八年级英语上重点词汇.doc

新目标英语八年级（上）重点词语讲解1. go, walk go 表示“离去”,不一定都是指步行走路 go 往往与带介词 to 的地点状语或带 by 的行为方式状语连用其主语可以是表示人物或非生物的名词或代词例如: People in the cities often go and help them. 城里的人经常去帮助他们 He will go to Beijing by plane. 他将乘飞机去北京 My watch doesnt go. 我的表不走了 walk 指步行或漫无目的地散步其主语通常是人例如: I walk to school sometimes. 我有时候步行去上学 We are going to walk there. 我们将步行去那里 They are walking along the street. 他们沿着大街散步 表示“步行到某一地点去”时,两者可以换用例如: He walked/went to the window. 他向窗口走去 注意: walk 不能与短语 on foot 连用,但 go 可以与 on foot 连用试译:他每天步行上学 误: He walks to school on foot every day. 正: He goes to school on foot every day. 2. city, town city 的意思是“城市”“都市”,一般指大而重要的城市例如: Shanghai is a big city. 上海是个大城市 There are many cities in England. 英国有许多城市 town的含义是“城镇”,指比 village(村庄)大,比 city 小的市镇town 也常作 countryside(农村)的相对用语例如: Our town is not big. 我们的城镇不大 He was born in a small town near Nanchang. 他出生在南昌附近的一个小镇里 注意: 我们能说 go to the city 或 go to town,但不能说 go to city 3. worry, worried worry 可用作及物动词或不及物动词它作及物动词用时,意为“使烦恼”“使担忧“其后的宾语通常是表示人的名词或代词例如: Whats worrying you? 什么事使你烦恼? worry 作不及物动词用时,意为“发愁”,“担心”,常与介词 about 连用例如: On the way home she began to worry. 在回家的路上,她开始着急起来 You dont have to worry about that. 你不必为那件事心里不安 worry 用作不可数名词时,意为“烦恼”“担心” worry 用作可数名词时,意为“烦恼的事”例如: He was showing signs of worry on his face. 他面带忧虑的神色 His life was full of worries. 他的生活里充满了烦恼的事情 What a worry that child is! 那个小孩子好不叫人担心! worried 可用作形容词,意为“担心的”,“烦恼的”,常与 be, look, feel 等连系动词连用例如: Your father is really worried. 你父亲确实很忧虑 He looked worried and ill. 他显得忧虑,且带有病色 “be worried about.”意为“为担心”例如: She is worried about her children. 她为孩子们担心 4. by bus, on a bus by bus 与 on a bus 都有“乘公共汽车”的意思 by bus 是习惯用语, bus 前面不能加冠词类似的短语还有 by train, by bike, by plane, by boat, by ship 等例如: She goes to school by bike every day. 她每天骑车上学 He went there by boat yesterday. 昨天他坐船去那里 表示交通工具的名词前面有 a, the, his 等限定词修饰时,其前通常用 in 或 on(用 on 是美国英语)而不用 by例如: We go to school on/in a bus. 我们乘公共汽车上学 He usually goes to work in/on his own car. 他通常乘自己的小汽车上班 表示交通工具的名词前面有表示时刻的词语修饰时,用 by 或 on 都可以例如: Well go by/on the eleven oclock train. 我们将乘十一点的火车去 注意:表示“骑自行车”时,应该用 by bike或on a bike, 不应该用 in a bike试译:有多少学生将骑自行车来? 误: How many students will come in a bike? 正: How many students will come by bike? 5. quick, fast, soon quick 是形容词,表示“动作短促迅速”,也可指“人的思维敏捷,反应灵敏”其副词形式为 quickly 例如: Be quick, or well be late. 快点,不然我们就要迟到了 After a quick breakfast, he went to school by bike. 他很快吃完早饭,骑上自行车上学去了 fast 指“人或物的运动速度快”它既可以用作形容词,也可以用作副词例如: Are you going there by the fast train? 你打算乘快车去那里吗? Li Ming runs very fast. 李明跑得很快 soon 侧重指两件事情先后发生,中间间隔的时间很短,常被译为“马上不久”例如: I want to see him soon. 我想马上见到他 Well start very soon. 我们马上出发 6. ill, sick ill 和 sick 作形容词用时,都有“患病的”“不健康的”之意但两者在含义和用法上不完全一样: (1) 英国人习惯用 ill 作表语,美国人习惯用 sick 作表语 (2) ill 表示“患病的”这一意思时,一般用作表语,不可置于名词前面作定语;而 sick 既可作表语又可作定语我们可以说“sick men“或“the sick”,但不能说“ill men“或“the ill”又如: Does she often get ill? 她经常生病吗? He was ill/sick in bed last week. 上周他卧病在床新目标英语八年级（上）重点词语讲解（）She is looking after her sick mother. 她在照顾她生病的母亲 (3) ill作定语修饰名词时,意为“坏的”“邪恶的”例如: He has an ill name. 他名声坏 (4) sick还有“恶心的”“厌倦的”意思例如: The smell makes people sick. 这气味使人感到恶心 He is sick of waiting. 他等得不耐烦了 7. lesson, class 当这两个名词表示四十五分钟的“一节课”时,可以相互换用例如: We have four classes/lessons in the morning and two in the afternoon. 我们上午上四节课,下午上两节课 但它们在下列情况下不可换用: (1) “第几课”“第几课书”中的“课”,习惯上用 lesson 表示,而不用 class例如: Were going to learn the first lesson tomorrow. 明天我们将学习第一课 There are forty-eight lessons in Book Two. 第二册书里有48课 (2) 如果说“开始上课”,习惯上用 class 而不用 lesson例如: Classes begin at eight in the morning. 上午八点开始上课 Its time for class now. 现在是上课的时候了 (3) class 还可作“班级”“同学们”“阶级”讲,而 lesson 无此意例如: Our school has thirty classes. 我们学校有三十个班级 Good morning, class! 同学们,上午好! (4) lesson 可以作“功课”“教训”讲,而 class 却不含此意例如: I can help you with your lessons. 我能帮你学习功课 Its a lesson to us all. 这对我们大家来说是个教训 lesson 和 class 还有下面一些固定的搭配: 1) do ones lessons 做功课 2) give lessons to 给上课 3) teach sb a good lesson 狠狠地教训某人一顿 4) after (before) class 课后(前) 5) in class 在课堂上 6) in the class 在班上 7) go to class 去上课 8. another, other 两者都可以用作形容词或代词,但区别在于: another 意为“任何一个”,相当于 an other,一般用来修饰或代替可数名词单数,其前不加其他修饰语,暗喻三个或三个以上的语境也没有 anothers 这个复数形式例如: Would you like another apple? 你想再吃一个苹果吗? I have two cakes, but I want another. 我有两个蛋糕,可我还想再要一个 other 意为“别的”,既可修饰或代替可数名词单数,也可修饰或代替可数名词复数(others), 其前多用定冠词 the,指两者中的“另外那个”或多个个体中的“另外那些”,表示特指例如: I have two friends. One is twelve, the other isthirteen. 我有两个朋友,一个十二岁,另一个十三岁 There are ten books on the bookshelf. Four are mine, the others are my fathers. 书架上有十本书,四本是我的,其余的是我父亲的 9. match, game 这两个名词均可作“比赛”“竞赛”讲说球类比赛,英国人常用 match,而美国人常用 game例如: The football match was wonderful last week. 上周那场足球赛很精彩 Is the game popular in the USA? 这种比赛在美国流行吗? game 也多指游戏比赛或娱乐活动, match 一般没有此意例如: He plays a good game at cards. 他纸牌打得好 They had a game at chess. 他们下了一盘棋 另外,应注意以下 game 的习惯用法: We play games every afternoon. 我们每天下午做游戏 The 29th Olympic Games will be held in Beijing in 2008. 2008年第29届奥林匹克运动会将在北京举行 10. all, whole 这两个词都有“所有的”“全部的”之意,但它们在用法上却有所不同: 1) all 与 whole 都可用作形容词 all 可作定语和表语;而 whole 只能作定语,不能作表语我们可以说: Thats all for today. (今天就到这儿) 但不可说: Thats whole for today. 另外, all 可以作主语的同位语,而 whole 却不能例如: We all went to the Peoples Park last Sunday. 上星期天我们都去了人民公园 2) all 与 whole 在句中的位置不同 all 常位于定冠词物主代词指示代词或名词所有格之前,而 whole 则常位于冠词物主代词指示代词或名词所有格等的后面例如: All the students are here today. 今天所有的学生都到了 All my classmates went to the zoo yesterday. 昨天我所有的同学都去动物园了 How hard all these people are working! 所有这些人工作多么努力啊! It took us all the day/the whole day to do this work. 我们花了一整天时间做这项工作 I told him the whole story/all the story. 我把整个故事都告诉了他 I know her wh