全新版大学英语_视听阅读4Unit4答案.docx

Unit 4This story is set in the country of China. It takes place in the remote areas of Yunnan Province.For thousands of years, certain remote minority nationalities in China have existed in near isolation. Separated from the rest of world, these deeply cultural communities have maintained the old ways of life. Now, with the increased globalization of the worlds cultures, they could disappear. What are these cultures? Can they be preserved for the worlds future?I. Chinas Cultural Diversity. Read the paragraph. Then match each word with the correct definition. Chinas mainstream population is mainly Han Chinese, who comprise approximately 90 percent of the countrys inhabitants. While the Han are the predominant group, there are also a number of minority nationalities, several of which have unique languages, customs, and mores. With the growing internationalism in China and the world, some fear smaller societies may vanish as cultural lines merge. Brian Schmeck, a documentary filmmaker, wants to record the existence of these charming cultures before they disappear.1. mainstream _D_2. Han _A_3. mores _E_4. vanish _B_5. charming _C_A. the name of Chinas biggest ethnic groupB. disappear suddenlyC. pleasing, attractive, delightfulD. the main or most widely acceptedE. the traditional customs and behaviors of a particular cultural groupII. The Global Village. Read the paragraph. Then complete the sentences with the correct form of the underlined words or phrases. For thousands of years, isolation from the world has preserved the traditions of many ethnic and cultural minorities. But now, even the most rural areas of the world are joining the global village. Remote areas may soon have access to satellite TV, cell phones, and other modern technology and will thus no longer be as cut off as they once were. While there are advantages to this modernization, the transition to a more global society may also tempt people to discard their ancient traditions and abandon village life.1. _Discard_ means to throw something away.2. A _transition_ is a change from one condition to another.3. _Satellites_ transmit signals from space to provide information.4.A location that is _cut off _ is far away from cities and communication.5. A term for describing a planet without borders or boundaries is _ _global village_.SUMMARYNearly one-tenth of the population of China is made up of 55 ethnic minority groups, each culturally distinct from mainstream Han Chinese. The cultures, arts, and way of life of these minorities are in danger of being left behind as China becomes more modernized and the young people of these villages move to urban areas. Filmmaker Bryan Schmeck has traveled to the outer edges of the country to meet and record the people of these minority groups.Warming upTeaching NOTES1. Ask students if they know how many ethnic minorities there are in China. List them on the board. Then ask students if they are familiar with the ethnic groups in Yunnan.2. Encourage students to share their knowledge or experience of ethnic groups lifestyles, customs, festivals, etc. 3. Prepare some pictures of ethnic minority people in their traditional costumes and have students guess their names. The Naxi Nationality The Naxi nationality mostly live in the Naxi Autonomous County in Lijiang, Yunnan Province, while the rest live in Sichuan and Tibet. This minority group has a population of 308,893, according to the 2000 census. The name Naxi (also spelled Nakhi) consists of Na which means senior and honored, and Xi which means people. The Naxi people have an interesting culture, and the most important feature of it is the Dongba language. The Naxi people believe in Mahayana Buddhism, Taism and Lamaism. The Mou Suo people, a branch of the Naxi nationality, still keep the unique Axia marital custom, and the trace of a matrilineal system can still be seen in this group. Therefore, they have been called the “Living Fossil” in a study of the development of human family and marriage. The main festivals of the Naxi people are the Bangbanghui festival on January 15th on the Lunar calendar, the Sanduo Festival in February 8th and the Live Stock Exchange Fair in March and June.The Bai Nationality The population of the Bai nationality is about 1.39 million. They live mainly in Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture. Others are scattered in Kunming, Yuanjiang, Lijiang and Lanping. The Bai people regard white as an honorable color and like to wear white clothes. Men often wear white coats with black vests. Women like to wear white or blue jackets with black or blue vests. Unmarried and married women have different hairstyles and headdresses. The major festivals of the Bai People are the Raosanlin, the Torch Festival, the Patron God Festival and the Shibaoshan Mountain Song Festival. The most important of all is the Third Month Fair in Dali. It falls on March 15th on the Lunar calendar and lasts seven days.Festivals of the Minorities of Yunnan Two festivals are the two important events for the minorities of Yunnan. They are the Water Splashing Festival and the Torch Festival. The Water Splashing Festival is the New Year according to the Dai calendar. At this time, the young girls and boys of Dai nationality will dress in colorful costumes and spray “auspicious” water on their guests to the lively beat of drums. The person who gets soaked through is believed to be the happiest and luckiest! The Torch Festival is on 24th, June in the Lunar calendar and it is the grandest festival of the Yi nationality. In this festival, there are bullfighting and tumbling during the day and dancing and singing around large bonfires at night. Video ScriptNarrator: Outside of China, Han Chinese are often considered to be the sole culture of the country. While Chinas population is predominately Han, it is actually composed of a number of ethnic minorities. These smaller groups are culturally distinct from the Han and several have separate languages and customs. Due to the current high levels of expansion and development in China, some feel its important to document these ethnic minorities before theyre lost. One person committed to recording the life of these fascinating peoples is Bryan Schmeck, a documentary filmmaker.According to Schmeck, Chinas nationalities, also known as “the fifty-six nationalities of China”, include the Han plus 55 other minority groups. To find them, one must travel to the far edges of China. Here, inhabitants have maintained a way of life with minimal changes over the centuries. In appearance and language, some cultures are distinctly different from those of mainstream China. The groups vary not only in the way they look and the languages they speak, but also in the arts, such as the songs and dances of their culture. For thousands of years, isolation has preserved their traditions, but now, even the most rural areas are joining the global village.Brian Schmeck, Documentary Filmmaker: “I mean, they see the outside world that theyve never seen before and they like what they see.”Narrator: For a year and a half, filmmaker Bryan Schmeck has been traveling across China, rushing to complete a video archive of its minority cultures before they vanish.Schmeck: “Ten to fifteen years from now, youre not going to see what Im seeing. People themselves will still exist, but their ideas, their culture, their way of life will not. Itll be gone, and its disappearing really fast.”Narrator: The Mou Suo people of Yunnan Province are just one of the 55 minority nationalities. A matriarchal society in which women are at the center, they have no word for “marriage”. The cultural mores here differ significantly from the rest of the world. Less than a decade ago, this area was rarely visited by outsiders. Now, city residents like Mei Zhou come here as tourists. For urban Chinese, spending time in these charming villages gives them a chance to enjoy nature. As a result of peoples rising interest, local residents can now earn a living in the tourist industry and they truly seem to enjoy their work.The Naxi people have lived in this mountain village of northwestern Yunnan Province for at least 1,500 years. For most of that time, theyve been largely cut off from other people, mainly because no road came near the village. A village leader says that children are now able to walk two hours to get to a new road to catch a bus to school. But he worries that after they receive an education, the young people may see no reason to come back.People throughout rural China are flooding into large cities, searching for things they know exist but cant get out in the country.Schmeck: “Modern conveniences, I mean nice housing. They like this and they want to go this way, so in a sense theyre getting a better life, but theyre forgetting where they came from.”Narrator: For many of the 55 minority nationalities of China, there seems to be a rush to conform to the rest of the country, and thats not necessarily good if you believe that diversity is important.Schmeck: “Theyre going to be absorbed into mainstream China. Youre going to see it in a dinner theater or a floor show. Or youre going to go up to a tourist park and a bunch of people will be putting on costumes to give you a little display of what was there.”Narrator: Increasingly, China and the rest of the world are facing change and globalization. To think minority peoples can be immune to that transition is unrealistic. As China charts its course through the 21st Century, its important that its 55 minority nationalities dont give up their cultural heritage or discard their ancient traditions for a new way of life. The varied cultures of China must be encouraged to preserve their history because its this diversity that enriches our world.Teaching notesI.1. Ask students to go through the questions in the left-hand column.2. Play the video.3. Explain that the terms ethnic minorities , ethnic groups , minority nationalities and minority groups can all be translated to Shaoshuminzu (少数民族) in Chinese. II.1. Give students time to list the differences between minority groups and mainstream China. 2. Play the video.3. Elicit the answers from students.4. Have students summarize the main idea of this part.III.1.Have students repeat each sentence after it is spoken twice and then write the sentences.2. Have students listen again, and mark the word stress on content words with a stress mark ( ? ).3. Have students listen to each sentence and draw an upward arrow ? for rising intonation, or a downward arrow ? for falling intonation.4. Have students listen again and draw a curved line to mark any words that are linked or blended together.5. Have students practice reading the sentences till they can say them using appropriate intonation and stress pattern.Word bank1. be composed of be formed from a number of substances, parts, or peoplee.g.Water is composed of hydrogen and oxygen.The legal system is composed of people, and people make mistakes.2. distinct adj. clearly different e.g.The learning needs of the two groups are quite distinct from each other.3. document vt. write about something, film it, or take photographs of it, in order to record information about ite.g.His research documents how the crisis occurred.4. preserve vt. save something or someone from being harmed or destroyede.g.We must encourage the planting of new trees and preserve our existing woodlands.Teaching notesI.1. Have students guess which picture represents the Mou Suo people and which represents the Naxi people? before they watch the video. 2. Play the video.3. Have students give more details about the two ethnic groups after they finish the exercise. 4. Have students summarize the main idea of this part.II.1. Give students some time to predict the answers. 2. Play the video.3. Elicit the answers from students.III.1. Ask students to decide which group they would like to join.2. Have the students in each group discuss the questions in Step 2.3. Let the two groups with opposite viewpoints have a debate. 4. Make some constructive comments on the class debate. Word bank1. archive n. a place where a large number of historical records are stored, or the records that are storede.g.The writers younger sister has been keeping an archive of the writers unpublished work after his death.2. matriarchal adj. ruled or controlled by womene.g.Around a great lake in the mountains of Southwest China lives a matriarchal group called Mou Suo. 3. mores n. customs, social behavior, and moral values of a particular groupe.g.Contemporary social and sexual mores have changed greatly.4. see no reason to there is no reason to do something e.g.I see no reason to invest heavily in a building firm.Collocationsee no reason why 没理由for reasons of sth. 由于的原因with (good) reason (完全)合乎情理have every reason to do sth. 完全有理由做某事5. flood into cover a place with somethinge.g.Applications flooded into the office.Collocationbe in (full) flood? (江河)泛滥；处于活动高潮 be flooded with 充斥Useful expressionsDescribing pros and cons* The good/bad points are* What can benefit us is * It proved worthwhile to* The problem is * Were concerned/worried about* Well suffer fromifTeaching notesI.1. Give students time to predict the answers. 2. Play the video.3. Have students compare the answers in pairs.II.1. Give students time to predict the answers. 2. Play the video.3. Have students compare the answers in pairs.4. Have students translate the expressions into Chinese and make a new sentence with each one.III.1. Explain to students that the three questions correspond to the three paragraphs in the video. 2. Play the video.3. Have students answer the three questions with the help of the given expressions.4. Have students summarize the main idea of this part.Word bank1. conform to comply with rules, standards, or lawse.g.All companies are required to conform to these rules.Collocationconform with 符合2. thats not necessarily good not definitely or always goode.g.The more expensive articles are not necessarily better. 3. absorb into take in liquid, gas, or another substance from the surface or space around somethinge.g.Water and salts are absorbed into our blood stream.Collocationbe absorbed by 被吞并; 为所吸收be absorbed in 全神贯注在; 热衷于absorb sbs attention 吸引某人注意4. be immune to not affected or influenced by something e.g.No one is immune to his immense charm. Many people are immune to this disease.5. transition n. when something changes from one form or state to anothere.g.Making the transition from youth to adulthood can be very painful.They all support a peaceful transition.6. chart its course to make a plan of what should be done to achieve a particular resulte.g.Each team was responsible for making its own decisions and charting its own course.Useful expressionsMaking a summary* To sum up, * Generally speaking, * In conclusion, * As we can see from, * A recent survey shows that* People have different ideas onTeaching notesI.1. Give students time to predict the answers. Explain that the answers may not be the exact words from the video. 2. Play the video.3. Elicit the answers from students.II.1. Put students into pairs and have them decide on the roles.2. Have students outline the interview according to the pictures. 3. Have students practice their interview.4. Encourage students to role-play the interview in front of the class. III.1. Put students into groups of three or four and introduce the task.2. Go through the information in the sample fact sheet. In addition to the items listed in the fact sheet, tell students they can also introduce food, clothes or beliefs of minority groups. 3. Give students enough time to do research and complete the fact sheet.4. Invite a representative from each group to report their findings to the class. 5. Ask other groups to take notes while a group is reporting their findings.6. Have students compare notes in groups and summarize other groups findings.Useful expressionsMaking an interview on professional topics* What an honor it is to have this opportunity to interview you.* Mr./Ms, thanks for participating all the way from* What do you suggestcan do to?* What is your specific area of concern regarding?* In closing, I thank all of the participants.* Thanks to all for offering your wisdom.I. Watch Part 1. Choose the answer(s) to each of the following questions in the table. Some of the questions may have more than one answer.The Varied Cultures of China1.Which nationality is the biggest one in China?2.Who is Brian Schmeck?3.How many nationalities are there in China?4.Where can people find those ethnic minorities?5.In which aspects are minority cultures different from those of mainstream China?A.The Han nationality. B.The Mou Suo people.A.A documentary editor.B.A documentary filmmaker.A.56.B.The Han plus 55 other minority groups.A.On the far edges of China.B.In mountainous area.A.In appearance and language.B.Not only in the way they look and the languages they speak, but als