WilliamShakesearePPT课件.ppt

LectureFourWilliamShakespeare EnglishRenaissanceHumanismWilliamShakespeareSonnet18TheMerchantofVeniceHamlet 1 TheperiodofRenaissance 1476 1660 Renaissance rebirththegreatfloweringofartandletters Twofeatures Revivalofclassicallit Keeninterestinlifeandhumanactivities humanism Subdivision 1 Ageofexperiments 1476 1579 2 AgeofShakespeare 1579 1616 3 Thepuritanage 1616 1660 2 Renaissance aperiodofbreakingupoffeudalrelationsandestablishingcapitalism Historicalbackground 1 TheDarkAge TheMiddleAge theologyA TheEnclosuremovement sheepdevouredmen thecontradictionbetweentherulingclassandthepoor B ReformationofthechurchduringthereignofHenryVIII 1509 1547 monarchwasformed C ThedefeatofSpanishArmadabytheEnglishnavyin1588D Aperiodofpeaceandprosperity andgreatinterestintravel explorationandcommerce thereignofQueenElizabethI 1558 1603 E Dominanceofhumanism 3 2EnglishRenaissanceIsanintellectualmovement ItsprangfirstinItalyinthe14thcenturyandgraduallyspreadalloverEurope Twofeatures 1 revivedthestudyoftheclassicalliterature i e thestudyofRomanandGreekclassicsandmarkedthebeginningofbourgeoisrevolution anexpressionofthegeneraldissatisfactionattheCatholicandfeudalideas 4 2 thethoughtofHumanism Humanistsemphasizedthecapacitiesofthehumanmindandtheachievementsofhumanculture incontrasttothemedievalemphasisonGodandcontemptforthethingsofthisworld HumanismisthekeynoteoftheRenaissance Humanismreflectedthenewoutlookoftherisingbourgeoisclass Representativewriters Shakespeare 5 Shakespeareeverwrotesuchafollowingpoemtopraiseman Whatapieceofworkisman Hownobleinreason Howinfiniteinfaculty Informandmoving HowexpressinadmirableInaction howlikeanangel Inapprehension howlikeaGod 6 Anageofdramaandpoetry A Dramatists ChristopherMarlowe 1564 1593 ThetragichistoryofDoctorFaustusblankverse 无韵诗 Versewritteninunrhymediambicpentameter apopularforminEnglishpoetry itwasextensivelyemployedinEnglishpoetryoftheRenaissance eg WilliamShakespeare BenJohnson RenminUni 2003 ZhongnanUni 2003 HuadongNormalUni 2002 7 B Lyricalpoetry EdmundSpenser 1552 1599 TheFaerieQueeneC Essayists FrancisBacon Essays ThomasMore Utopia 8 EdmundSpenser 9 ThomasMore 10 TheSpenserianStanza Itisagroupof8linesofiambicpentameterfollowedbyaniambichexameterline anAlexandrine witharhymeschemeababbcbcc 11 I Warming upquestions 1 WhoisWilliamShakespeare 1564 1616 Stratford on Avon heproduced37plays 154sonnetsandsomelongpoems 12 WilliamShakespeare 13 HisHouse 14 GlobalTheater reconstructed 15 Histombstone 16 2 WhatishispositioninthehistoryofEnglishLiterature thegreatestplaywrightintheworld 3 WhatarethefourgreattragediesandfourcomediesofShakespeare 1 Tragedies Hamlet Othello KingLear Macbeth RomeoandJuliet thefirsttragedy condemnsthedarkandevilsociety 17 2 Comedies TheMerchantofVenice AMidsummerNight sDream TwelfthNight AsYouLikeit Hesangoftheiryouth theirloveandidealofhappiness 3 historicalplays HenryIV HenryVI RichardIIIthehistoricaleventsoftwocenturiesfromRichardIItoHenryVIII Stressedtheunityofthecountry 18 The3periodsinhiswritingcareer 1 1590 1600theperiodofapprenticeship2 1600 11608theperiodoftragedies3 1608 1612theperiodofrestoredserenityThreeGreektragedians Aeschylus埃斯库罗斯 525 456BC PrometheusBoundedSophocles 索夫克里斯 496 406BC OedipustheKingEuripides 欧里庇底斯 480 406BC TheTrojanWomen 19 Englishsonnet ElizabethanorShakespeariansonnet 3quatrainsandacoupletrhymescheme ababcdcdefefgg Thethemeisdevelopedorputforwardinthe3quatrains Thecoupletendswithasurpriseconclusionorashiftofideas 20 ReadSonnet18 WhohadShakespearewrittento Twoseries oneseriesareaddressedtoW H evidentlyayoungman andtheotheraddressedto darklady whoplayedthepoetfalse singsman sachievement Naturalbeautyismortal Itisdestinedtodiesoonerorlater Buttheyoungman sbeautycanbreakthenaturallawandbeimmortal singsforman spower It safullexpressionofhumanism 21 我可能把你和夏天相比拟 你比夏天更可爱更温和 狂风会把五月的花苞吹落地 夏天也嫌太短促 匆匆而过 有时太阳照得太热 常常又遮暗他的金色的脸 美的事物总不免要凋落 偶然的 或是随自然变化而流转 但是你的永恒之夏不会褪色 你不会失去你的俊美的仪容 死神不能夸说你在他的阴影里面走着 如果你在这不朽的诗句里获得了永生 只要人们能呼吸 眼睛能看东西 此诗就会不朽 使你永久生存下去 梁实秋 22 Questions 1Whatarethecharacteristicsofthispoem Fordepthofsentiment formasteryofdiction forperfectionoffinish 完美状态thestateofbeingperfect 2What sthethemeofthispoem singsman sachievement Naturalbeautyismortal Itisdestinedtodiesoonerorlater Buttheyoungman sbeautycanbreakthenaturallawandbeimmortal singsforman spower It safullexpressionofhumanism 3Whataboutthestructureandrhythmofthispoem iambicpentameter rhymedabab cdcd efef gg 14lines Threequatrains 四行诗 offourlineseach andacouplet atypicalsonnet 23 anoctave asestet 3quatrains acouplet abbaabbacdecde ababbcbccdcdee ababcdcdefefgg ItalianSonnet SpenserianSonnet ShakespearianSonnet 3quatrains acouplet 24 2020 1 3 25 26 27 28 5 footIambus IambicPentametre 五步抑扬格 29 30 31 TheMerchantofVenice theaffairsbetweenBassanio Portia ShylockandAntonio 1 Theplot BassanioisfriendswithAntonio heneededmoneytogoproposetoPortia anddecidedtoborrowfromAntonio Antonio tosatisfyhisfriend borrowedthemoneyfromaJewishmerchantShylock AntoniomadeadealwithShylockthatifthemoneywasn treturned Shylockwouldbeallowedtocutout1poundoffleshoutofhisbody 32 BassaniosuccessfullywontheloveofPortia butsoonrealisedhisfriendcouldnotpaythemoneybacktoShylockontime BassanioreturnedtoVeniceasfastashecouldandattendedatrial ThereasonwhyAntonioisn tabletopayisbecausehisshipswerecaughtinstorm Portia pretendingtobeayounglawyer claimedthatthepropositionsaid 1poundofflesh not 1poundoffleshandblood andsaidthatShylockisonlyallowedtoremoveflesh butnotanyblood whichisimpossble Thus endingthetrialandeveryonelivedhappilyeverafter 33 Tartar n AmemberofanyoftheTurkicandMongolianpeoplesofcentralAsiawhoinvadedwesternAsiaandeasternEuropeintheMiddleAges 鞑靼人 在中世纪入侵西亚和东欧并居住于中亚的突厥和蒙古部落的成员 34 公爵 让出地方来 让他站在我们面前 夏洛克 所有的人都这么想 我也在这么想 你这副怨毒的样子其实是假装的 到该动手的最后一刻时 你会显出你的怜悯与懊悔之心来 那会比你现在面上的残酷更叫人难以预料 现在虽然你要照约执罚 要割下这个不幸商人的一磅肉来 可是到了最后 你将不仅不会这么做 还会表现出人性中的博爱与关怀 免去他偿还的一部分本金 拿出你的同情看看他的遭遇吧 近来的损失如此沉重地压在他肩上 即便是富可敌国的商人也会被压垮 这样的厄运 即使是茹毛饮血的野人 即使是尚未经文明熏陶的 顽固的异族人 都会对他的境遇产生同情 犹太人 文明在等着你一句善意的回答 Said Orientalism 萨义德 东方主义 后殖民主义post colonialism 35 鲍西娅 仁慈可不是出于勉强 它像柔和的小雨一般从天上降落人间 它双倍赐福于人们 我讲了这些话是希望你能从现在的诉求上有所让步 可你如果坚持的话 我们无私的威尼斯法庭将对那个商人做出审判 p102 36 Questions 1 whatisthethemeoftheplay 2 WhatdoyouthinkofShylock 3 WhatdoyouthinkofShakespeare sattitudetoShylock 4 WhoisPortia Inwhichliteraryworkdoessheappear Whatdoesshedoinit Howdoyoudescribeherpersonality 2008ZhengzhouUni 10 37 Hamlet 4 WhatdoyouknowaboutHamlet Theplot 1 Hamlet sfather theoldking deathbyClaudius marriedtheQueen Hamlet smother Hamletwantstoavengehisfather 2 gomad aplayacted hisuncle smurder 3 ClaudiusdeterminestokillHamlet HesendsHamlettoEngland 4 Opheliagoesmad drowned HerbrotherLaertesrevengesHamlet aduel woundsHamlet stabstheKing dies Thequeendies ItshowshowHamlet whorepresentsgoodandjustice fightsagainsthisuncleinwhomalltheevilthingsofthetimecanbeseen 38 II Aliteraryterm Soliloquy Monologue Acharacterinaplayspeaksdirectlytotheaudience asifthinkingaloudaboutmotives feelings anddecisions Itisaboutthecharacter sinnermostthoughts readerscanlearnmoreaboutthecharacterthancouldeverbegatheredfromtheactionoftheplayalone InHamletandMacbeththesoliloquyhasapsychologicaldepth 39 Play act sceneSetting Itisthetimeandplaceinwhichtheeventsinashortstory novel playoranarrativepoemoccur Stagedirection 40 III Thetext IsHamletarealcowardornot 1 Tobeornottobe thegreatestdramaticmonologueandalsothecentralmonologueinthisplay tobe toexist nottobe todie hisideaaboutlifeanddeath 41 生存或毁灭 这是个必答之问题 是否应默默的忍受坎苛命运之无情打击 还是应与深如大海之无涯苦难奋然为敌 并将其克服 此二抉择 就竟是哪个较崇高 死即睡眠 它不过如此 倘若一眠能了结心灵之苦楚与肉体之百患 那么 此结局是可盼的 死去 睡去 但在睡眠中可能有梦 啊 这就是个阻碍 当我们摆脱了此垂死之皮囊 在死之长眠中会有何梦来临 它令我们踌躇 使我们心甘情愿的承受长年之灾 否则谁肯容忍人间之百般折磨 如暴君之政 骄者之傲 失恋之痛 法章之慢 贪官之侮 或庸民之辱 42 假如他能简单的一刃了之 还有谁会肯去做牛做马 终生疲於操劳 默默的忍受其苦其难 而不远走高飞 飘於渺茫之境 倘若他不是因恐惧身後之事而使他犹豫不前 此境乃无人知晓之邦 自古无返者 所以 理智 能使我们成为懦夫 而 顾虑 能使我们本来辉煌之心志变得黯然无光 像个病夫 再之 这些更能坏大事 乱大谋 使它们失去魄力 43 Summaryofthesoliloquy 1 Line56 60Ifhepassivelyreactedandacceptedthefate hemaylive Ifhetookactionsandrevengethemurderer hemaydie Sohehastwochoices lifeordeath 2 L60 82Explorationoftheproblemoflifeanddeath 1 L60 67thesituationafterone sdeath a aSolution2 butdeathdoesnotmeanrelaxing 1 2 Tosleepdoesn tmeanwecanstopoursufferings Becauseevenifinoursleepwecanhaveadream wedon tknowwhatdreamitis 3L68 77thesituationwhenhelives sufferings4L78 82It shardtodecidetheproblemoflifeanddeath 5L83 theendtoomuchthinkingmakesactionimpossible Summary Hence wemayhesitate Wemaythinktoomuch considerationmakesactivity actionimpossible 44 IVQuestionsafterthetext What sthethem