Uni主谓一致ppt课件

Book1 Grammar NewTimesCollegeEnglish 主谓一致 Unit3 综述 主谓一致 语法一致原则 就近原则 注意事项 意义一致原则 Exercises 综述 主谓一致即句子的主语和谓语在人称和数上保持一致 一般说来 主语的单 复数形式决定着谓语动词应采取的相应形式 在实际应用中 有时情况较为复杂 但在现代英语中基本遵循如下原则 语法一致原则 意义一致原则和就近原则 语法一致原则 语法一致原则就是根据主语的语法形式决定其谓语动词的语法形式 主语是单数 谓语动词就用单数形式 主语是复数 谓语动词就用复数形式 例如 Aletterhasbeensenttoeverystudent Twolettershavebeensenttoeverystudent Totreattheminthatwayisunfair Smokingcigarettesisdangeroustoyourhealth 意义一致原则 意义一致原则指主谓之间的一致关系不是由主语的语法形式来决定 而是由主语所表达的意义来决定 形式是单数的主语 其谓语可能是复数形式 反之 形式是复数的主语 其谓语有可能是单数 详见后文所述 例如 Theclassaredoingexperimentonheatandlight Theteamareplayingmagnificently TheUnitedStatesisacountryadvancedinscienceandtechnology TendollarsisallIhaveleft Twothirdsoftheareaisunderwater 同一单词作主语 根据其表达意义的不同 有时用单数动词 有时却要用复数动词 例如 Thefamilyisthebasicunitofthesociety ThefamilyhaveagreedamongthemselvestospendtheirvacationinItaly 就近原则 就近原则是指谓语动词与它最近的名词 代词或其他词在人称或数上保持一致 常见于either or neither nor等并列结构或there here引起的句子中 例如 Neitherhenorhisparentshavethemoneytobuythishouse Eitheryouorhewaswrong Thereisapen afewenvelopesandsomepaperinthedrawer Notonlyhischildrenbuthehimselfishopingtobethere 注意事项 谓语动词用单数的情况谓语动词用复数的情况谓语动词的单 复数要视情形而定的情况 1 谓语动词用单数 1 one each noone oneof manya either neither和some any no every构成的代词 如 somebody someone something anyone anything nothing everybody everything 等作主语或主语修饰语时 谓语动词用单数 例如 Everyboyandgirlistreatedinthesameway Neitherofthemdrinkscoffee Eachmanand each womanhasgoodreasontobeproudoftheworkdonebytheirfathers 2 akindof asortof aportionof asectionof aseriesof asuccessionof apairof acoupleof等修饰主语时 谓语动词一般根据语法一致原则一般用单数 例如 Apairofscissorsiswhatheneedsnow Aseriesoflecturesonradioengineeringisscheduled Thereisacoupleofvacantroomsbehindtheoffice 1 谓语动词用单数 3 表示国家 单位 书报等名称或表示时间 距离 体积 度量衡 将它视为一整体 等的名词或短语作主语时 谓语动词用单数 例如 TheNetherlandsisfamousforitstulips Onehundredmilesistoofartotravelonfoot Tenpoundswasmissingfromthebill TheThirty NineStepsisaninterestingnovel 4 不定式 动名词短语或名词性从句作主语时 谓语动词也要用单数 例如 Tomasteratleastaforeignlanguageisverynecessaryinthepresentconditions Forgettingthepastmeansnothingbutbetrayal Whentheywillstartontheirjourneyhasn tbeendecided 1 谓语动词用单数 5 单数词作主语 虽然后接由including aswellas togetherwith inadditionto accompaniedby等词或短语连接其他的词 谓语动词仍然用单数 例如 Gold aswellassilver hasrecentlyriseninprice Thefactory withallitsequipment hasbeenburned Johntogetherwithhisbrotherhasgonetotheparty 2 谓语动词用复数 1 both some few many several themajority of theminority of 等词语作主语或主语修饰语时 谓语动词用复数 例如 BothofthemhavegonetoShanghaionbusiness Fewofmyclassmatesreallyunderstandme Themajorityof the doctorsbelievesmokingisharmfultohealth 2 以复数形式结尾的山脉 群岛 瀑布等专有名词作主语时 谓语动词用复数 例如 TheNiagaraFallsareveryspectacular ThePhilippineIslandsareinthePacificOcean 3 表示群体或类属的 the 形容词 作主语时 谓语动词用复数 例如 Theinjuredweresenttohospitalatonce Inmanywesternfilms thegoodarewellrewardedandthebadarepunished 3 单复数视情况而定 1 由and连接两个主语时 谓语动词一般用复数 例如 Yourproblemandminearesimilar 但当and连接的词语作整体考虑 指同一人 同一事物或概念时 谓语动词用单数 例如 Theworkerandpoethaspublishedacollectionofpoemsrecently Toomuchworkandtoolittlerestoftenleadstoillness 当and连接两个形容词修饰一个单数名词作主语时 如果指一件事物谓语动词用单数 如果指两件事物则谓语动词用复数 如 Ablackandwhite 黑白相间的 horsewasdrinkingwater Theredandtheyellowrosearebothbeautiful 2 集合名词如family group team thepublic crowd committee staff等作主语 表整体意义时用单数 表个体意义时用复数 3 单复数视情况而定 如 Ourteamhaswonthegame Ourteamarediscussingthematterofhowtowin 3 一些表示数量的词 如alotof anyof mostof halfof two thirdsof eightypercentof partof therestof someof noneof allof等与名词连用时 后面名词用单数则谓语动词用单数 名词用复数 谓语动词也用复数 例如 Alargepercentageofourpilotsretireearly Alargepercentageofhisincomeispaidinincometax Mostofthebookisinteresting Mostofthebooksareinformativethoughalittledull 3 单复数视情况而定 4 另一些表示数量的词anumberof atotalof anaverageof等后接复数名词 谓语动词用复数 但其中不定冠词换成定冠词时 谓语动词要用单数 例如 Anumberofstudentswerelateforschoolowingtothestorm Thenumberofjobsisincreasing Anaverageof3000lettersamontharereceivedbythenewspaper soffice Theaveragenumberoflettersreceivedeachmonthis3000 Exercises 1 Directions Inthisexercise thereare20sentences ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA B C andD Choosetheonethatbestcompletesthesentence B D C 1 Tenpercentoftheworkersinthiscity nowonstrike A isB areC istobeD aretobe2 NotonlyyouandIbutPeter thetopstudentinourgrade notabletosolvetheproblem A areB wereC amD is3 Thegovernment hopingtomaketheirfindingsknownsoon A isB hasbeenC areD be Exercises 4 Todaythere anumberoftelephonecallsfromtheapplicantsfortheposition A havebeenB ishavingC hasbeenD aretohave5 Thenationwantspeace onlyaminority thewartocontinue A wantB wantsC wantedD hastwanted6 Theplaywriteranddirector promisedtoattendourteaparty A HaveB hasC areD is B A A Exercises 7 Anotherthreeweeks necessaryforustofinishthework A areB wasC isD willhavebeen8 HeistheonlyoneofthebrighteststudentswhofromNewYorkUniversity A isgraduatedB havegraduatedC hasgraduatedD aregraduated9 Whetherornotthenewplanwillyieldanypositiveresults tobeseen A remainB isremainedC remainsD haveremained C C C Exercises 10 Thefirstpartofthelecturewasinterestingbuttherest A wasdullB weredullC hadbeendullD weretodull11 Collectingstampsasahobby increasinglypopularduringthepasttenyears A becameB becomesC hasbecomeD havebecome12 evidencethatlanguage acquiringabilitymustbestimulated A ItbeingB ItisC TherebeingD Thereis C D A Exercises 13 Halfoftheaudience foreigners A wasB wereC hadbeenD hasbeen14 Morethanoneexample necessarytomakethestudentsunderstandthisruleclearly A areB isC shouldbeD havebeen15 AnewTVseries handicappedchildrenthattheycanandshouldthinkaboutcareerdevelopment A havetaughtB teachesC teachD weretaught B B B Exercises 2 Directions Tickout 选出 thecorrectformoftheverbgiveninthebracketstocompleteeachsentence 1 There seem seems tobemanyargumentsonbothsides 2 Two thirdsofthis has have beenfinished 3 Nowtheband is are puttingawaytheirinstruments 4 Tendividedbytwo equal equals five 5 Apairoftrousers is are on