Philosophy 中西哲学比较.ppt

DifferencesbetweenChineseandWesternphilosophies英语2班成员 吴秋红 闫赛祎 高洁依 郑典 谢蕊杰 崔曼 Contents ThedefinitionofPhilosophyOriginDevelopmentChinesephilosophyWesternphilosophyConclusionComparison Whatisphilosophy FromancientGreekphilosophia consistingofphilolosandSophia Itmeanslovingwisdom Marx Philosophyisthesystematicworldoutlookandmethodology FengYoulan Philosophyisthethoughtofasystematicreflectionoflife MouZongsan Alltheactivitiesofhumannature toreasonandideastoreflectonthephilosophyis LuoSu Philosophyteachespeoplenottobeabletodeterminehowtoliveandnottobehesitant TheoriginofancientChinesephilosophy 中国古代哲学 最初是从原始宗教中逐渐分化出来的 早在原始社会 距今约170万年 公元前2100年 就已经孕育着哲学的胚芽 原始人在自己的劳动中了解自然界 有了唯物论萌芽的基础 主要体现在阴阳五行的观念上 远在公元前1000余年 在农业和畜牧业发展的基础上 人们有了现在 过去 未来的时间观念 称当今为 今 过去的日子为 昔 旬内之某日为 翌 次旬之某日为 来 同时为了区分土地 进行商业交通和军事征伐 人们也有了东 西 南 北 中五方的空间观念 在生产发展基础上 人们除了时空观念外 还产生了原始的阴阳五行观念 阴阳观念记载于 周易 中国史学界比较一致断定 商 殷 代是中国历史上的奴隶制时代 尚书 商书 盘庚 以后各篇和殷墟小屯发掘出来的甲骨文片 是中国最早的成文史料 诗经 商颂 说 帝立子生商 商代统治者自认为是上天的子孙 是代表上天来管理臣民的 周灭商时 周统治者宣称 丕显文王 受天有 佑 大命 大盂鼎 意即文王创立了灭商事业 是受天命保佑的 周天子是上天在天上的投影 庄子 天下篇 也指出 这时期的哲学思想是 以天为宗 以德为本 这道出了哲学同宗教 伦理的结合 但是这时的哲学思想 只是处在萌芽状态 尚未形成哲学学派 还没有建立真正的哲学体系 因而没有什么著名的哲学家 现在一般把中国传统哲学划分为七个阶段 即先秦子学 两汉经学 魏晋玄学 隋唐佛学 宋明理学 明清实学 乾嘉朴学 Theoriginofancientwesternphilosophy Europeandeventhewholewesternphilosophy TheearliestancientGreekphilosophygenresschoolproducesaround7orbeforethe6thcenturyBC beforethis theancientGreekphilosophyhasalonggestationperiod InasensetheancientGreekphilosophyisthepremiseoftheancientGreekmyth sotospeak TheancientGreekmythincludesboththestoryofgodandthelegendofheroes Inthemostancientmythology talkedabouttheopening thebirthofthegodsofheavenandearth theoriginofhumanbeings andsoon InancientGreeceperson simagination godandmanismorphousgay godhasaperson simageandfeelings Indifferentplaceswithgodandman isthattheyareneverdie theyarebiggerandmorepowerfulthanman anddominatedthefortunesofthehumandestiny MountOlympus12maingodisactuallytheembodimentoftheforcesofnature ThedevelopmentofChinesephilosophy SpringandAutumnandtheWarringStasesperiods Ahundredschoolsofthoughtcontend Philosophicalorigin QinandHandynasty Strategyleading TheWei jinandTangdynasties Spiritualimpactstrategy SongandMingdynasty Reconciliationandholyendeavourtoclose Qingdynasty Invasionsofforeign practicallearning ThedevelopmentofWesternphilosophy Pre SocrateseraSocrateseraBeliefageThediscoveryofmanandnatureUnitedKingdommodernphilosophy Frenchenlightenmentphilosophy GermanclassicalphilosophyModernphilosophyPost modernphilosophy Chinesephilosophy 天人合一 HarmonyisoneofthefundamentalviewoftheChineseancientphilosophy heaven nature andmanisappropriate Emphasizethreeisthe bookofchanges of heaven earthandpeople makingpeoplethecenter illustratestheimportanceofpeople Isthewayofheaven everything inthebeginning tothewaythat allthings thewayofpeopleisthat allthings sothethreeearthhavetheirway butwatchingoutforeachothereachother Thewayofheavenandearthtogenerate thewayofpeopletoobtain Natureandhumanity isthedayandinductionofrelationsbetweenpeople Taoistthoughtdayisnatural thepersonisapartofnature So thisistheunityofnatureandman becauseofsomanyrulesandregulationsofunfettered makespeoplewereseparatedfromthenatureofnatural getawayfromthenature Therefore toachieveharmony mustabandonthoseterms willbereleasedalltheirownhumannature fullyintegratedintothenatureReachthestatewitheverythingintheworld Chinesephilosophyingenerallackofinterestincognitionofthingsandreligiousbeliefs andmorethanmakepublicthehumannatureofthingsandintuitivewisdom So Chinesephilosophyismorewisdominlife ratherthantothemicroscopicworldtoexplore Chinesephilosophyhasaprofoundculturalconsciousness andtranscendenceofreality Beyondtherootcauseisfromtheheart isintheheart notbasedonaspecificthings So Chinesephilosophyinpursuitofinnerbeyonddoesnotneedexternalalmsatthesametime alsodonotneedtosocialreality Ifpeoplewanttosay forexample thekingdomofheaven thatdaycountriesinpeople sminds ratherthaninanotherworld Westernphilosophy 天人分离 Westernphilosophyinitiallyputforwardtheproposition wateristhesourceofallthings Wedon thavetogetthispropositioniscorrectornot butatthesametimeputsforwardanotherquestionwhatconstitutes everythin sincethen thedirectionofthewesternphilosophicalexplorationisthemicrocosmicworld Thusaffectedtheircognitivehabits frommicroscopictowholethings AtthetimeofserviceinChristianphilosophy thusmakealotofmistakesinsciencebecomeentrenched Brunotohumanscienceisoneoftheverysmallexample Butduetothepursuitofmicroworld inthestudyofphilosophyatthesametime makenaturalsciencesuchasphysicshasbeenlong termdevelopment AftertheRenaissance suspectedofreligionismoreandmorefrequent Paymoreattentiontoreality opposeautocracyandcentralization requiredtheliberationandfreedomofthought Afterthisphilosophy morerational logicalandaxiom Throughthedualismoffusionmaterialviewchallengesatheismandotherfaiths Facemoreproblemsfromthebeginningofthe19thcentury philosophy includingsocial political economic scientific logical andsoon Makesphilosophytowardsthediversification Conclusion Inaword westernphilosophyfromGreekphilosophybegantopayattentiontotheworldandhumanexploration thoughmidwaycontrolledbyChristiantheology butasaresultofChristianityitselfisalsoinfluencedbywesternphilosophy sothatitsphilosophyisademocraticandscientific WhileChinesephilosophyemphasizesman srepairforrightfromthestart themorepeoplefrominternalbegantopractice SounderstandingoftheworldandChinesephilosophyfrompeople frompeople sAngleforunderstandingoftheworldtoexplore Withtheaccelerationofglobalizationoftoday ssociety theeasternandwesternphilosophicalthoughtstouchintensifying anditsperformanceisalsoeveryaspect Twoculturaldifferencesbetweeneastandwest respectively originatedfromtwodifferenttypesofphilosophicalviews Toanswerthisquestion isdividedintotwoaspects Ontheonehandisdifferent ontheotherhandisthesame Differences westernphilosophyfromancientGreecetoemphasizedichotomy Takeindividualasthecore rationalandstruggleasthemainperformance Theancie