Unit Four Detailed Reading.docx

Unit Four Detailed Reading1. Words and Expressions globalization: n. free flows of capital, labor, technology, and personal contact across national borders * Some see the spread of English as an international language as just another consequence of globalization. (=Thanks to globalization, the burger you buy in Moscow is exactly the same as the one you buy in New York.)sweep aside: clear away or get rid of suddenly or forcefully; refuse to pay attention to sth./ sb. says* Anyway, by then she was sure that Julius would simply have swept any curbs aside.他们对所有的反对意见不予理睬。(=They swept all the objections aside.)Pattern: sweep away 扫清, 迅速消灭sweep out 扫掉; 清除sweep over 眺望, 环视sweep up 打扫干净, 收拾干净strengthen: vt. become stronger or make sth. stronger We must strengthen the weak links.(=The Presidents first priority was to strengthen the economy.)asset: n. 1) (usu. pl) money or property that a person or company owns *Copyrights, patents, trademarks, brand names, and trade secrets are all part of a companys intangible assets. 目前，他们的资产有623万美元。(=Currently, they have $6,230,000 in assets.)2) an advantage or a resource *The most powerful asset we have is our skilled, dedicated workforce. (=A sense of humor is an important asset for any teacher.) Collocation:capital/ fixed assets 资本/固定资产cash assets 现金资产liquid/ circulating/ current assets 流动资产net assets 净资产make no / little difference: have no / little effect (on), be of no / little importance (to) *That does not mean it makes no difference to social welfare which rules we settle upon. 姚明的缺席似乎对休斯顿火箭队没有太大的影响。(=The absence of Yao Ming seemed to make little difference to the performance of the Houston Rockets.)identifyas: recognize and correctly name someone or sth. *His accent identified him as a Frenchman. (=The policeman identified him as the thief.) elite: n. a group of people who have a lot of power and influence because they have money, knowledge, or special skills*Only a small elite can afford to send their children to this school.这些人构成了有决定权的精英集团。 (=These people form an elite who have the power to make decisions. )Collocation:political/social/economic elite 政治/社会/经济精英a handful of: a very small number of people or things:*That place was of little interest. I only took a handful of pictures. (=What counts is having a handful of young that are exceptional.) earnest: adj. marked by or showing deep sincerity or seriousness*Friends described Jackson as an earnest, hard-working young man. 你可以笑，但我绝对是认真的。(=You may laugh but Im in deadly earnest. )Collocation:in earnest郑重地；严肃认真considerable: adj. fairly large, especially large enough to have an effect or be important * Attracting tourists to the area is going to take considerable effort. (=A considerable amount of research was done here by our science department.)interconnect: vi. connect to or with each other * Our operating system can now interconnect with other networks. 人们的生活是如何互相联系在一起的, 真是不可思议。(=Its strange how peoples lives interconnect.)advantageous: adj. helpful and likely to make you successful * Many bus companies provide advantageous fare tickets especially for tourists.你会发现等几周再作答复是很有好处的。(=You may find it advantageous to wait a few weeks before replying.)NB: “advantageous” 的名词形式为 “advantage”。与其搭配常用的短语是：“have the advantage of” “有优势”; “take advantage of” “（以不正当手段）利用；占便宜”entitle: vt. 1) give a title to给题名，给取名*She was reading a poem entitled Auguries of Innocence. (=He entitled the book The Secret Garden.)2) give someone the official right to do or have sth.*Full-time employees are entitled to receive health insurance.他们有资格享有许多优惠和特权。(=They are entitled to enjoy many advantages and privileges.)Pattern:be entitled 叫做, 称为be entitled to (do) sth. 对.享有权利/有资格 vanish: vi. disappear suddenly, especially in a way that cannot be easily explained *My keys were here a minute ago but now theyve vanished. (=The plane vanished from radar screens soon after taking off.)facilitate: vt. make it easier for a process or activity to happen * Both centers are electronically linked to facilitate communication. 学校都建在同一校区内，以便资源共享。(=Schools were located in the same campus to facilitate the sharing of resources.) (Para. 4) at odds with: in conflict with; disagreeing or quarrelling with *The government decision to raise taxes was at odds with their policies on inflation. (=Briggs found himself at odds with his colleagues.)Collocation:at odds 矛盾；不一致it makes no odds 没有关系，无关紧要take odds 占优势odds and ends 小事; 不要紧的东西be committed to: promise to do (sth.); be devoted to *A lot of money has been committed to this project. 中国承诺发展低碳经济。(=China is committed to pursuing a low carbon economy.) endorse: vt. express formal support or approval for someone or sth.*The Prime Minister is unlikely to endorse this view. (=I fully endorse the measures taken to improve safety standards.)Collocation:endorse a proposal/an idea/a candidate 赞成提议/想法/候选人 endorse a cheque背书支票erase: vt. get rid of sth. so that it has gone completely and no longer exists*Their dream is to erase poverty and injustice from the world. 没有什么东西可以使他忘记那件事。(=Nothing can erase the incident from his memory.)accelerate: v. (cause to) move faster or happen earlier * Mr Henley has accelerated his sale of shares over the past year.选手们跑过弯道时平稳地加速。 (=The runners accelerated smoothly round the bend.) forefront: n. the foremost part or area *The company has always been at the forefront of science and technology. (=Companies compete to stay at the forefront of research and development.)Pattern：at/in/to the forefront (of sth) 位于最前列；成为领导力量keep sb/sth at/in/ to 使保持在最前列come into/to 跃居最前列witness: 1. vt. be present and see * The crash was witnessed by scores of holiday weekenders along the beach. 20世纪80年代，电子传媒得到了空前的发展。(=The 1980s witnessed an unprecedented increase in the scope of the electronic media.)2. n. someone who sees a crime or an accident and can describe what happened * Police have appealed for witnesses to come forward. (=The witness was asked to identify the defendant in the courtroom.)beat a path to/ beat down sbs door: if people beat a path to your door, they are interested in sth. you are selling, a service you are providing etc.* The new design was supposed to have consumers beating a path to their door.现在她已经成名, 她家门庭若市。 (=Now that she has become famous, all sorts of people will be beating a path to her door.)Pattern:beat a path to/ beat down sbs door 门庭若市beat a big drum for/about为鼓吹;为大肆宣传beat a bargain 还价成交remarkable: adj. unusual or surprising and therefore deserving attention or praise* Clark did a remarkable job setting things up for the meeting. (=She has made remarkable progress.)landmark: n. 1) sth. that is easy to recognize, such as a tall tree or building, and that helps you know where you are* The Washington Monument is a popular historical landmark.这座塔曾是船只的陆标。(=The tower was once a landmark for ships.)2) one of the most important events, changes, or discoveries that influences someone or sth. * The Reform and Open Door Policy has become a landmark in Chinese history.小孩的出世是所有相关人生活中一件大事。(=The birth of a child is an important landmark in the lives of all concerned.) overtake (overtook, overtaken): 1) v. go past a moving vehicle or person because you are going faster than them and want to get in front of them* Before you start to overtake, make sure the road is clear ahead of you. (=Two trucks overtaking one another brushed him to the side.)2) vt. catch up with or pass after catching up with*Television soon overtook the cinema as the most popular form of entertainment. 在工业产量方面德国迅速超过了英国。(=Germany rapidly overtook Britain in industrial output.)NB: 前缀over可以放在名词，动词，形容词前边表达“too much 过分” 的含义。例如: “overpopulation” “人口过剩”; “overwork ” “过度工作”；“overweight”“超重的”。displace: vt. take the place of; replace * Coal has been displaced by natural gas as a major source of energy. (=Some of the companies that have been displaced have, in their time, displaced others.)elsewhere: adv. in, at, or to another place *Hell work as a freelance consultant, unless he finds a better job elsewhere. 我们最喜欢去的那家饭店客满了, 因此不得不改去别处 (=Our favourite restaurant was full so we had to go elsewhere.)patriotic: adj. having or expressing a great love of your country* Relatives remembered him as a deeply patriotic man. (=The presidential candidate said paying higher taxes was a patriotic act.) let alone: much less; not to mention * Many thousands of children had never even seen, let alone owned a pair of shoes. 他连带领保龄球队的本事都没有，更别提领导国家了。(=He was incapable of leading a bowling team, let alone a country.)Pattern:let sb /sth. be 别打扰，不干预let sth. drop/ fall无意中说出，不经意透露let sb./sth. go 放，释放 domestic: adj. relating to or happening in one particular country and not involving any other countries* Security on domestic flights in the US has been stepped up considerably. (=History books do not tell us much about the domestic lives of our ancestors.) strike a balance: give the correct amount of importance or attention to two separate things*Effective organizations will strike a balance that allows them not only to accept uncertainty but to take advantage of it.他发现平衡家庭和工作的关系是很困难的。(=He was finding it difficult to strike a balance between his family and his work.)2. Difficult SentencesBrowder now manages $1.6 billion in assets.What information can you get from the sentence? (=Browder is quite a rich businessman and right now there are $1.6 billion worth of assets under at his investment firm.) 2. Translate the sentence into Chinese (=布劳德如今掌管着价值16亿美元的资产。)National identity makes no difference for me, he says. Why does Browder say so? (=Because he doesnt think he only belongs to the countries he was born, studied, or worked. He shares the history, culture, or language of other countries. He is undoubtedly international.)Although Browder and Mandl define their nationality differently, both see their identity as a matter of personal choice, not an accident of birth. 1. How do you understand “not an accident of birth”? (=not the place of their birth) 2. Translate the sentence into Chinese (=虽然布劳德和曼德尔对各自的国籍界定不同，他们都将国籍视为个人选择， 而不是由出生地决定的。)Whatever their considerable differences, most Davos Men and Women share at least one belief: that globalization, the unimpeded flows of capital, labor and technology across national borders, is both welcome and unstoppable. 1. Underline the main structure of the sentence. (=most Davos Men and Women share one belief: that Globalization,is both welcome and unstoppable.) 2. Translate the sentence into Chinese (=尽管与会男女各不相同，但他们大多数有一个共同信念：全球化，亦即资本、劳动力和技术不受阻碍地跨国界流动，是值得欢迎和不可阻挡的。)This disconnect, he says, creates a major cultural fault line. 1. What can we infer from the sentence? (=Years ago, people loved their country and considered national Identity important.) 2. Paraphrase the sentence (=The disconnection forms an important line dividing a culture into two camps, which is likely to cause problems.)If the issue is how the pie is divided, if youre in the Western world you could question that. 1. What does “that” refer to? (=It refers to globalization.) 2. Translate the sentence into Chinese (=如果问题在于蛋糕怎么分，而你又是西方人，那你就会质疑全球化。)After Reading 1 Useful Expressions1. 扫除sweep aside2. 寻找in search of3. 国家认同national identity4. 狂热信徒a fervent believer5. 认为identify as6. 毫不迟疑without any hesitation7. 国际商业精英international business lite8. 少数几位a handful of9. 没完没了的认真的讨论endless earnest discussion10. 资本、劳动力和技术的流动flow of capital, labor and technology11. 最佳地点the most advantageous locations12. 全球超级物种global superspecies13. 与渐行渐远increasingly divorce from14. 文化断层cultural fault line15. 处于的前沿at the forefront of16. 开辟一条通向的道路beat a path to17. 一个创新的卓越环境a remarkable environment of innovation18. 根据对各国人口和经济增长的预计be based on projections of de