高考英语阅读理解词义猜测题解题技巧ppt课件.ppt

1 2 猜测词义 Guessingmeanings 3 词义猜测题常用的提问方式有 1 Theword refersto probablymeans couldbestbereplacedby 2 Theword ismostlikelytomean 3 Whatdoyouthinktheexpression standsfor 4 Theunderlinedword means Lead in 导入 4 1 Definition定义法 3 Similarity相似法 2 Contrast对比法 4 Causeandeffect因果法 5 Example例举法 8 CommonSense普通常识 6 WordFormation构词法 猜测词义 7 Context上下文 Itwillbeveryhardbutverybrittle thatis itwillbreakeasily 1 Definition定义法 一般通过定义 定语 从句 或同位语 从句 来确定词义 adj 易碎的 脆的 Theherdsman wholooksaftersheep earnsabout650yuanayear n 牧羊人 6 信号词 be becalled means bedefinedas thatis thatistosay inotherwords 破折号 等 Amosquitoisasmallflyingpestthatthrusttheskinandthendrinkblood Desertcanbedefinedasalargeareaoflandwherethereisnotenoughrainandvegetationtosupporthumanlife 蚊子 沙漠 7 Ex 1 Apersonwhoisskilledatmakingorrepairingwoodenobjectsiscalledacarpenter Hisuncleisazoologist anexpertwhodoesresearchonanimals Theyarevertebrates thatis animalshavebackbones Theperiodofadolescence i e theperiodbetweenchildhoodandadulthood maybelongorshort 木匠 动物学家 脊椎动物 青春期 Gettingthecoldshoulder meansthatsomeoneisactuallyinawaythatmakesyoufeelunwanted Theverywordscreateapicture Youcanimagineafriendturningawaysothat insteadofawarmgreeting youreceiveonlyhisshoulder a cold shoulder Theexpression gettingthecoldshoulder means beingtreatedrudelybypayingnoattentiontoyou B greetingyoufriendly C greetingyoubyrubbingshoulderswithyou D feedingyoucoldmeat 2 Contrast对比法 利用文中的反义词以及表对比关系的词 组 猜测词义 表示对比的信号词有yet but while thoughhowever otherwise ontheonehand ontheotherhand foronething foranotherthing insteadof等 10 ThoughTom sfacehasbeenwashedquiteclean hisneckstillremainsgrubby Johnusuallywastesalotofmoneyonsuchuselessthings hiswife however isverythrifty 污秽的 节约的 11 Ex 2 Inthepasttheworldseemedtoruninanorderlyway Now however everythingseemstobeinastateofturmoil Somehumanactionsarelearned butquiteafewotheractionsareinnate Althoughalargenumberofpeopleconsideredhimtohavestolenthemoney Iwassurethathewasinnocentofthetheft 混乱 无辜的 天生的 Mostofusagreed however Billdissented v 不同意 3 Similarity相似法 利用同义词 近义词 词组 或相似的结构猜测词义 Cleaningupwaterwaysisanenormoustask Thejobissolarge infact thatthegovernmentmaynotbeabletosavesomeoftheriversandlakeswhichhavebeenpolluted adj 巨大的 极大的 14 当被猜的词前后有信号词 or like as as thesameas等就可以通过同义词 近义词来确定词义了 Motherwastall fatandmiddle aged Myauntwasanoldwoman almostasplumpasmother andmuchshorter 圆胖的 15 4 CauseEffect因果法 从原因推测结果 从结果推测原因 Onewhoisdestitutehasagreatneedforfoodandclothing Thatmuseumissoimmensethatitwillbeimpossibletoseealltheexhibitsinoneday adj 贫穷的 穷困的 adj 大的 16 因果关系信号词 because since as for dueto so therefore so that such that thusRubbercanbemadetostretchmorethanninetimesitsnormallengthbecauseitisveryelastic Theriverissoturbidthatitisimpossibletoseethebottomevenwhenitisshallow 弹性的 混浊的 17 5 Example例举法 利用文中的举例猜测词义 常见的举例的信号词有forinstance forexample suchas such like especially include consistof等 Todayyoungcouplesoftenspendlotsoftheirmoneyonappliances forinstance washingmachines refrigeratorsandcolortelevisions n 电器用具 18 Carsmusthavecertainsafetydevicessuchasseatbelt headlights andgoodbrakes Onthefarmtheymainlyraisepoultry suchaschickens ducksandgeese fortheireggsandmeat 家禽 装置 6 WordFormation构词法 英语单词大多是由词根 词头 前缀 和词尾 后缀 所组成 词根是单词最基本的部分 表达单词的基本含义 在词根前或后加上前缀或后缀 可以用来引申或转变原词的意义 只要我们掌握了各种词根 词头和词尾的基本含义 那么就可以很容易猜测出由其构成的新词的含义了 20 中学英语中常见的前缀和后缀有 super 超 mini 极小的 微小的 micro 极微小的 re 再 反复 mis 误 恶 im 不 un 不 非 in 不 非 non 不 非 able 能 的 less 不 无 wards 向 21 supermanmicrowave 超人 nonnaturalmispronouce 非自然的 homelessnonsmoker 无家可归的 rebuildeastwards 重建 Canyouguesstherightmeanings 微波 非烟民 发错音 向东 22 TodaythesportispopularinLatinAmerica Asiaand unfortunately insomepartsoftheUnitedStates eventhoughitisunlawfulinalmosteverystate Whatdoestheword unlawful possiblymean A allowedbythelaw C againstthelaw B inaccordancewiththelaw D havingnothingtodowiththelaw Prefix 前缀 usual unusualhappy unhappy 23 Eg I mgoingtobuyamicrobus micro bus微型公共汽车 Thispossibilitywasunforeseeable becauseitalmostneverhappened un foresee able不可预见的 7 Context上下文 利用语境及前后的提示来猜测词义 A n 猫头鹰 A n 猿 27 8 Commonsense普通常识 根据普通常识和生活经验来猜测词义 在阅读的过程中 如遇到生词 有时可以根据自身的直接或间接的经验 或运用自己已有的常识将其推测出来 比如了解一些英美国家的天文地理 风俗习惯 宗教信仰 政治结构 社会制度等 可以帮助加深对文章的理解 遇到生词时 猜测词义的能力自然就会增强 28 Whenadoctorperformsanoperationonapatient heusuallygivesananaesthetictomakehimunconscious becausehedoesnotwanthispatienttofeelpainortoknowwhatishappeningtohim Whenyouthrowastoneintostillwaterofalake youwillwatcharipplespreadinringsonthesurfaceofwater Metalexpandswhenheatedandcontractswhencooled 麻药 波纹 膨胀 冷缩 29 Oneofsymptomscausedbythepeculiarillnessisahighfever Becausethischemicalliquidishighlyvolatile wemustkeepitinabottlewhichhasatightlid Inthestrongwind thebeggarshiveredwiththeterriblecold 症状 易挥发的 颤抖 30 Inquiry basedActivities I 探究活动 1 31 1 同位法 同位语部分alargebuildinginoldtimes给出了castle的确切词义 即 城堡 Theytraveledalongway atlastgottoacastle alargebuildinginoldtimes 32 2 定义法 定语从句中wholooksaftersheep就表明herdsman的词义为 牧人 Theherdsman wholooksaftersheep earnsabout650yuanayear 33 3 同位法 两个破折号之间的短语很清楚地表明nightshift是 夜班 的意思 Weareonthenightshift frommidnightto8a m thisweek 34 Albert ssuccessaftermucheffortandpracticeprovesthevalueofpersistence A timeB competitionC perseverance2 Allhisattemptstounlockthedoorwasfutile becausehewasusingthewrongkey A 成功的B 徒劳的C 有效的D 匆促的 35 3 ThoughMr Smithhasbeenmanagerforjust3months hehasalreadymademuchgreaterachievementsthanhispredecessors A 上级B 前任C 同事D 下级 4 Shedidn thearwhatyousaidbecauseshewascompletelyengrossedinherreading A 心不在焉的B 紧张的C 全神贯注的D 睡意浓的 36 5 Twelve year oldSallywasanactivegirl Buthersisterwasquitesedate A prettyB calmC protectiveD energetic6 Heisaresoluteman Oncehemakesuphismindtodosomething hewon tgiveituphalfway A strongB firmC kindD clever 祝 功 成 你 37 7 Theflowersinthevasewitheredbecausetheyhadnowater A becamesweeterB becameredC becamedry8 Justforfun theydecidedtotryaverycircuitouscountryroadinsteadofthemoredirecthighway A directB indirectC straight 祝 功 成 你 Canyouguessthecorrectmeaningsofthefollowingwords 1 Therearesomeglaciersmovingdownthemountainvalleys Aglacierisariverofice A 雪山B 树枝C 冰河D 冰2 Heisaresoluteman Oncehemadeuphismindtodosomething hewon tgiveituphalfway A weakB firmC kindD clever3 Mr BrownisnowworkingatPrincetonUniversityfarawayfromhome Forthisreasonhehastorentaroomneartheofficewhereheworks A 租用B 借出C 购买D 参观 C A B 4 Theofficialaskedthemanwhathisoccupationwas Themantoldhimthatheworkedasanengineer A workB studyC nameD interest5 Theoldwomanhasastrangehabittokeepover100catsinherhouse Herneighborallcallheraneccentriclady A 爱猫的B 古怪的C 闲不住D 动物保护主义者6 Inmanycountriestherearetwofinancialextremes frompenurytogreatwealth A 便士B 温饱C 非常贫困D 虚弱 A B C 40 Inquiry basedActivities II 探究活动 2 Aman spositionamongtheblack tentpeopledependsonhisancestors relatives andfellowtribesmen Iftheyarehonored heisalsohonored Iftheyaredisgraced hetooisdisgraced Thereforeonecarefullyguardsthehonorofhisfamily hislineage 宗系 andhistribe Theword disgrace means inthistext A honorB endangerC proudD shame D Therulerhadbeensocruelanddishonestthataftertherevolutionhewasbanished AfewmembersoftheSenate 参议院 opposedthisdecision butthemajorityvotedthattherulershouldleavethecountryforever Theunderlinedword banished mean A killedbystoningB sentawayC imprisonedD punishedbywhipping B 43 Myfirstjobwastodrivetheoxenthatploughedthecanefields Iwouldwalkbehindanox guidinghimwithabroomstick For 1aday Iworkedeighthoursstraight withnofoodbreaks Itwasverytediouswork butitpreparedmeforlifeandtaughtmemanylastinglessons Becausetheplantationownerswerealwayswatchingus IhadtobeontimeeverydayandworkashardasIcoul