answered. “theres one i really like and youll like it, too.” i leaned forward. “patty poem,” she read the title. who is patty? i wondered. the poem began:she never puts her toys away, just leaves them scatteredwhere they lay, 散乱的the poem was just three short sections. the final one came quickly:when she grows and gathers poise, 稳重 ill miss her harum-scarum noise, 莽撞的 and look in vain for scattered toys. 徒劳地and ill be sad. a terrible sorrow washed over me. whoever patty was, she was a mean girl. then, the shock. “its you, honey,” my mother said sadly. to my mother, the poem revealed a parents affection when her child grows up and leaves. to me, the “she” in the poem was horror. it was my mama who would be sad. it was so terrible i burst out crying. “whats wrong?” my mother asked. “oh mama,” i cried. “i dont want to grow up ever!” she smiled. “honey, its okay. youre not growing up anytime soon. and when you do, ill still love you, okay?” “okay,” i was still weeping. my panic has gone. but i could not help thinking about that silly poem. after what seemed like a safe amount of time, i read the poem again and was confused. it all fit so well together, like a puzzle. the language was simple, so simple i could plainly understand its meaning, yet it was still beautiful. i was now fascinated by the idea of poetry, words that had the power to make or break a persons world. i have since fallen in love with other poems, but “patty poem” remains my poem. after all, “patty poem” gave me my love for poetry not because it was the poem that lifted my spirits, but because it was the one that hurt me the most.66. why was the writer attracted by the book best loved poems to read again and again? a. it was a thick enough book. b. something on its cover caught her eye. c. her mother was reading it with interest. d. it has a meaningful title.67. after her mother read the poem to her, the writer felt _ at first. a. sad b. excited c. horrified d. confused68. the writers mother liked to read “patty poem” probably because_. a. it reflected her own childhood b. it was written in simple language c. it was composed by a famous poetd. it gave her a hint of what would happen69. it can be concluded from the passage that“patty poem”leads the writer to _. a. discover the power of poetry b. recognize her love for puzzles c. find her eagerness to grow up d. experience great homesickness【答案】66.b67.a68.d69.a69.a 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“i have since fallen in love with other poems, but “patty poem” remains my poem. after all, “patty poem” gave me my love for poetry not because it was the poem that lifted my spirits, but because it was the one that hurt me the most.”可知这首诗让作者感受了诗歌的美，让作者爱上了诗歌，这首因为她发现诗歌有强烈的情感冲击力。故a项正确。【名师点睛】本文属于判断推理题中的人物性格、心情处境、态度及观点等推断题高考阅读测试中有些题目考查学生对文章作者的主导思想、被描写人物语气、言谈话语中流露的情绪、性格倾向和作用或文中人物的态度、观点等方面的理解。做这一类题时一定注意：（1）由表及里地准确把握字里行间的意思，切勿用自己的主观想法或观点代替作者的思想观点。（2）特别注意那些描写环境气氛的语言，以及表达感情，态度观点的词语。要特别注意作者在文章中的措辞，尤其是感情色彩的形容词。（3）能结合自己平时积累的有关英语国家的文化传统、风俗习惯等背景知识来识别评价。考点：考查记叙文阅读6.【2016上海】(a) one early morning, i went into the living room to find my mother reading a thick book called best loved poems to read again and again. my interest was aroused only by the fact that the word “poems” appeared in big, hot pink letters. “is it good?” i asked her. “yeah,” she answered. “theres one i really like and youll like it, too.” i leaned forward. “patty poem,” she read the title. who is patty? i wondered. the poem began:she never puts her toys away, just leaves them scatteredwhere they lay, 散乱的the poem was just three short sections. the final one came