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BiohydrogenProductionfromSewageSludgeUsingaContinuousHydrogenFermentationSystemwithaHeatTreatmentVessel KSCEJournalofCivilEngineering 2010 14 5 673 679 Abstract Ananaerobichydrogenfermentationsystemwithathermophilicflow throughreactor 55oC forhydrogenproductionandaboilingretentionvessel 100oC forcontinuousheattreatment wasstudiedforenhancedcontinuoushydrogenfermentationusingsewagesludge TheperformanceofthehydrogenfermentationsystemwastestedatvariousHydraulicRetentionTimes HRTs rangedfrom1to5days Theheattreatmentofthefermentingsludgeusingtheboilingretentionvesselwasaneffectivetoselecthydrogenproducingbacteria andtoincreasethehydrolysisofparticulateorganicsinsewagesludge Introduction Commercialhydrogenisalmostproducedfromsteamreformingofnaturalgasesandgasificationofcoal buttheserequirehigh energyinputsobtainedfromnon renewableresources Withbothadvantagesofhydrogenproductionandstabilizationoforganicwaste theanaerobicfermentationisrelativelyanefficientandinexpensivemethodcomparedtothephysicochemicalmethodsforhydrogenproduction Theobjectiveofthestudyistodevelopacontinuousanaerobichydrogenfermentationsystemwithstablehydrogenproductionbyheattreatment andwithhighyieldofhydrogenbyadoptingthermophiliccondition MaterialsandMethods ExperimentalApparatus Gassamplingpot Activatingreactor Biogas Sludgetank Insutation HeatingCoil Thermophilicfermenter Efluent AnalysisandCalculations Biogasproductionwasmonitoreddaily anditscompositionwasanalyzedbyagaschromatographequippedwithathermalconductivitydetectorToanalyzethemethaneandcarbondioxideinthebiogas withaflowrateof40mL min andthetemperaturesoftheinjector detector andcolumnwere80 90 and50oC respectively Thevolatilefattyacidlevelsandtheircompositionswereanalyzedbyhigh performanceliquidchromatography Themixedliquorswereintermittentlytakenfromboththeflow throughandtheretentionreactor andtheproperties includingpH alkalinity COD VSS VS andTS ofthesampleswerealsoanalyzedaccordingtotheStandardMethods ThehydrolysisrateandVFAproductionratewerecalculatedbyEqs 1 and 2 respectively massSCOD d effluent massSCOD d influent massPCOD d influent massPCOD d effluent 1 massVFA d effluen massVFA d influent massSCOD d effluen massSCOD d influent 2 HydrogenProduction HydrolysisandVSReduction VFAProductionandHydrogenYield ResultsandDiscussion HydrogenProduction HydrogenProduction HydrogenProductionthehydrogenproductionratewasquicklyincreasedandapproachedtosteadystatewithinthe10thdayoftheoperationat1dayHRTtheexposureofthefermentingsludgetoheatisagoodapproachforboththeselectionofhydrogenproductionbacteriaandtheenhancementofhydrolysisrateofparticulateorganicmatter However aproperHRTisalsoveryimportanttoobtainhigherhydrogenproduction Inthestudy theproperHRTwas3days andthehydrogenproductionwaslimitedbythehydrolysisratefor1dayHRTandbythehydrogenconsumptionactivityfor5daysHRT HydrolysisandVSReductionThehydrolysisintheanaerobicdegradationfororganicsludgecontainingparticulatematterisusuallyaratelimitingstep affectingonthewholeperformanceofanaerobicprocess anddeterminingVS VolatileSolids removalofthesludge VSremovalandhydrolysisrateweresignificantlyaffectedbypHconditionInthecaseofRunIIIwith5daysHRT VSremovalwas37 9 whichwashigherthanRunIorRunII TheeffectoftheexposuretimeofthefermentingsludgetoheatwasconfirmedagainbytheincreaseofVSremovalinRunIIIwithlongerHRT HRTintheanaerobichydrogenfermentationsystemwithcontinuousheattreatmentisanimportantparameterinselectinghydrogenproducingbacteriaanddeterminingthepathwaysforminghydrogen pHisanotherimportantparameterdeterminingthemetabolicpathwayforminghydrogen VFAProductionandHydrogenYield highermaximumyieldofhydrogencomparedtopreviousstudieswas3 07mmolH2 gTS whichwasobtainedat3daysHRT ThehydrogenyieldandhydrolysisrateweresignificantlyaffectedbypHcondition andproperpHforthehydrogenfermentationwasfrom5 5to6 5 Thehydrogenproductionwaslimitedbythehydrolysisfor1dayHRTandbythehydrogenconsumptionactivityfor5daysHRT Conclusion Thecontinuoushydrogenfermentationsystem consistedofathermophilic 55 flowthroughreactorandaboilingretentionvessel 100 forcontinuousheattreatmentwasagoodprocessforcontinuoushydrogenproductionfromsewagesludge Thecontinuousheattreatmentofthefermentingsludgeusingtheboilingretentionvesselwasaneffectivemethodfortheselectionofhydrogenproducingbacteria andtheincreaseofVSremovalinvirtueoftheenhancementofhydrolysisforparticulateorganicsinsewagesludge TheperformanceofhydrogenfermentationwassignificantlyaffectedbythehydraulicretentiontimeandpH andtheop
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